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OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Ko-Aoe
  4. Yasutsugu

Aoe Yasutsugu

康次

Tokujū
Vol. 9, No. 24 · Tachi

Aoe Yasutsugu

康次

11 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraKenryaku (1211–1213)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan2,800(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYAS950
1Kokuhō
1Jūyō Bunkazai
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Gyobutsu
1Tokubetsu Jūyō4Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Yasutsugu (康次) of worked in the group in the early period, around the Kenryaku era (about 1211 to 1213), and is transmitted in the records as a son of Moritsugu. He is not the later Yasutsugu, whose name is written with different characters; he belongs instead to the old smiths who forged along the lower Takahashi river in the districts of Ko'i and Manju, the group the published sources count, from the late period to about the middle of , as . Among that group the names him a representative smith, together with Moritsugu, Sadatsugu and Tsunetsugu. His standing rests on two very different kinds of work under one hand. The everyday Yasutsugu is restrained, what the published commentary on his usual manner calls "a small -ba in which the adheres well" (同工の一般的な作風は小乱れ刃で小沸がよくついたもの). The famous Yasutsugu is the broad, flamboyant exception, of which the National Treasure long held in the Shimazu family is the type.

His characteristic hand is the quiet one. Over a of high with strong at the base, he tempers a very shallowly broken by , and a little . The tends subdued and sunk, with fine well attached, and entering frequently and playing here and there. The published sources describe this register as having, even within its plainness, a deep quiet elegance that shows the character, "a deep refinement within the subdued tone, presenting the characteristic flavor" (地味な中にも深い雅味をもつ古青江の特色). Against the contemporary blades, the commentary adds, the work reads "somewhat more restrained and austere in taste" (同時代の備前物に比べると幾分地味で渋い味わい). A distinct sub-manner runs the narrow, a repeatedly overlaid with in a -like effect, with the again well attached.

The is read first, for it carries the school. He forges mixed with , the grain standing a little, taking on the crepe-silk that is the , with patchy mixed in and clear appearing, the fine and a faint sometimes rising. On the more worked blades the reflection clarifies into a distinct . The runs or with a return, sometimes almost . The signature is itself a point and a school marker. Yasutsugu cuts a two-character low on the of an filed , below the and set toward the ; the published record notes that placing the signature on the is one of the things that "differs from and the like" (銘を佩裏に切るのも古備前などとは相違する). The chisel is generally fine. As Honma observed of the school, "for , the chisel of Yasutsugu's signature is not excessively thick" (康次の銘は古青江としてはさまで鑿が太くない), though on at least one shortened the two characters are cut large with a thick chisel at the , on the .

The two registers sit within essentially one manner. The signed pieces are the restrained and , kept on tangs with the two-character ; the published commentary calls an , signed by this smith precious, since most of what survives is shortened. The attributions hang on the second, flamboyant register: a wide worked with , and small , the widening toward the , the full of with and running freely. The published sources are explicit that this is where his name is anchored, that as the Shimazu National Treasure exemplifies, "unusually for work, Yasutsugu can at times be seen producing flamboyant workmanship rich in activity" (島津家伝来の太刀(国宝)に代表されるように古青江物としては珍らしく華やかで働きの多い出来), so that a blade carrying that brilliance is reasonably specified to him. One , greatly shortened, is attributed on exactly this reasoning, its broad notare-based temper rich in and reflection. The school itself the published sources place to about the middle of as , after which it turns toward the -based and saka-chōji of its masters; Yasutsugu sits at the early core of that line, read in the generation as Tsunetsugu, Tsugunao, Suketsugu and Kanetsugu.

What distinguishes him within his own group is read off his grounded traits, not by borrowing another smith's. The crepe-silk with its and is the that the published commentary names a principal point of interest of the tradition, and Yasutsugu shows it conspicuously; the subdued, sunk over fine is his calm temper; and the two-character signature in a fine chisel is the placement and hand by which his own blades are told. His masterwork sets the upper bound of the whole group. Of the Shimazu the published sources write that its -ba is "of a workmanship without parallel as , flamboyant" (古青江としては無類に大出来で華やか), a blade "ranked among the Tenka Go-, the long heirloom of the Shimazu family" (天下五剣の一に列する島津家重代の長寸の太刀) alongside the Dōjigiri Yasutsuna and the Ō-Denta. That a single early smith stands at once for the quiet base of the group and for its most celebrated exception is the whole of his standing.

Yasutsugu is Jō in Fujishiro's grading, with a Tōkō Taikan valuation near the top of the old smiths. The weight of designation behind his name is real but narrow: one National Treasure, one Important Cultural Property, one Important Art Object alongside a second of the , one and four , five blades across the and tiers. The provenance recorded against his work is distinguished, seven blades carrying a history through the Shimazu of the National Treasure , the Kuroda of who held the imposing , the Kikkawa and Yamauchi houses, the Imperial Family, and the Ōkura collections, his Important Art Object passing from the Ōkura Shūkokan to the Ōkura Cultural Foundation. Of recorded whereabouts two of his blades are held by public institutions, the Tokyo National Museum and the Ōkura Museum of Art, the rest in long-held private hands. His National Treasure and Important Cultural Property are patrimony, preserved and never traded; the few designated blades in private hands come to market only rarely, and a signed, by him is among the scarcer things an early- collector could encounter.

Kantei

essentially one Ko-Aoe manner in two registers: the prime, restrained suguha-with-ko-midare that is his rule and the school's quiet base, and the famous flamboyant register of wide ko-midare with choji and tobiyaki, rare for the old Aoe and represented by the National-Treasure Shimazu tachi, the manner on which the mumei attributions to him hang

Yasutsugu, transmitted as the son of Moritsugu and one of the representative smiths of in the early period (Kenryaku, about 1211-13). His base is the quiet : a broken by , and a little , with and entering frequently, the tending subdued and sunk with well attached, and a little playing. The steel is standing a little, taking on the crepe-silk the school is known for, with patchy and clear , the fine. The is or with a return. Against this restraint stands his most celebrated manner: a wide, flamboyant with , and , the rarest and most worked of the old hands, of which the National-Treasure Shimazu is the type. The signature is the school's own point, a two-character cut low on the of an -filed , generally in a fine chisel. He is the smith whose name carries both the quiet and the famous flamboyant exception.

Diagnostic discriminators

63% of his works

50% of his works

50% of his works · 2.0× vs his own flamboyant register

Observation by phase

Prime manner: the quiet Ko-Aoe suguha broken by ko-midare, early Kamakura

run from standard to slender with the high and fubari at the base, ending in a chu or small ; the signed pieces are with two-character , the attributed ones and . The is mixing , standing a little overall, with attached, mixed in and clear patches, taking on the crepe-silk the school is known for, a faint sometimes rising. The is a very shallowly undulating, broken by , and a little , and entering frequently, well attached and the generally sunk and subdued, playing here and there. The is or with a return. A distinct sub-manner runs the narrow as a with and . The is or with the steep filing, the two-character cut low on the below the , generally in a fine chisel.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
The flamboyant register: wide ko-midare with choji and tobiyaki, the famous exception— the mumei katana and tachi attributed to him, on which the hamon hardens wide with ko-midare, ko-choji, ko-gunome and tobiyaki, the work rich and varied against the school norm; the judges call this rare flamboyance of his hand the very reason the attributions hold, the National-Treasure Shimazu tachi being its type
Signed register: the restrained suguha / ko-midare of the niji-mei tachi— the signed two-character tachi, where the hamon stays in the school's quiet base, a suguha broken by ko-midare and ko-choji with the nioiguchi sunk; the judges note the mei is generally in a fine chisel, cut low on the haki-ura below the mekugi-ana toward the mune
Scholarship

Yasutsugu is transmitted as a Ko-Aoe smith of Bitchu, the son of Moritsugu, active about the Kenryaku era; the published sources state his usual manner is a ko-midare hamon well attached with ko-nie, while some pieces, like the National-Treasure tachi, mix choji into a flamboyant midare.

The judges name the school's nakago evidence explicitly for him: the o-sujikai filing is sharp and the two-character mei is cut on the haki-ura, all in keeping with the school's rules, the placement a point of difference from old Bizen.

Designations

Kokuhō1
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu2
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken4

Elite Standing

0.60 across 11 designated works

Top 4% among smiths

Provenance

11 documented provenances across certified works by Yasutsugu

Provenance Standing

5 works held in elite collections across 11 documented provenances

Top 12% among smiths

Raw score: 2.40 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 11 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 11 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Yasutsugu
Students (2)
  1. 1.Tsugutada次忠6designated
  2. 2.Tsunetsugu常次

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Naotsugu直次15designated
  3. 3.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  4. 4.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  5. 5.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  6. 6.Suketsugu助次15designated
  7. 7.Moritsugu守次9designated
  8. 8.Masatsune正恒16designated
  9. 9.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  10. 10.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  11. 11.Moritoshi守利9designated
  12. 12.Tsuguyoshi次吉16designated