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  1. Schools
  2. Enju
  3. Kunisuke

Enju Kunisuke

國資

Tokujū
Vol. 7, No. 49 · Wakizashi

Enju Kunisuke

國資

22 ranked works

ProvinceHigoEraShohei (1346–1370)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolEnjuTraditionYamashiro-denGeneration1stFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1211
1Jūyō Bunkazai
4Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Tokubetsu Jūyō16Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kunisuke worked at Kumafu in Kikuchi District of Province, a leading hand of the school across the close of the period and into the . By tradition he was a son of the founder Taro Kunimura, who is recorded as a grandson through a daughter of Kuniyuki of Yamashiro, so that Kunisuke stands as the second generation of a lineage that carried the Yamashiro idiom south to the provinces. His activity is fixed by a dated Karyaku 2 (1327), one of the rare dated pieces of a school in which year-marked work is scarce. The published sources read the school as one broad manner with little individual variation, and within that uniformity they return repeatedly to a single judgment about Kunisuke: surveying the surviving works, the writes, one perceives that he was "a smith of considerable skill even within the lineage" (かなりの腕利きであった), ranked with Kunitoki and Kuniyasu among its strongest smiths. The name is recorded as continuing two or three generations into , the technique declining as it descends, and the treats the line under one head.

What distinguishes Kunisuke within an otherwise even school is the abundance of activity in his . Where the school's temper is a quiet chu- or with calmer internal work, his is the busiest hand of the line: a base that frequently takes and somewhat angular , with abundant , vigorous , and , the at times sinking and at times brightening. The published sources mark the difference as a matter of degree rather than kind. Of one the observes that its runs "more violently than usual" (常よりも一段と砂流しがはげしく), its pointed, and judges the result uncommon within the school. Above this busy temper sits the feature the judges name as his alone: on his wide, and , the is hardened deep and breaks into a violent flame, rising and pointing back, the taking a form. Of the the published record states plainly that this deeply tempered, fierce flaming is "without parallel even among this smith's own work and within the school" (同工および同派の中でも類がない).

The forging is a packed or that flows toward , mixed at times with , and on his wider pieces the grain stands a little, the tendency answering the liveliness of the . Across the lie dust-fine , applied thickly, and fine that enter well, over which the school's pale rises. The of his quieter blades closes into a or a large-radius with a shallow turnback, often with at the tip. Against the parent school the published sources fix the differences precisely: the -lean and the whitish steel, the tending toward , the calmer internal activity, and the larger, shallower-returning . These are the named recognition points of , and Kunisuke shows them all, the standing a degree more than his profiled siblings.

His surviving work falls into two registers. The first is the active manner of the phase: wide, and , read as from their broad bodies and stretched length, carrying the busy and the flaming described above. The second is a quieter register of slender with deep and small , and whose deep arc-like preserves a Kyoto air. Of one such , finely packed in with bright , the writes that its workmanship "closely recalls Kyo-mono" (京物に似通う作域), so that the attribution to the technically accomplished Kunisuke is fully persuasive. On certain of his the judges note an unusual thing for the line: the temper construction is the one usually seen on the school's . His signature is itself a point. Among all smiths he cuts the boldest two-character , set close and "with the thickest chisel within the school" (同派の中でも最も太鏨にきり); and where most of the line cuts the right element inside the enclosure in an ear-shaped manner, in Kunisuke that tendency is not conspicuous.

Kunisuke is read within the school less by a different kind of work than by degree, and the published sources place him by his proximity to . The states the point the whole school turns on: that the work "at a glance can resemble Kunimitsu and the like" (一見来国光などに見える), which the judges take as corroboration of the tradition that the founder Kunimura was a pupil of Kunitoshi. His own preservation of that Kyoto air on the slender and the closes the lineage from the side, while the busy and the unique flaming mark the distance the school had travelled by his generation. A few of his blades carry the school's documentary curiosities: a signed on the , rare for the line, and another whose cut-off signed tang-tip was reset as a when the blade was shortened. Among the Enju hands the judges set him with Kunitoki and Kuniyasu at the head of the line, the standing , the busiest and the flaming of his wide pieces marking him out within a school that otherwise reads as one manner.

Fujishiro grades Kunisuke Jo-jo . Seventeen of his blades stand in the and tiers, one as a Bijutsuhin, and the survival of , signed examples is itself prized in the published descriptions, the more so where the dated anchors his chronology. The provenance against his name is unusually grand for a provincial smith: blades passing through Toyotomi Hideyoshi and Tokugawa Ieyasu, and held in the Hosokawa, Date, Uesugi and Tokugawa houses. The Tayasu Tokugawa carries a history written out by Count Tokugawa Satotaka in 1919: Hideyoshi bestowed it on Takenaka Uneme, it passed to Ieyasu, then to the Mito Tokugawa as an heirloom of Yorifusa, and finally to the Tayasu branch under Munetake. Of his designated works of recorded whereabouts, examples are held by the Sano Art Museum, the Seikado Bunko Art Museum, the Tokugawa Art Museum and Oyamazumi Jinja. For a private collector a Kunisuke is among the more attainable of the names, since most survive in the tradeable and tiers; even so the great majority are held, not traded, and a signed and dated example, or one of the flaming- pieces, comes to market only rarely.

Kantei

The Enju manner shows little individual variation, so Kunisuke reads as one school hand differentiated by degree, not kind. Three things are read together: the shared Enju core (shirake-utsuri, masame-lean, the Kyoto-derived suguha, the large shallow-turnback boshi); a flamboyant register of wide sunobi wakizashi and tanto with an active ha and the school's most violent flaming boshi (Nanbokucho); and a quieter register of slender ubu tachi and mumei osuriage katana on which the Rai/Kyoto air persists. His thick-chisel two-character mei, cutting the 国 enclosure without the ear-shaped right stroke the rest of the line favors, is a signature-level discriminator.

Kunisuke is by tradition a son of the founder Kunimura, a leading hand of the Higo Enju school that flourished at Kikuchi-gun Waifu from the close of Kamakura into Nanbokucho; a dated tanto of Karyaku 2 (1327) fixes his activity, and the name is recorded as passing down two or three generations into Muromachi (the NBTHK lumps them under one head). The published sources repeatedly rank him among the most accomplished smiths of the line, with Kunitoki and Kuniyasu. He works the common Enju manner -- the Rai Yamashiro look transplanted to the provinces: a packed itame/ko-itame flowing toward masame, carrying fine ji-nie, chikei and the school's whitish shirake-utsuri, hardened in a chu- or hoso-suguha. What sets Kunisuke apart within an otherwise uniform school is the abundance of activity in his ha -- a suguha that frequently takes ko-gunome and angular gunome, with thick sunagashi, kinsuji and a standing, somewhat lively ji -- and, on his wide sunobi wakizashi and tanto, a deep, violently flaming boshi the judges call unmatched in the whole Enju school. His thick-chiseled two-character mei is the boldest in the line.

Diagnostic discriminators

焼深く火焰風に乱れ込む帽子yaki-fukaku kaen-fu no boshi

5% of his works

刃中の働きの豊かな直刃(小互の目・角互の目・砂流し)hachu no hataraki yutaka na suguha

where the founder's suguha runs quietest (sunagashi 13%, gunome 19%), Kunisuke's is the most active hand in the line -- gunome 64%, notare 50%, sunagashi 50%; one mumei katana is judged 'more violently sunagashi than usual, the gunome pointed... rare within the school'

his ji stands more than any profiled Enju sibling -- 肌立ち 41% against Kunitoki 11%, Kuniyasu 6%, the founder 13% -- the board-grain less perfectly packed, a livelier ground that matches his livelier ha

最も太い二字の太鏨銘・「国」字に耳形を見せずfuto-tagane no niji-mei, mimigata o mizu

a signature-level discriminator the judges name twice: among all Enju smiths Kunisuke cuts the thickest chisel (太鏨), the two characters set close; and where most of the line cuts the right side of the 国 enclosure ear-shaped (耳形), in Kunisuke this is not conspicuous

Observation by phase

The shared Enju manner: Rai transplanted to Higo (shirake-utsuri, masame-lean, the Kyoto suguha)

Over a packed itame or ko-itame that flows toward masame, mixed at times with mokume, the ji carries dust-fine ji-nie, fine chikei and the school's whitish shirake-utsuri. The temper is a chu- or hoso-suguha, the nioiguchi a little subdued, with ko-ashi, yo and ko-nie; the boshi closes sugu into a komaru or a large-radius o-maru with a shallow turnback. Against the parent Rai school the published sources fix the differences as the masame-lean, the shirake, the somewhat sunk nioiguchi and the larger, shallower boshi -- the school's named points of recognition. Kunisuke shows all of these.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The active register: wide sunobi wakizashi and tanto with the flaming boshi

wide-bodied, sunobi wakizashi and tanto of the Nanbokucho phase, on which the ha grows busy and the boshi flames deeply; the published sources call this deep-tempered flaming boshi unmatched in the whole Enju school

His wide, sunobi wakizashi and tanto -- read as Nanbokucho from the broad body and stretched length -- carry far more activity than the school norm. A shallow ko-notare base takes ko-gunome, angular gunome and waist-open gunome, abundant nie, sunagashi, nie-suji and yubashiri, the nioiguchi at times sinking. Above all the boshi is deeply tempered and breaks into a violent flame: it rises and points back, the omote flaming, and the published sources state plainly that this flaming boshi has no parallel in Kunisuke's own work or in the Enju school at large. This is his single most distinguishing manner.

Sugata 姿
先反り
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The quiet register: slender ubu tachi and mumei osuriage katana (the Kyoto air)

slender ubu tachi with a deep koshizori and small kissaki, and osuriage mumei katana whose deep wa-zori and packed ko-itame recall Rai/Kyoto work; the bright chu-suguha and shirake settle the attribution to Enju and the high skill to Kunisuke. On several the tachi carries the hamon usually seen on the school's tanto

His slender ubu tachi keep a deep koshizori, conspicuous taper and a small kissaki -- the elegant old-tachi shape -- and the mumei osuriage katana preserve a deep wa-zori and a Kyoto air that recalls Rai at first glance. Here the chu-suguha runs bright and clear, mixed with a little ko-notare and ko-gunome, ko-ashi and yo entering, with fine kinsuji and sunagashi and small yubashiri; the boshi runs sugu and burns out (yakizume) or turns in a small komaru with a short kaeri. The judges note that some of these tachi carry the hamon construction usually found on the school's tanto, an uncommon thing in the line. The bright nioiguchi and the finely-packed ko-itame are repeatedly singled out as the merit that narrows the attribution to Kunisuke.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

A dated tanto of Karyaku 2 (1327) fixes his Kamakura-end activity; year-dated works are scarce in the Enju line, so it is a valued document.

A naginata-naoshi bears its signature on the haura, unusual for the school, and another long blade preserves its cut-off signed tang-tip reset as a gakumei from the shortening.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin4
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken16

Elite Standing

0.34 across 22 designated works

Top 7% among smiths

Provenance

11 documented provenances across certified works by Kunisuke

Provenance Standing

7 works held in elite collections across 11 documented provenances

Top 16% among smiths

Raw score: 2.19 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 22 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 22 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Kunisuke
Student
  1. 1.Kunisuke國資

Enju School

Other artisans of the Enju school

  1. 1.Kunimura國村15designated
  2. 2.Kuniyasu國泰17designated
  3. 3.Kunitoki國時1 for sale32designated
  4. 4.Kunitoki國時7designated
  5. 5.Kuniyoshi國吉1 for sale22designated
  6. 6.Kuninobu國信7designated
  7. 7.Kunishige國重2designated
  8. 8.Koreyoshi是吉1designated
  9. 9.Kunimoto國元1designated
  10. 10.Kuniie國家1designated
  11. 11.Kunitsuna國綱2designated
  12. 12.Kunifusa國房2designated