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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Rai
  3. Ryokai
  4. Hisanobu

Ryokai Hisanobu

久信

Jūyō
Vol. 38, No. 5 · Tachi

Ryokai Hisanobu

久信

5 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraTokuji (1306–1308)PeriodKamakuraSchoolRai>RyokaiTraditionYamashiro-denFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeHIS92
5Jūyō Tōken

Overview

On a long-signed dated Kagen 2 (1304) the smith cut his full name and personal title, Kuro-zaemon-no-jo Hisanobu, and that single inscription fixes much of what is known of him. Ryo Hisanobu, signing Ryo-Hisanobu, was the son of the founder of the Ryokai school of Yamashiro and the second generation of that line, working at the very end of the period on the dated evidence of his surviving blades, the year-signatures Kagen, Tokuji and Engyo placing him almost level with his father at the turn of the fourteenth century. The Ryokai school stood among the recognized offshoots of the great workshop of Kyoto, and the published sources describe Hisanobu as carrying his father's hand on with little change. He is rated Jo-jo in the reference texts, a high standing for so little-recorded a smith, and his work survives in a handful of designated blades, signed and attributed, by which his manner can be read.

His is the quiet Yamashiro of the Ryokai line. Over a forging of or that flows toward and stands a little open, the carries dust-fine and the school's whitish , which on the slenderer blades rises in a straight band from the before spreading up the . The temper is a calm chu- or , or a mixing small with a few and , the tightening and clouding into in places, with and entering, a faint fraying of along the and fine , the closing straight into a small . The first the published sources call an offering that well displays the characteristics of the Ryokai school, the phrase 「了戒一派の特色がよく表示された出来口」 standing as a fair summary of his hand.

The is the foundation of the recognition. Across every one of his blades the whitish stands in the , the inherited Ryokai tell that separates the line from the parent, in whose work it is essentially absent. The leans toward , the Yamato-ward drift of this offshoot, so that the surface stands and flows where the packed stays smooth, clinging dust-fine and an occasional running. In the the calm shows minute work, and entering thickly on the best pieces, the clouding softly, an occasional or drifting across, a little showing low on one . On his finest attributed the published sources praise the abundant and , the good and the finely worked together, judging it a particularly fine example among his attributed work with the words 「同工極め中にあって特に優品といえる」.

The small body of his designated work divides into two registers. The first is his rare signed survivals, and carrying a three-character Ryo-Hisanobu toward the above the , and the one long-signed dated giving the full personal name; one is carved with and on the and and on the , the late- Kyoto manner. The published sources call the signed precious as one of the few in- works of this smith, and well preserved, its hand recalling the father, 「作風は父了戒を想わせるような出来口」. The second register is blades attributed to him on the reading, one an of well-made , one an slightly high in the . Signed work is described again and again as extremely few, which is why his year-signed and dated pieces carry such documentary weight, one of them called of very high reference value as one of the scarce in- works of this smith, 「数少ない同工の有銘の作として資料価値は頗る高い」.

The is drawn against two near neighbours. The first is Kunitoshi, the parent of the line, against whom the published sources resolve one of his directly: the , and other changes at the -border of his fine read a degree quieter and lonelier than Kunitoshi, the calm narrow line still showing minute activity, the verdict 「来国俊に比してやや蕭然たるもの」, with the running straight into a settled , so that the Hisanobu attribution is correctly affirmed. The and more marked, the tighter and the whole calmer, these are the points that part him from . The second neighbour is the father himself, from whom Hisanobu is separated less by any feature than by the signature, since signed work of the son is rarer still; a plain Hisanobu is at a glance easily taken for the father's, and a soft Kunitoshi for either of them. His single most consequential blade is the dated that, by giving his personal name, established his zokumyo as Kuro-zaemon and through it showed that an earlier nationally designated , once read as the father's sole work, is in fact a joint work of father Ryokai and son Hisanobu.

Hisanobu has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties of his own, and none of his recorded blades is locked permanently out of private hands; his standing is that of a scarce but genuinely collectable name. Five of his blades are on the official designation record, all at the tier, and the published sources lean on his year-dated work and on outside documents to fix his place, the Tokuji 3 in the Tokugawa Art Museum carrying the inscription 「了戒子息久信作」 that confirms him as Ryokai's son. No provenance owners are recorded for his designated blades, whose whereabouts of record run to private collections across several prefectures. A signed Hisanobu, and with its intact, is among the scarcer things a collector of late- Yamashiro work could hope to encounter, coming to light only from time to time and prized as documentary evidence as much as for itself; a or attributed to him appears a little more readily, and it is on these, with their and clouding read against the quieter line, that his hand is most often met. The published sources close on one such blade as a calm fine that yet shows minute work, 「静閑な細直刃ながらも微細な働きをみせる」, a deep and savoured offering, which is as fair a verdict on the smith as on the blade.

Kantei

One coherent Ryokai-son manner, almost indistinguishable from the founder's quiet suguha, read in two registers: rare signed ubu blades carrying a two- or three-character mei (or one long dated signature), and osuriage mumei katana attributed to him on the same hand. The collector need is two contrasts: against Rai Kunitoshi, the parent of the line, whose ji and ha run a degree brighter and busier, and against the father Ryokai, from whom Hisanobu is separated less by feature than by the year-signature itself, since signed Hisanobu is rarer still.

Ryo Hisanobu, signing Ryo-Hisanobu and with the personal name Kuro-zaemon-no-jo, is the son of the Ryokai founder and the second generation of the Ryokai school of Yamashiro, working at the very end of on the dated evidence of his blades (Kagen, Tokuji, Engyo, c. 1303 to 1311). His hand is his father's hand carried on with little change: a packed or that flows toward and stands a little open, dust-fine and the school's whitish in the , hardened in a quiet chu- or that mixes small with a few and , the tightening and clouding into in places, and entering, the fraying faintly into with fine , and the closing into a . The published sources fix the against Kunitoshi, the parent of the line: the and read a degree quieter and lonelier than Kunitoshi, the and more marked. Signed work survives only very rarely, so his designated record runs to a handful of in- and and to attributed to him on this reading; on one long-signed dated the published sources also resolved his personal name and corrected an older designation, showing that an earlier Important Cultural Property is a joint work of father Ryokai and son Hisanobu, not the father alone.

Diagnostic discriminators

the whitish shirake-utsuri stands in the ji of every one of his blades, the inherited Ryokai tell separating the line from the Rai parent, where Rai has essentially none; on the slenderer pieces it begins as a sugu band from the machi and spreads up the ji

来国俊に比してやや蕭然たる刃境Rai Kunitoshi ni hi shite yaya shozen taru hazakai

the explicit kantei the published sources draw against the parent of the line: the ko-gunome, hotsure and other changes at the ha-border of his fine suguha are more subdued and lonelier than Kunitoshi's, the whole calmer; this, with the shirake and masame, settles Hisanobu over Rai

the suguha clouds into urumi in places, the inherited Ryokai softening of the nioiguchi that runs well above the Rai rate; the published sources name it together with the ko-gunome and hotsure as a recurring point of his fine suguha

masame mixed into the itame, the Yamato-ward lean of this Rai offshoot, running far above the Rai rate; on his blades the itame stands and flows toward masame, the ji a degree more open than the packed Rai ji

the boshi closes sugu into a ko-maru almost without exception, the school habit held in common with the father; on his blades it occasionally returns a little long or sweeps lightly, the only small variation on the inherited sugu ko-maru

Observation by phase

The Ryokai-son manner: the quiet suguha with shirake-utsuri and masame-lean

Over a packed or that flows toward and stands a little open, the carries dust-fine , fine in places and the school's whitish , which on the slenderer blades rises in a band from the before spreading up the . The temper is a quiet chu- or , or a mixing small with a few and , the tightening and clouding into in places, ko-ash and entering thickly on the best pieces, forming, the fraying faintly into and a little , fine and an occasional or running. The closes into a , on one blade returning a little long, on another lightly swept. Against Kunitoshi, the parent of the line, the published sources set the difference: the changes at the -border read a degree quieter and lonelier than Kunitoshi, the and more pronounced, the whole calmer.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Signed ubu register (the rare in-mei tachi and kodachi)

ubu blades carrying a two- or three-character mei (Ryo-Hisanobu) set toward the mune above the mekugi-ana, one tachi instead carrying a long dated signature with the personal name; the tachi slender to broad with a high koshizori, the kodachi in a strong wa-zori with a small kissaki, one tachi carved with bonji, suken and gomabashi

His signed survivals run to slender and , the a three-character Ryo-Hisanobu set toward the above the , and to one long-signed dated giving the full personal name. The keep a high , one broad and long and stately, the in a strong wa-zori toward a small , late- Kyoto shapes; one is carved with and on the and and on the . The published sources call the signed precious as one of the few in- works of this smith, well preserved and , its hand recalling the father. Signed examples are described again and again as extremely few.

Sugata 姿

Mumei osuriage register (attributed on the hand)

osuriage or ubu mumei blades attributed to Hisanobu on the packed ko-itame, the shirake-utsuri, the urumi suguha and the sugu ko-maru boshi; the attribution settled against Rai Kunitoshi by the quieter, lonelier ha-border

Part of his designated record is blades given to Hisanobu, one an of well-made called a fine example among his attributed work, one an , slender with a slightly high . On both the is a packed with the whitish , the temper a or fine mixing a little , the clouding, the to a . The published sources resolve the second against Kunitoshi, the changes at the -border quieter and lonelier than Kunitoshi, the calm fine still showing minute activity, and confirm the Hisanobu attribution as correctly judged.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

His dating rests on the year-signed survivals, Kagen, Tokuji and Engyo, which put him almost level with his father at the close of Kamakura.

A long-signed dated tachi of Kagen 2 carries his personal name, by which the published sources establish that his zokumyo is Kuro-zaemon and, through it, that an earlier Important Cultural Property tachi once read as the father's sole work is in fact a joint work of father Ryokai and son Hisanobu.

The Tokugawa Art Museum naginata carries the signature reading that Hisanobu is Ryokai's son, dated Tokuji 3, an inscription the published sources cite as confirming the relationship.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken5

Elite Standing

0.03 across 5 designated works

Top 25% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 5 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 5 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Hisanobu
Student
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