Rai Kuniyuki

國行

126 ranked works

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TokujūVol. 24, No. 4 · Katana

Overview

Kuniyuki was, in the words the published sources return to again and again, the de facto founder of the school of Yamashiro, working in the mid period. None of his own blades carries a production date, but the two-character Kunitoshi, transmitted as his son, left a dated Koan 1 (1278), and on that footing the published sources affirm the usual reckoning that places Kuniyuki around the Shogen and Bun'o years. He stands at the head of the line the late- Yamashiro tradition would be built upon, and his signed survive in comparatively large numbers while a single reliable is all that is known, exactly as for that same Kunitoshi.

The shape of his is not one thing. The published sources describe a range that runs from slender, orthodox builds to broad, powerfully made blades, with the point typically tied off in an manner. The signed, pieces keep a high, wheel-like curvature and a small point of real grace; the great mass of the surviving work is and unsigned, wide in the body with a thick , and even after shortening it holds a deep and a weighty, dignified bearing that reads at once as mid .

The is the constant. It is a finely forged , at times carrying , and a little , worked until it is dense and refined; over it the lies thickly in minute particles, fine enter, and a rises that in places shades toward a . The steel is strong and clear, and the bright, refined forging that the connoisseur reads as - is the first thing the eye should settle on. This is the calm, lustrous on which everything else is staged.

Over that Kuniyuki tempers a wide, -toned rather than the full of contemporary . Into it he mixes , , small and squared-off elements, so that the temper is complex and changeful, opening only on occasion into a wide, large-patterned ; and enter densely, often as the Kyoto-style , the runs deep and bright, attaches thickly, and and move through the body of the . At the crests of the undulations small and sometimes gather into a or gan-mata figure, and may appear above. It is a temper of restraint and activity at once, the activity carried in the rather than in the height of the pattern.

The is where his hand is most easily misjudged. It is not a plain . A is indeed the most frequent turnback, but it is most often drawn out by , the brushed of the point continuing the work of the below; the published sources describe a that vigorously brushes and that turns back in a small round with a slightly pointed tendency. In many blades it falls into a with a pointing tip, at times genuinely pointed, at times burned through in a manner. A reading that names only the small round and the irregular turnback misses the swept tip that so often accompanies it, and for recognition the belongs in the first rank of his traits beside the itself.

For a founder of his rank the named histories are heavy. A signed descended in the Kuroda family of and carries an of Genroku 14 (1701) by Kochu valuing it at one thousand , with Goto fittings on its mounting; another blade passed through the Shimazu family of Satsuma; signature variants are read against a piece formerly in the Ogasawara collection, and his blades reach into the Tokugawa houses as well. His work numbers a National Treasure and fifteen Important Cultural Properties, the latter including two signed at Kunozan Toshogu and others held at Isaniwa Shrine, Sakura Shrine, the Tokugawa Art Museum and the Fujita Museum. Within the published catalogues his and entries together run to roughly a hundred, a count that places him among the very highest of the Yamashiro masters and makes a freely tradeable example a genuine rarity.

Honors

享保名物帳Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (Catalog of Celebrated Blades)

Recorded (meibutsu Fudō Kuniyuki; burned section)

The family's catalog of celebrated blades (名物) presented to shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in Kyōhō 4 (1719). Records ~274 blades of – manufacture (168 extant + ~80 burned + ~26 later additions), grouped by smith with valuations and provenance. This honor tags smiths whose work is recorded in the catalog; the detail field carries per-smith counts where the published tally is exact, or 所載 + named blades where only inclusion is verified.

Historical importance

Where Rai Kuniyuki stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.

随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
著名
Notable

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Designations

Kokuhō1
Jūyō Bunkazai15
Jūyō Bijutsuhin11
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō20
Jūyō Tōken79

Elite Standing

Kantei

Provenance

Blade Forms

Distribution across 126 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 126 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Other artisans of the Rai school

  1. 1.Kunitoshi國俊99designated
  2. 2.Kunimitsu國光3 for sale262designated
  3. 3.Kunitsugu國次2 for sale65designated
  4. 4.Kunitoshi國俊3 for sale193designated
  5. 5.Mitsukane光包15designated
  6. 6.Kunizane國眞26designated
  7. 7.Kunihide國秀7designated
  8. 8.Kunimune國宗1designated
  9. 9.Tomokuni倫國6designated
  10. 10.Kunisue國末1designated
  11. 11.Kunitake國武1designated
  12. 12.Mitsushige光重2designated

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