説明

Antique Japanese Sword Katana Signed by Ryokai with Tokubetsu Hozon Certificate 【Description】 This blade was signed by Ryokai (了戒), who was active during the late Kamakura period in Yamashiro province (today’s Kyoto). This type of signature is called Orikaeshi Mei (折返し銘). It is often the case that the signatures were cut when adjusting the size of the blades. However, sometimes, Japanese swordsmiths folded the signature part and put it to the other side to preserve the signature. That is why the signature of this Katana looks upside down. It is said that he was a son of Rai Kuniyuki (来国行) and a younger brother of Rai Kunitoshi (来国俊). Both of them are renowned swordsmiths throughout Samurai history. Ryokai founded his own school, and the apprentices were allowed to use Ryokai in their maker’s names. Ryokai’s son was Ryokai Hisanobu, who took over the school. And his apprentice Ryokai Yoshisada also run the school after Hisanobu. However, Ryokai Yoshisada had to evacuate Yamashiro province during the late 14th century because the battle between the south emperor court and the north emperor court became severe. And as a result, Kyoto city was burnt (the late 1300’s). We called it the Nanbokucho war when the Japanese imperial court was separated into two. Ryokai Yoshisda managed to escape and arrive in Kyushu island at Tsukushi province (today’s Fukuoka prefecture), looking for better opportunities. And, Yoshisada founded Tsukushi Ryokai school there. Among Japanese sword experts, Ryokai school in Tsukushi province is called Tsukushi Ryokai to distinguish it from the Ryokai school in Yamashiro province. Yamashiro Den Yamashiro province was famous for its sword-making style called YAMASHIRO-DEN. YAMASHIRO-DEN’s origin dates back to the Heian period (794 A.D) when the capital city was moved from Nara to Kyoto. The swordsmiths in Yamashiro province initially prospered by forging swords for court nobles and imperial families. Later on, they also forged swords for feudal lords after Samurai military government took control of Japan. There are so many renowned swordsmiths from this region. It is said that the founder of YAMASHIRO-DEN was Sanjo Munechika. And there were four prestigious main branches in this region. They are Sanjo, Rai, Nobukuni, and Awataguchi. One of the characteristics of YAMASHIRO-DEN is its elegant design and beautiful Jigane (steel surface pattern). This blade represents a great trait of YAMASHIRO-DEN. It is appraised as a Tokubetsu Hozon Token (特別保存刀剣) issued by NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Touken Hozon Kyokai:日本美術刀剣保存協会). This authentication paper was only given to authentic Japanese swords, especially well preserved and high quality with artistic value. * Please keep in mind that there are a couple of Kitae Kizu on the blade. You will also find a minor Kitazu on the edge part. If you like to know the detailed condition, please feel free to contact us. 【Blade】 Cutting Edge Length(Nagasa) : 69.8 cm (27.4 inches) Curvature(Sori) : 2.0 cm (0.78 inches) Hamon : The crystalline structure which forms along the cutting edge of a blade as a result of the hardening process Jimon(Jihada) : visible steel surface pattern created by folding and hammering during forging process Kissaki : Kissaki is the tip of the Japanese sword. Nakago : Nakago is the tang of the Japanese sword. Japanese swordsmiths left the black rust on the tang because it prevents red rust while the tang is in its handle. And the discoloration of the tang was created over time, and it is a great indicator for a Japanese sword specialist to estimate when the sword was forged. Koshirae : Koshirae is the mounting of the Japanese sword. There are several parts that consist of Koshirae such as Saya (Scabbard), Tsuka (Handle), Tsuba (Handguard). Fuchi-Kashira : A pair of matching sword fittings that cover the upper and bottom parts of its sword hilt. Branches of paulownia (桐, Kiri) are designed on this Fuchi Kashira. The Kiri (桐) pattern is generally composed of three s

Antique Japanese Sword Katana Signed by Ryokai NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon Certificate
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Antique Japanese Sword Katana Signed by Ryokai NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon Certificate

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仕様

長さ

69.8 cm

反り

2 cm

作者について

Ryokai了戒

4 重要文化財4 重要美術品2 御物4 特別重要刀剣83 重要刀剣

山城国了戒は鎌倉末期の京の来の分派たる了戒派の祖で、現存する紀年銘に正応・永仁・嘉元・延慶があり、来国俊とほぼ同年代に活躍した。古来来国俊の子或は門人と伝えるが、説明書はこれら紀年銘が来国俊とほぼ同年代であることより、むしろ相弟子と見るのが自然とし、二字国俊と来国俊を別人とすれば二字国俊の子と考えるべきとする。いずれにせよ来の山城風を一段やわらげた手で、説明書は来との相違を「地刃がやや弱く感じられる」と明記する。藤代の極めで上作、了戒一門の出た頭領である。 説明書が彼に与える作風は穏やかである。板目あるいは小板目つみ、しばしば柾に流れてやや肌立ちごころとなる鍛えに、地沸微塵によくつき、地景細かに入り、一派の白け映りが立つ。刃文は穏やかな中直刃・細直刃で、処々小丁子・小互の目・小乱れを交え、小足・葉入り、京逆足を見せることもある。見どころは匂口で、締まって淋しく、処々うるみごころとなる。説明書は来との対比を「来国俊より一段と匂口が締まって刃中が淋しく、部分的にうるみごころを呈し」と記す。帽子は直ぐに小丸、しばしば掃きかける。 地こそ来から大和へ寄る相を示す。鍛えに柾気を交え、説明書は地に来国俊より柾気があって白け映りが立つとし、これが了戒を母体の来から分かつ第一の見どころである。来の明るい乱れ映り・地斑映りに対し、了戒はより淡く乾いた白けが立つ。優れた太刀では小板目つみ、地景・淡い地斑映りを見せて京の精緻を残し、尋常な刀では肌が柾に流れて白けがより強い。締まって冴える匂口の内に金筋・砂流し細かにかかり、刃縁僅かにほつれ・喰違刃を見せ、帽子は小丸に結ぶ。 遺例は一様の作風を二つの register に読む。在銘は細身の生ぶ太刀と短刀で、銘は棟寄りの第一目釘孔上に大振りの二字銘「了戒」を切る。太刀は腰反り高く小鋒に、短刀は内反りで重ね厚く、表に梵字・素剣、裏に護摩箸を彫るものがある。説明書はその在銘の短刀を全て完存にして「いかにも典雅である」とし、「了戒の代表作と称してよく」、「銘字も典型的である」と評す。いま一つの register、指定作の大半は大磨上無銘の刀で、輪反りと京風は一見来を想わせるが、締まって沈みうるむ匂口・流れる柾・白けより了戒と極む。子の久信との合作年紀作も少数遺り、地刃は父の直刃に近いが子の在銘は極めて稀である。 説明書が最も繰り返す相違は母体の来とのそれで、両者は一見紛れる。説明書は了戒が「まま来国俊に紛れるが」と記し、極めは一点でなく、やわらかな地刃・柾気・白け・うるむ匂口によって定まるとし、「匂口にうるみごころがあり、地に来国俊よりも柾気がある」とする。姉妹の延寿とも明快に分かれ、延寿が丸味の大きい大丸に返るのに対し、了戒は直ぐに小丸に結び、その直刃は延寿の明るい刃に対しうるむ。下っては了戒の名が数代続き、子の了久信が次代、南北朝〜室町期には九州に豊後・豊前の筑紫了戒が京の系統より出た。 了戒は今なお指定作に接しうるが数は少ない。公の指定記録では重要文化財二口、中に名高い秋田了戒の短刀があり、特別重要刀剣四口・重要刀剣八三口、特重と重刀を併せ八七口を数える。重要文化財は永く伝えられて取引されることなく、指定作の多くは東京国立博物館・佐野美術館・物部神社などの公私の旧蔵に蔵され、戦前の重要美術品は前田家などに録される。ある太刀には「宮本武蔵佩刀との伝え」が残り、諫早・伊達・前田の各家を経た作もある。所在の知られる作のうち市に現れるのは特重・重刀の級に限られ、それも稀で、わけても在銘生ぶの了戒太刀・短刀は、京鎌倉物を蒐める者が接しうる最も稀な部類で、出会いには時を要する。

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