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Description

This is a katana made by Enju Kunitoki during the Kamakura period. The blade is mumei with a Honami Koson attribution and has been awarded NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon papers. It comes with a Kai Gunto koshirae and is in full polish, showing wonderful condition for its age.

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Enju Kunitoki

Enju Kunitoki Katana with Kai Gunto Koshirae

mumei · Enju · Kamakura · nagasa 70.6cm · sori 1.4cm

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Katana
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Measurements & details
Smith
Enju Kunitoki
Type
Katana
School
Enju
Period
Around 1275–1278(Kenji)
Signature
Unsigned(57% of this smith's designated works are signed)
Measurements
Nagasa 70.6cmSori 1.4cmMotohaba 3cmSakihaba 2.1cmKasane 0.7cm
Description

This is a katana made by Enju Kunitoki during the Kamakura period. The blade is mumei with a Honami Koson attribution and has been awarded NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon papers. It comes with a Kai Gunto koshirae and is in full polish, showing wonderful condition for its age.

About the maker

Kunitoki

國時

Enju (Higo) · Higo · around 1275-1278

1 piece on the market now

›

Kunitoki is a smith of the Higo Enju school, working in the Kikuchi district of Higo Province at the very end of the Kamakura period and into the Nanbokuchō. The published sources set the school's origin plainly: "the founder of the Higo Enju school was Kunimura"[[c:1]], a man recorded as a grandson of Rai Kuniyuki of Kyōto. From that Yamashiro descent the line takes its temperament, working broadly in the Rai manner and noted for skill in suguha. Around Kunimura a cluster of named smiths arose almost at once, Kunitoki, Kuniyoshi, Kunisuke, Kunitai and Kuninobu, and Kunitoki is counted among the first generation, traditionally given as Kunimura's son or younger brother. Two of his signed tachi are Important Cultural Properties, one held at Kakegawa Shrine in Kōchi and one at the Wakayama Tōshō-gū, and a third signed tachi survives ubu with its two-character mei, so his is one of the better-documented hands in a school whose members the judges otherwise find hard to tell apart.

His characteristic work is read on a slender tachi or an ō-suriage katana of standard proportions, the surviving signed tachi keeping a high koshi-zori, a ko-kissaki, and a thick chisel cut into the ubu tang. The temper is the constant: a suguha base, most often a chū-suguha, into which small gunome and ko-gunome enter, with ashi and yō, ko-nie well laid, and on the signed tachi a slight tendency toward nijūba. It is a quiet line by intention. The published commentary draws the school's hand as close to its Yamashiro parent but more reserved, observing that "compared with Rai work the jigane and hamon are somewhat weaker"[[c:2]] and that the suguha commonly carries little activity and a subdued nioiguchi. Against that baseline one blade stands out, the signed tachi transmitted in the Date family, which the judges single out because "within the suguha the gunome are frequently prominent"[[c:3]] and the internal activity is comparatively rich.

The jigane carries the school's signature as surely as the temper. Over a well-packed ko-itame that tends to flow, at times mixing in ō-hada, lie fine chikei and ji-nie, and across the jigane stands a whitish shirake-utsuri rather than the bright clove reflection of Bizen. This cooler, mistier reflection is the Enju jigane, the feature the school carries down from its Rai-Yamashiro line, and it appears on his signed and his attributed work alike. Where the forging tightens into a closely knit ko-itame with thick ji-nie the result is, in the words of one entry, unmistakably well made. Over that jigane the bōshi runs straight to a small round and returns shallowly, with faint sunagashi on the calmer pieces.

His record divides cleanly by register. The signed work, the ubu Date-family tachi and the gold-inlaid katana, carries his personal touches, the frequent gunome riding the suguha, and on the tachi a devotional carving program, bonji set above a soe-hi beside the bōhi. The other face is the ō-suriage mumei katana attributed to him as a representative Enju hand, dignified in shape, deep in nioi with thick ko-nie, the nioiguchi subdued. On the gold-inlaid Jūyō katana, inscribed in kinzogan with his name and a futatsu-dō cutting test, the judges affirm the workmanship as a typical Enju style of the late Kamakura yet caution that "there are, on the contrary, no decisive points by which it should be determined as Kunitoki"[[c:4]]. The name itself continued through successive generations into the Muromachi period, so the generation of a given blade is read from its make rather than its signature.

What sets the Higo Enju Kunitoki apart from his neighbours is exactly what the published sources name. He is held apart from the brighter, stronger Yamashiro hand of true Rai by the cooler shirake-utsuri and the somewhat softer jigane and hamon the judges describe; his temper, they write, is the kind that "tends toward a subdued impression." Yet within his own school, where the smiths share a quiet suguha and little individual character, his comparatively abundant gunome and ashi give him a recognizable place, and the published commentary calls one of his mumei katana a chū-suguha "reminiscent of the Rai school"[[c:5]]. He stands among the founding generation of a Kyūshū line that carried the Yamashiro manner south, a calm and well-forged hand at the head of the Higo tradition.

For the collector he is a rare early Higo name with a clear documentary trail. He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through two Important Cultural Properties, a tachi at Kakegawa Shrine and a tachi at the Wakayama Tōshō-gū, the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, and a small number of Jūyō blades, signed, gold-inlaid and mumei. Several pieces carry daimyō and connoisseur provenance: a signed tachi transmitted in the Date family, accompanied by a gold okukakeji kenuki-gata tachi mounting, and an ō-suriage katana with a Hon'ami Kōchū origami of Kyōhō 6 valuing it at 700 kan. His blades are now preserved in long-held collections and public institutions, the Sano Art Museum among them. Only three of his works fall in the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers, so a signed Higo Enju Kunitoki comes to light only seldom, and a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the Rai manner took root in Kyūshū.

Historical importance

Where Kunitoki stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.

随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
著名
Notable

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Designation record
7 designated works
Jūyō Bunkazai
2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2
Jūyō
3
1 work by Kunitoki on the market→
Kunitoki — full profileEnju (Higo) school

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About the school

Enju

延寿

Yamashiro-den · Higo

24 pieces on the market now

›

Among the provincial lines that carried the Kyoto manner beyond Yamashiro, the Enju (延寿) school of Higo province grew up at Kumafu in the Kikuchi District, working from the close of the Kamakura period through the Nanbokuchō era. Its founder, Tarō Kunimura, is transmitted in the prevailing account as the son of Hiromura of the Yamato Senjuin line, who married a daughter of Rai Kuniyuki of Yamashiro; by that marriage Kunimura is held to be Kuniyuki's grandson in the female line and a pupil of the Rai workshop (one early text instead places him in the gate of Rai Kunitoshi). The school name reads on the same characters as the Rai line itself, and from that double descent, Yamashiro through the Rai marriage and Yamato through the Senjuin side, the family took its character. Around the founder a cluster of named smiths arose almost at once, Kuniyoshi, Kunitoki, Kuniyasu, Kunitomo, Kunisuke, Kuninobu and Kunitsuna among them, the Enju line attached to the Kikuchi clan and loyal to the Southern Court, so that the dated blades carry that history in their Southern-Court eras. The published sources describe Enju work as one that broadly resembles the Rai school[[c:1]], refined in suguha yet cooler and whiter than its Kyoto parent, and they name the provincial accents by which the two are separated. The forging is an itame or closely packed ko-itame that flows toward the edge into masame, the grain standing a little, with fine ji-nie laid on and delicate chikei entering; over it rises a whitish shirake-utsuri, the surest single Enju tell, the cool reflection of a Kyushu steel that is not quite the bright Rai jigane. The temper is a chū-suguha or narrower hoso-suguha, the nioiguchi carried somewhat shizumi (sunken and quiet), often breaking into nijūba, the doubled line that recurs across the line; ko-ashi, yō, ko-nie, fine sunagashi and kinsuji play within it, the activity gentler than the brighter Rai suguha. The bōshi turns back on a larger radius than Rai's tight ko-maru, a shallow ō-maru with a short kaeri.

The signature is a tool of attribution: across the line the right half within the kuni (国) enclosure is cut in an ear-shaped form, a calligraphic habit the sources say cannot be confused with another school. Against true Rai, the school is read by its masame-lean, its whitish utsuri, its sinking nioiguchi and its quieter internal work, the ji and ha running a degree softer than the Yamashiro line. To kantei an Enju blade is to weigh those provincial accents against the Rai air it carries: a wheel-like wa-zori and Kyoto refinement may recall the parent at a glance, but the nagare in the ji, the shirake-utsuri, the subdued nioiguchi and the ear-shaped kuni settle the attribution, and the level of the work then narrows it to a hand. The founder Kunimura sets the quiet register and signs the slender, sharply tapering tachi the sources call distinctive even within the school; among the later smiths, Kunitoki survives in relative number and runs his suguha the busiest with ko-gunome and kinsuji, Kuniyasu is the most nie-laden and brightest, Kunisuke cuts the boldest chisel and hardens a unique flaming bōshi on his wide pieces, while Kuniyoshi, Kuninobu and the various other Kuni- smiths work the same vocabulary, the best of them refining the steel to a clarity that escapes the school's whitish thinness. The corpus runs mostly to slender signed tachi and to ō-suriage mumei katana attributed on appraisal, with broad sunobi tantō in the Nanbokuchō phase, the work confined to long blades in the founder's case. Provenance is unusually grand for a provincial line: blades pass through Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu and rest in the Hosokawa, Date, Uesugi, Owari and Mito Tokugawa houses, with examples held today by the Sano, Tokugawa, Seikadō and other institutions. A signed ubu Enju tachi is among the rarer encounters in Higo work; most survive as the mumei attribution, held as heritage rather than offered. Learn more →

17 recorded smiths241 designated works
Leading smiths
SmithEraDesignated
Kunimura國村1275-127815
Kuniyasu國泰1329-133116
Kunitoki國時1317-135332
Kunisuke國資1346-137022
Kunitoki國時1275-12787
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Historical context

Yamashiro in the Kamakura period

›

Power sat in Kamakura, but taste was still made in Kyōto. The Awataguchi school’s pear-skin steel became a byword for perfection, and the Rai line supplied dignified tachi to the court, senior warriors, and the great temples alike.

Yamashiro in the Kamakura period →

NBTHK Certificate
Tokubetsu Hozon Tōken特別保存刀剣
Sword Especially Worthy of Preservation
›

A Hozon-certified blade judged to show notably superior workmanship and a better state of preservation. The bar is higher: re-tempered blades and most unsigned Muromachi/Edo works are excluded.

About the NBTHK›

The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.

NBTHK official site→
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Description

This is a katana made by Enju Kunitoki during the Kamakura period. The blade is mumei with a Honami Koson attribution and has been awarded NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon papers. It comes with a Kai Gunto koshirae and is in full polish, showing wonderful condition for its age.

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Swords›Yamashiro-den›Enju›Kunitoki›Enju Kunitoki Katana with Kai Gunto Koshirae
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Enju Kunitoki

Enju Kunitoki Katana with Kai Gunto Koshirae

mumei · Enju · Kamakura · nagasa 70.6cm · sori 1.4cm

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Enju Kunitoki — 17 of 18
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Enju Kunitoki — 1 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 2 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 3 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 4 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 5 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 6 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 7 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 8 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 9 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 10 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 11 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 12 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 13 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 14 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 15 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 16 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 17 of 18Enju Kunitoki — 18 of 18
Enju Kunitoki (國時) · Enju · Kamakura1 work for sale →
Katana
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Measurements & details
Smith
Enju Kunitoki
Type
Katana
School
Enju
Period
Around 1275–1278(Kenji)
Signature
Unsigned(57% of this smith's designated works are signed)
Measurements
Nagasa 70.6cmSori 1.4cmMotohaba 3cmSakihaba 2.1cmKasane 0.7cm
Description

This is a katana made by Enju Kunitoki during the Kamakura period. The blade is mumei with a Honami Koson attribution and has been awarded NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon papers. It comes with a Kai Gunto koshirae and is in full polish, showing wonderful condition for its age.

About the maker

Kunitoki

國時

Enju (Higo) · Higo · around 1275-1278

1 piece on the market now

›

Kunitoki is a smith of the Higo Enju school, working in the Kikuchi district of Higo Province at the very end of the Kamakura period and into the Nanbokuchō. The published sources set the school's origin plainly: "the founder of the Higo Enju school was Kunimura"[[c:1]], a man recorded as a grandson of Rai Kuniyuki of Kyōto. From that Yamashiro descent the line takes its temperament, working broadly in the Rai manner and noted for skill in suguha. Around Kunimura a cluster of named smiths arose almost at once, Kunitoki, Kuniyoshi, Kunisuke, Kunitai and Kuninobu, and Kunitoki is counted among the first generation, traditionally given as Kunimura's son or younger brother. Two of his signed tachi are Important Cultural Properties, one held at Kakegawa Shrine in Kōchi and one at the Wakayama Tōshō-gū, and a third signed tachi survives ubu with its two-character mei, so his is one of the better-documented hands in a school whose members the judges otherwise find hard to tell apart.

His characteristic work is read on a slender tachi or an ō-suriage katana of standard proportions, the surviving signed tachi keeping a high koshi-zori, a ko-kissaki, and a thick chisel cut into the ubu tang. The temper is the constant: a suguha base, most often a chū-suguha, into which small gunome and ko-gunome enter, with ashi and yō, ko-nie well laid, and on the signed tachi a slight tendency toward nijūba. It is a quiet line by intention. The published commentary draws the school's hand as close to its Yamashiro parent but more reserved, observing that "compared with Rai work the jigane and hamon are somewhat weaker"[[c:2]] and that the suguha commonly carries little activity and a subdued nioiguchi. Against that baseline one blade stands out, the signed tachi transmitted in the Date family, which the judges single out because "within the suguha the gunome are frequently prominent"[[c:3]] and the internal activity is comparatively rich.

The jigane carries the school's signature as surely as the temper. Over a well-packed ko-itame that tends to flow, at times mixing in ō-hada, lie fine chikei and ji-nie, and across the jigane stands a whitish shirake-utsuri rather than the bright clove reflection of Bizen. This cooler, mistier reflection is the Enju jigane, the feature the school carries down from its Rai-Yamashiro line, and it appears on his signed and his attributed work alike. Where the forging tightens into a closely knit ko-itame with thick ji-nie the result is, in the words of one entry, unmistakably well made. Over that jigane the bōshi runs straight to a small round and returns shallowly, with faint sunagashi on the calmer pieces.

His record divides cleanly by register. The signed work, the ubu Date-family tachi and the gold-inlaid katana, carries his personal touches, the frequent gunome riding the suguha, and on the tachi a devotional carving program, bonji set above a soe-hi beside the bōhi. The other face is the ō-suriage mumei katana attributed to him as a representative Enju hand, dignified in shape, deep in nioi with thick ko-nie, the nioiguchi subdued. On the gold-inlaid Jūyō katana, inscribed in kinzogan with his name and a futatsu-dō cutting test, the judges affirm the workmanship as a typical Enju style of the late Kamakura yet caution that "there are, on the contrary, no decisive points by which it should be determined as Kunitoki"[[c:4]]. The name itself continued through successive generations into the Muromachi period, so the generation of a given blade is read from its make rather than its signature.

What sets the Higo Enju Kunitoki apart from his neighbours is exactly what the published sources name. He is held apart from the brighter, stronger Yamashiro hand of true Rai by the cooler shirake-utsuri and the somewhat softer jigane and hamon the judges describe; his temper, they write, is the kind that "tends toward a subdued impression." Yet within his own school, where the smiths share a quiet suguha and little individual character, his comparatively abundant gunome and ashi give him a recognizable place, and the published commentary calls one of his mumei katana a chū-suguha "reminiscent of the Rai school"[[c:5]]. He stands among the founding generation of a Kyūshū line that carried the Yamashiro manner south, a calm and well-forged hand at the head of the Higo tradition.

For the collector he is a rare early Higo name with a clear documentary trail. He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through two Important Cultural Properties, a tachi at Kakegawa Shrine and a tachi at the Wakayama Tōshō-gū, the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, and a small number of Jūyō blades, signed, gold-inlaid and mumei. Several pieces carry daimyō and connoisseur provenance: a signed tachi transmitted in the Date family, accompanied by a gold okukakeji kenuki-gata tachi mounting, and an ō-suriage katana with a Hon'ami Kōchū origami of Kyōhō 6 valuing it at 700 kan. His blades are now preserved in long-held collections and public institutions, the Sano Art Museum among them. Only three of his works fall in the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers, so a signed Higo Enju Kunitoki comes to light only seldom, and a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the Rai manner took root in Kyūshū.

Historical importance

Where Kunitoki stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.

随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
著名
Notable

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Designation record
7 designated works
Jūyō Bunkazai
2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2
Jūyō
3
1 work by Kunitoki on the market→
Kunitoki — full profileEnju (Higo) school

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About the school

Enju

延寿

Yamashiro-den · Higo

24 pieces on the market now

›

Among the provincial lines that carried the Kyoto manner beyond Yamashiro, the Enju (延寿) school of Higo province grew up at Kumafu in the Kikuchi District, working from the close of the Kamakura period through the Nanbokuchō era. Its founder, Tarō Kunimura, is transmitted in the prevailing account as the son of Hiromura of the Yamato Senjuin line, who married a daughter of Rai Kuniyuki of Yamashiro; by that marriage Kunimura is held to be Kuniyuki's grandson in the female line and a pupil of the Rai workshop (one early text instead places him in the gate of Rai Kunitoshi). The school name reads on the same characters as the Rai line itself, and from that double descent, Yamashiro through the Rai marriage and Yamato through the Senjuin side, the family took its character. Around the founder a cluster of named smiths arose almost at once, Kuniyoshi, Kunitoki, Kuniyasu, Kunitomo, Kunisuke, Kuninobu and Kunitsuna among them, the Enju line attached to the Kikuchi clan and loyal to the Southern Court, so that the dated blades carry that history in their Southern-Court eras. The published sources describe Enju work as one that broadly resembles the Rai school[[c:1]], refined in suguha yet cooler and whiter than its Kyoto parent, and they name the provincial accents by which the two are separated. The forging is an itame or closely packed ko-itame that flows toward the edge into masame, the grain standing a little, with fine ji-nie laid on and delicate chikei entering; over it rises a whitish shirake-utsuri, the surest single Enju tell, the cool reflection of a Kyushu steel that is not quite the bright Rai jigane. The temper is a chū-suguha or narrower hoso-suguha, the nioiguchi carried somewhat shizumi (sunken and quiet), often breaking into nijūba, the doubled line that recurs across the line; ko-ashi, yō, ko-nie, fine sunagashi and kinsuji play within it, the activity gentler than the brighter Rai suguha. The bōshi turns back on a larger radius than Rai's tight ko-maru, a shallow ō-maru with a short kaeri.

The signature is a tool of attribution: across the line the right half within the kuni (国) enclosure is cut in an ear-shaped form, a calligraphic habit the sources say cannot be confused with another school. Against true Rai, the school is read by its masame-lean, its whitish utsuri, its sinking nioiguchi and its quieter internal work, the ji and ha running a degree softer than the Yamashiro line. To kantei an Enju blade is to weigh those provincial accents against the Rai air it carries: a wheel-like wa-zori and Kyoto refinement may recall the parent at a glance, but the nagare in the ji, the shirake-utsuri, the subdued nioiguchi and the ear-shaped kuni settle the attribution, and the level of the work then narrows it to a hand. The founder Kunimura sets the quiet register and signs the slender, sharply tapering tachi the sources call distinctive even within the school; among the later smiths, Kunitoki survives in relative number and runs his suguha the busiest with ko-gunome and kinsuji, Kuniyasu is the most nie-laden and brightest, Kunisuke cuts the boldest chisel and hardens a unique flaming bōshi on his wide pieces, while Kuniyoshi, Kuninobu and the various other Kuni- smiths work the same vocabulary, the best of them refining the steel to a clarity that escapes the school's whitish thinness. The corpus runs mostly to slender signed tachi and to ō-suriage mumei katana attributed on appraisal, with broad sunobi tantō in the Nanbokuchō phase, the work confined to long blades in the founder's case. Provenance is unusually grand for a provincial line: blades pass through Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu and rest in the Hosokawa, Date, Uesugi, Owari and Mito Tokugawa houses, with examples held today by the Sano, Tokugawa, Seikadō and other institutions. A signed ubu Enju tachi is among the rarer encounters in Higo work; most survive as the mumei attribution, held as heritage rather than offered. Learn more →

17 recorded smiths241 designated works
Leading smiths
SmithEraDesignated
Kunimura國村1275-127815
Kuniyasu國泰1329-133116
Kunitoki國時1317-135332
Kunisuke國資1346-137022
Kunitoki國時1275-12787
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Historical context

Yamashiro in the Kamakura period

›

Power sat in Kamakura, but taste was still made in Kyōto. The Awataguchi school’s pear-skin steel became a byword for perfection, and the Rai line supplied dignified tachi to the court, senior warriors, and the great temples alike.

Yamashiro in the Kamakura period →

NBTHK Certificate
Tokubetsu Hozon Tōken特別保存刀剣
Sword Especially Worthy of Preservation
›

A Hozon-certified blade judged to show notably superior workmanship and a better state of preservation. The bar is higher: re-tempered blades and most unsigned Muromachi/Edo works are excluded.

About the NBTHK›

The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.

NBTHK official site→
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