Yasumitsu of worked in Province in the early period, around the Ōei era (1394–1428), the years in which a flourishing group of smiths revived after the slump of . The published sources call that group Ōei-, and they place Yasumitsu, with Morimitsu, at its head: "Yasumitsu, together with Morimitsu, stands as the twin pillars among the Bizen smiths of the early Muromachi period collectively termed Ōei-Bizen."1 Beside the two leading hands they name Iesuke, Tsuneie and Sanemitsu as lesser masters of the same circle. The school's ideal, the sources say, was a return to the Kamakura period, an aim visible in its revival of the tachi shape and of the chōjihamon that had fallen out of use under Nanbokuchō. He carries on the Osafune line of Nagamitsu and Kagemitsu, and his dated work runs densely through the Ōei years, the long signature Bishū Osafune Yasumitsu cut toward the mune with the date on the reverse.
His prime and most characteristic hand is a flamboyant one. Over an itame mixed with mokume, the grain standing, the temper rises into a large-pattern chōji-midare built on gunome whose base opens wide at the waist, the koshibiraki form the published sources treat as the school's own. Ashi and yō enter abundantly; the line is nioi-based with ko-nie, slight sunagashi and fine kinsuji playing through, tobiyaki scattering at times, the nioiguchi bright and clear. The bōshi enters midare-komi and turns back to a pointed, tongue-like tip, with hakikake brushed through it. This turnback is his signature feature and the school's: the sources single out "a bōshi whose tip becomes pointed, the characteristic form generally called the rōsoku-no-shin (candle-wick)." It is the trait by which Ōei-Bizen separates itself from the Kamakura revival its sugata and chōji otherwise evoke.
The jigane is the same throughout his work and is itself a kantei point: a standing itame thickly mixed with mokume, sometimes flowing, fine ji-nie adhering like dust and chikei-like dark lines entering, what the sources render as chikei-fū no kane. Across it stands a reflection, and the sources distinguish two kinds: a straight bō-utsuri or sugu-utsuri, and a midare-utsuri that they read as the more archaic, recalling late-KamakuraOsafune. Of one tachi the published commentary remarks that its utsuri is "not the bō-utsuri often seen in this period, but instead shows midare-utsuri."2 It is the standing, mokume-bearing itame, not the smoother Kamakurajigane, that the judges use to fix the attribution. A bō-hi, often with a paired soe-hi, is finished round above the machi, a school tell, and the koshimoto may carry bonji, a sankozuka-ken, or carved deity names.
Alongside the flamboyant midare the sources mark a second, calm hand. It is a chū- or hoso-suguha, the nioiguchi tight, bright and clear, faintly broken with ko-gunome and saka-ashi and frayed along the edge with hotsure and kuichigai-ba, the bōshi running straight to a ko-maru. The judges note this suguha hand is comparatively common in him, and more his than his fellow master's: "the suguha, it would seem, is found rather more in Yasumitsu than in Morimitsu."3 His signing follows the registers that scholarship uses to sort the generations. The corpus is overwhelmingly ubu and long-signed with an Ōei date; two-character mei are comparatively rare and tend to carry no date. Dated work survives from Ōei, Shōchō, Eikyō and Kakitsu, and the common reading takes the pieces dated after Shōchō as a second hand. The reference works place the Yasumitsu who styled himself Uemon-no-jō as the first generation, active in the Ōei years, count five generations of the name down to the end of Muromachi, and assign a Sakyō-no-suke working in the Eikyō and Bunan eras, the so-called Eikyō-Bizen, to the next, whose temper is smaller in pattern and judged a touch inferior; the strict division between the generations the sources leave open for further study.
Within the Ōei-Bizen pair the two masters share the school manner, and the working distinction a collector draws between them is a fine one the sources state in their own words. Of a midare whose teeth point at the head the commentary observes that this is "a hamon generally found rather more in Yasumitsu than in Morimitsu,"4 and the same is said of the calm suguha. His suguha can deceive: at a glance it recalls late-KamakuraOsafune, and where the nioiguchi sinks and saka-ashi enter it can evoke Aoe, the sources writing of one such blade that "it has tempered a suguha of tight nioiguchi, so as to suggest Aoe, yet this kind of workmanship is seen from time to time in Yasumitsu."5 The attribution settles back on him by the standing itame-mokumehada and the Ōei sugata. The religious carving he cuts at the koshimoto, bonji, the sankozuka-ken, names such as Hachiman Daibosatsu, is not his invention but an inheritance: "this is the carving tradition seen in Osafune work since Nagamitsu and Kagemitsu, and it is carried on down to Sue-Bizen."
Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō saku, and his work carries weight in the designation record: four of his blades are Important Cultural Properties and four are Tokubetsu Jūyō, with forty-three Jūyō beneath them, forty-seven in the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers together. He is Jō-jō saku and almost entirely signed, fifty-five signed pieces against none unsigned in the official record, and he left accomplished work in every form: tachi, katana, wakizashi, tanto, and even a rare ubu-signed great spear, the published sources noting that signed Ōei-Bizen spears are extremely scarce. His blades carry a distinguished provenance, twelve recording a history through the Yamauchi lords of Tosa, the Nabeshima, Maeda, Tōdō, Naitō and Akimoto houses, the Imperial Family, and the rōnin Horibe Yasubei (Taketsune) of the Akō affair. The Important Cultural Properties are held as patrimony and do not trade. Of recorded whereabouts his blades sit largely in shrines and museums, among them Atsuta Jingū, Ise Jingū, Nikkō Tōshōgū, the Yūtoku, Hayashibara and BizenOsafune sword museums, and the British Museum. A Yasumitsu in the Tokubetsu Jūyō or Jūyō tier is not wholly beyond reach, for the corpus is large for so prized a name, but the finest survive in held collections and one comes to open hands only from time to time, a landmark of early-MuromachiBizen when it does.
Kantei
One Oei-Bizen manner in Yasumitsu's own cast (a standing itame-mokume jigane carrying utsuri, worked in two hands), read in three registers. First the two hands the published sources name: a flamboyant koshibiraki-gunome and choji midare, his typical and prime work; and a calm chu/hoso-suguha that at a glance recalls Kamakura Osafune or Aoe. Second a signature register: long signatures (BishU Osafune Yasumitsu) carrying an Oei date, against bare two-character mei. Third a temporal/generation split that the published sources themselves draw: the dated Oei pieces are the shodai (Uemon-no-jo), while blades dated after Shocho (the Eikyo and Kakitsu nengo) are taken as a second generation (Sakyo-no-suke), the so-called Eikyo-Bizen, whose work is smaller in pattern and judged a touch inferior. The 康光 name continued five generations to the end of Muromachi; the NBTHK lumps the early line under this code while dating individual blades, and the corpus is overwhelmingly the Oei shodai.
Yasumitsu is, with Morimitsu, one of the twin pillars of Oei-Bizen, the workshop that revived Osafune at Bizen in the Oei era (1394-1428) after the Nanbokucho decline; the published sources repeatedly pair the two names and call them the school's leading hands. His ideal was a return to Kamakura: a tachi sugata and a chOji-bearing hamon that recall the Ichimonji and old Osafune at a glance. What is his own, and the school's, is a standing itame mixed thickly with mokume, a chikei-bearing jigane, a midare-utsuri or bo-utsuri, and above all a koshibiraki-gunome (a gunome whose base opens at the waist) mixed with choji into a flamboyant midare. The boshi turns back pointed, the tongue-like tip the published sources call a 'candle-wick' (ROsoku-no-shin), a defining Oei-Bizen feature. He works in two hands: the flamboyant koshibiraki-chOji midare and a calm suguha that can be mistaken for KamakuraOsafune. He is almost entirely signed and dated, the long signature 'BishU Osafune Yasumitsu' with an Oei nengo recurring across the corpus.
Diagnostic discriminators
腰開き互の目koshi-hiraki-gunome12
the prime Oei-Bizen tell and the heart of Yasumitsu's flamboyant hand: a gunome whose base opens wide at the waist, mixed with choji into a large-patterned midare, in 48% of his setsumei where the bare gunome root (shared school boilerplate) sits at 85%; the published sources name it the first feature separating the Oei-Bizen individuality from the Kamakura revival the sugata and choji evoke
尖って返る「ローソクの芯」の帽子rosoku-no-shin no boshi4
a pointed boshi appears in 63% of his setsumei; the published sources repeatedly single out the tongue-like pointed turnback, naming it the 'candle-wick' (rosoku-no-shin), as a great and defining Oei-Bizen feature, where the round ko-maru of his suguha hand is the alternative (40%)
乱れ映りmidare-utsuri12
the Oei-Bizen jigane is a standing itame thickly mixed with mokume (itame 98%, mokume 48%, hadatachi 60%), carrying chikei and a reflection; a midare-utsuri stands on 31% and a bo-utsuri/sugu-utsuri on 44%, the published sources contrasting the two and noting the midare-utsuri as the more archaic, recalling late-Kamakura Osafune. The standing mokume-bearing itame is what the judges use to separate Oei-Bizen from the smoother Kamakura revival it evokes
直刃は盛光よりは康光に多く、乱れの頭が尖るsuguha wa Morimitsu yori Yasumitsu2
the collector's working distinction within Oei-Bizen: the two masters share the school manner, but the published sources state in so many words that a midare whose teeth point at the head, and the calm suguha, are generally more Yasumitsu than Morimitsu; the suguha hand in particular they call 'rather Yasumitsu than Morimitsu'. (Morimitsu is not yet profiled; captured here only as the sources state the contrast.)
Observation by phase
The flamboyant hand: koshibiraki-gunome and choji midare, the candle-wick boshi
His typical and prime work. Over a standing itame mixed with mokume and some nagare, the ji carrying dust-fine ji-nie, fine chikei and a midare- or bo-utsuri, Yasumitsu tempers a koshibiraki-gunome (the gunome spreading at its waist) mixed with choji into a flamboyant, large-patterned midare. Ashi and yo run in abundantly, the line is nioi-based with ko-nie, fine sunagashi and kinsuji play through, tobiyaki sometimes scatter, and the nioiguchi is bright. The hamon often runs a touch saka (slanting) toward the base. The boshi turns midare-komi and points, the tongue-shaped tip the published sources liken to a candle-wick, frequently brushed with hakikake. A bo-hi, often with soe-hi, is finished round (maru-dome) above the machi, a school tell, and the koshimoto may carry bonji and a sankozuka-ken.
The calm hand: a chu/hoso-suguha recalling Kamakura Osafune
the suguha hand, comparatively common in Yasumitsu and (the published sources note) more his than Morimitsu's; on it the jigane is the same standing itame-mokume with bo-utsuri or a faint sugu-utsuri, but the line is a chu- or hoso-suguha with a tight, bright nioiguchi, faintly broken with ko-gunome and saka-ashi, that at first glance recalls late-Kamakura Osafune or even Aoe
Alongside the flamboyant midare the published sources mark a calm suguha as Yasumitsu's second hand, and note it is comparatively common in him and rather more his than Morimitsu's. The jigane is the same standing itame and mokume, hada showing, with a bo-utsuri or a faint sugu-utsuri standing along the ha. The line is a chu- or hoso-suguha, the nioiguchi tight and bright and clear, faintly broken with ko-gunome and saka-ashi, the edge sometimes frayed with hotsure or kuichigai-ba. The boshi runs sugu to a ko-maru. Several such blades the judges say recall late-KamakuraOsafune at a glance, or evoke Aoe in a sunken-nioiguchisuguha with saka-ashi; the attribution settles on Yasumitsu by the standing itame-mokume hada and the Oei sugata.
Signature register: the long Bishu-Osafune mei with an Oei date vs the bare two-character mei
the long signature 'Bishu Osafune Yasumitsu' (or six-character variants) with an Oei nengo on the ura, against the bare two-character 康光 mei; the published sources note two-character pieces are comparatively scarce and, oddly, the two-character blades tend to carry no date, while the long-signed ones are dated
Yasumitsu is overwhelmingly signed: the corpus is almost all ubu tang with a long signature, Bishu Osafune Yasumitsu, cut toward the mune side with an Oei nengo on the ura; the dated examples run densely from Oei 10 through Oei 33. Bare two-character mei are comparatively scarce and, the judges remark, tend to carry no date, where the long-signed blades are dated. The tachi are ubu, long, with a high koshizori and a touch of saki-zori; the wakizashi and tanto are hira-zukuri, broad and sunobi for their length with a shallow sori and thick kasane, the typical Oei体配. He left good work in tachi, katana, wakizashi and tanto alike, and even a rare ubu-signed great spear (o-yari).
Sugata 姿
寸延びsunnobi10重ね厚kasane atsu10腰反りkoshizori5
Scholarship
Yasumitsu carries Oei, Shocho, Eikyo and Kakitsu dates; following the common reading the pieces dated after Shocho are taken as a second generation, whose work is judged a touch inferior to the Oei first generation.4
The published sources count the 康光 name to five generations to the end of Muromachi, making the first Uemon-no-jo and a second Sakyo-no-suke active in the Eikyo era, the so-called Eikyo-Bizen, the strict division between generations still left for future study.1
Dated Works
Years he was demonstrably active, proven by signed-and-dated blades
Active period
1406–1423Editorial estimate: 1394–1428
12 of 42 designated works carry a date
14001430
1406
応永十三年Juyo session 33, item 107
1412
応永十九年Tokubetsu Juyo session 12, item 38
1413
応永廿年Juyo session 30, item 97source-ambiguous
1415
応永廿二年Juyo session 19, item 232
応永廿二年Juyo session 28, item 96
1416
応永廿三年Juyo session 17, item 168
1417
応永二十四年Juyo session 30, item 97source-ambiguous
1419
応永廿六年Tokubetsu Juyo session 4, item 35
応永廿六年Juyo session 30, item 98
1420
応永廿七年Juyo session 24, item 268
1422
応永廿九年Juyo session 26, item 210
1423
応永卅年Juyo session 46, item 105
応永卅年Tokubetsu Juyo session 17, item 46
Historical importance
Where Yasumitsu stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
随一
Foremost
Muromachi (Ōei)
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
All nihontōBizenKotō
著名
Notable
Select a lens to see how it's measured.
Designations
Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai4
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu3
Tokubetsu Jūyō4
Jūyō Tōken37
Elite Standing
0.37 across 49 designated works
Top 7% among smiths
Provenance
13 documented provenances across certified works by Yasumitsu
▸Imperial3
Shogunal—
▸Premier Daimyō1
▸Major Daimyō5
▸Other Daimyō1
Zaibatsu—
Institutions—
▸Named Collectors3
Provenance Standing
9 works held in elite collections across 13 documented provenances