NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Ko-Aoe
  4. Masatsune

Aoe Masatsune

正恒

Tokujū
Vol. 5, No. 35 · Tachi

Aoe Masatsune

正恒

16 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraKenpo (1213–1219)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denGeneration2ndTypeSwordsmithCodeMAS1224
3Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
1Tokubetsu Jūyō11Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Masatsune is a smith of Bicchū Province, working from the end of the period into the early , and the published sources name him the foremost figure of the Senoo smiths. They divide the old swordsmiths of Bicchū into two lineages, the Senoo smiths and the smiths, and place Masatsune at the head of the first. He descends from Noritaka and forged at Senoo, in a line the commentary holds apart from the main stream: he "formed a lineage separate from the main line, which frequently used the character Tsugu" (「次」の字を多く用いる古青江の主流派とは別に一派をなした). The enters the first-generation Masatsune in the 'ei era, yet extant blades descend no later than the close of the period, so close in date to the Masatsune of the neighbouring province that the two are easily confused. A states the point plainly, that this Masatsune belongs to a line distinct from the smiths who sign with Tsugu and that his workmanship differs from theirs.

His recognized hand is the quiet one. Over a slender of high and pronounced he tempers not the showy clove-flower expected of the mainstream but a calm or narrow , into which and small are mixed, with and entering well and the drawn tight in . The runs straight and turns back in a small . This restraint is the whole character of the smith. The published sources read his work against the Masatsune it resembles and find his "somewhat plainer, with an astringent, subdued taste" (やや地味で渋さが感じられる). Where the school's later hands open into flamboyance, his stays close to the line, the activity carried in , , and fine and rather than in towering heads of .

The is the other half of the recognition. He forges a that stands a little and tends toward , with and fine , and through it run the speckled patches the published sources call , the crepe-like , often with areas of clear and a -style or quiet irregular . It is this , more than the temper, that separates him from his namesake, whose steel carries no such crepe of . On one the commentary singles the out as distinctive and the as splendid, and on another the grain rises in a fine, manner, mixing clear steel into a crepe-like surface in the most characteristic way. The file marks on his tangs are named, with the placement of his signature and the narrow , among the notable points of his work, and they carry the attribution even where the has worn down to a single legible character.

His record divides cleanly in two. There are the signed , several still with the two-character near the tip of the tang, others shortened yet keeping the high curvature and of an old blade, and there are the attributed to him, originally slender , judged by the , quiet and turnback. On one the published sources name precisely the straight turning to as the feature that marks Masatsune. The dating, though, the commentary leaves open: because several smiths within the line itself used the name and their signing manner differs blade to blade, and because extant works run earlier than the 's 'ei date, one signed was designated as a blade merely "bearing a signature," the question deferred to future study.

What sets him apart, the judges name in his own terms. He is held back from the Masatsune by the crepe of his and the clear of his , and from the later, flamboyant by the deliberate calm of his . The published sources call his work "archaic and deeply flavored" (古雅で味わい深い), preserving the refined elegance of the transitional late-Fujiwara to early- form, and on one signed judge it "the most archaic in character among works of this name" (同名中でも就中、古調である). Beside Koreshige, Yasuiye, Hirotsune, Tsunemasa, Moritsune and Yukimasa of the Senoo line, he stands as its representative, the one whose surviving works are not few and whose hand is the most clearly read.

For the collector he is a rare and quiet early name. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties on the modern record; his presence runs instead through the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin and the modern and tiers, twelve blades in all across the two highest tiers, one of them the single that carries an early-Meiji mounting fitted by Fuchikawa Kazunori. Fujishiro records no grade for him, and his blades survive in small number, several signed in original tang, which the published sources call "especially valuable for remaining and signed" (生ぶ茎、有銘であることは特に貴重である), and one of which they name "one representative work of Masatsune" (古青江正恒の代表作の一本). His provenance reaches the imperial house: one was formerly held by the Arisugawa-no-miya princely family, and his other blades are preserved in long-held private hands and institutional collections of recorded whereabouts. Most are held rather than traded, and a signed Masatsune in original tang comes to light only seldom, so a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the old Bicchū tradition kept its quiet, archaic voice.

Kantei

one quiet Ko-Aoe hand seen in two records: the slender signed tachi with its chu/narrow suguha and ko-midare over a chirimen-hada ground with jifu-utsuri and sumihada, and the o-suriage mumei katana attributed to him by the same jigane, suguha and ko-maru boshi; framed by the scholarship that he leads the Senoo line distinct from the Tsugu-signing main Aoe stream and resembles Ko-Bizen Masatsune more subdued

Masatsune is a smith of Bicchu, working from the end of the into the early period, and the published sources name him the representative figure of the Senoo smiths, the Bicchu line that traces to Noritaka and stands apart from the main stream that signs with the character Tsugu. His recognized hand is the slender with high and pronounced , several still signed with the two-character . Over a that stands a little and carries , and the speckled the sources call , with and a -style or irregular , he sets a quiet temper: a or narrow base into which and enter, abundant and , well adhered, fine and , the tight, the running straight to a small . The published sources hold his work to resemble Masatsune yet to be more subdued and astringent, the old Bicchu manner shown plainly. The attributed to him repeats the ground and quiet , the attribution resting on , and the turnback.

Diagnostic discriminators

his hand is a quiet suguha-based temper carrying ko-midare and ko-choji, not the flamboyant choji-midare expected of the mainstream Aoe; the published sources read this calm as the old Bicchu manner, more subdued than Ko-Bizen Masatsune

unique vs Ko-Bizen baseline (no chirimen jifu ground)

unique vs Bizen baseline (katte-sagari / kiri yasurime)

Observation by phase

The signed slender tachi (his representative hand)

His representative record is the slender , several still in their original tang and signed with the two-character , others shortened yet keeping the high and strong of an old , finishing in a . The ground is a , in places standing a little and tending to , with and fine ; through it run the speckled the published sources name , patches of , and an that is sometimes a clear -style reflection, sometimes a quiet irregular or deep one. Over that ground the temper is deliberately calm: a or narrow base into which and are mixed, and entering well, the tight with , fine and in places. The runs straight to a small , at times with . On the 13th-session the published sources call the distinctive and the splendid, and name the blade one representative work of Masatsune.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The o-suriage mumei katana (attributed Ko-Aoe)

The other face of his record is the attributed to him, originally slender of high and . The ground is an mixed with , forged into the with and , adhering well so the grain stands a little. The temper is again a , here at times a wide , mixed with and , and entering, adhering, the running straight to a , sometimes with . Several carry a the sources note as a later addition. The published sources affirm these as work from the and , and on one say the in particular marks them as Masatsune; they call the work archaic and elegant.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record that smiths named Masatsune appear in both the Ko-Bizen and the Ko-Aoe lineages from the end of the Heian period through the Kamakura period, their workmanship broadly similar, and that within the Ko-Aoe line itself there were several Masatsune whose signing manner differs blade to blade. The Meikan places the first-generation Ko-Aoe Masatsune in Ken'ei, but because extant works descend no later than the end of Heian, the dating is left to future research, and one signed tachi was for this reason designated as a blade merely bearing a signature.

On his place in the school the published sources are explicit: Ko-Aoe Masatsune was a Senoo smith descended from Noritaka who formed a lineage separate from the main Ko-Aoe stream that uses the character Tsugu, and although his work resembles the Ko-Bizen Masatsune it is somewhat plainer, with an astringent, subdued taste; one shortened tachi reading only the first character is still appraised as his from the chirimen jihada and quiet suguha.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin3
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken11

Elite Standing

0.30 across 16 designated works

Top 8% among smiths

Provenance

9 documented provenances across certified works by Masatsune

Provenance Standing

5 works held in elite collections across 9 documented provenances

Top 19% among smiths

Raw score: 2.10 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 16 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 16 ranked works

Currently Available

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康次11designated
  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  10. 10.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  11. 11.Moritoshi守利9designated
  12. 12.Tsuguyoshi次吉16designated