NihontoWatch南北朝中期 延文頃 備中国。備中国青江派は肥沃な高梁川下流域の沖積平野に栄えた一派。御番鍛冶に青江恒次・貞次ら名工を輩出して以降、鎌倉中期の友次・延次、南北朝期の次吉・貞次など各時代に優れた刀工の遺例が現存している。姿形伸びやかにで、焼刃は蒼くさえわたっている。
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Bizen-den · Bitchu
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The Aoe school arose in Bitchu Province, a region celebrated for iron production since antiquity. The early eleventh-century miscellany Shin Sarugaku-ki already lists "the swords of Bitchu" among the noted products of the provinces, and roughly two centuries later the Aoe swordsmiths emerged as heirs to that high reputation, flourishing chiefly in the lower basin of the Takahashi River in such locales as Koji and Manju. The school is traditionally said to have begun with Yasutsugu around the Shoan era, and thereafter it prospered greatly down to the later part of the Nanbokucho period. Within this lineage, works produced up through approximately the mid-Kamakura period are distinguished as Ko-Aoe, while those from the late Kamakura period onward through the Nanbokucho era are broadly termed Aoe. Representative smiths of the Nanbokucho phase include Tsugunao, Tsuguyoshi, Moritsugu, and Naotsugu, yet a great many surviving blades are mumei and attributed to the school collectively rather than to individual hands, reflecting the depth and continuity of the tradition as a whole. The NBTHK identifies two principal modes of Aoe workmanship. The first is a suguha-based temper in which the nioiguchi tends toward tightness, producing a bright and clear effect; the second is the distinctive saka-choji-midare that reached full maturity around the Enbun era (1356-1361), during the height of the Nanbokucho period. Ko-Aoe works are generally ko-nie-deki, with a somewhat shizumi (subdued) nioiguchi in suguha mixed with small undulations; by the late Kamakura period the nie becomes calmer, and in Nanbokucho pieces the nioiguchi tightens and the construction shifts to nioi-deki. It is specifically noted that whereas smiths of other provinces in this period display nie-deki under the influence of the Soshu tradition, Aoe works remain nioi-deki -- a hallmark distinction.
The forging characteristically shows ko-itame mixed with mokume, with finely standing grain producing the so-called chirimen-hada (crepe-like texture); jifu (patchy, mottled surface features) and sumihada (sooty-toned areas) are frequently intermingled. The jihada regularly exhibits midare-utsuri, and toward the cutting edge a layered, streak-like utsuri known as dan-utsuri is a major highlight of the school. Fine ji-nie adheres thickly, with chikei entering well. Overall, when compared with Bizen works of the same era, Aoe blades present a somewhat restrained and austere taste. Across the tradition's long arc from the late Heian period to the close of the Nanbokucho era, the NBTHK consistently praises Aoe works for the brightness and clarity of both ji and ha, frequently employing the term saeru (clear, brilliant) to describe the nioiguchi. Blades are commended for being kenzen (sound and well-preserved), for retaining ample nikuoki (blade "flesh"), and for conveying an atmosphere of sincerity and quiet elegance. The recurring evaluative language -- "the salient points of Aoe are conspicuously displayed," "an especially fine example even among works attributed to this school[[c:1]]" -- underscores the NBTHK's regard for the tradition as one producing consistently high-caliber work whose collective identity is immediately recognizable. The school's Nanbokucho-period output, with its wide mihaba, imposing o-kissaki, and bold boshi that rises and returns with a pointed tendency, conveys the powerful period character of that age, while earlier Ko-Aoe pieces are valued for their thoroughly archaic feeling and deep flavor. Taken together, the Aoe school represents one of the major traditions of western Japan, distinguished by its refined forging, luminous suguha, and the singular visual drama of its utsuri effects. Learn more →
| Smith | Era | Designated |
|---|---|---|
| Tsugunao次直 | 1345-1361 | 26 |
| Masatsune正恒 | 1213-1219 | 31 |
| Naotsugu直次 | 1288-1350 | 20 |
| Yasutsugu康次 | 1211-1213 | 10 |
| Kanetsugu包次 | 1211-1213 | 9 |
Bizen in the Nanbokuchō period
Sixty years of war between two courts drove blades long and broad, and Osafune met the demand: Kanemitsu and Chōgi led forges serving the provincial warriors who did the fighting, while Sōshū influence arrived with the armies to create Sōden-Bizen.
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