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Overview·Kantei·Honors·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiHonorsDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Rai
  3. Kuniyuki

Rai Kuniyuki

國行

Tokujū
Vol. 24, No. 4 · Katana

Rai Kuniyuki

國行

125 ranked works

享保名物帳
ProvinceYamashiroEraShogen (1259–1260)PeriodKamakuraSchoolRaiTraditionYamashiro-denGeneration1stFujishiroSai-jo saku(Supreme Work)Toko Taikan2,000(top 2%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1925
1Kokuhō
16Jūyō Bunkazai
11Jūyō Bijutsuhin
20Tokubetsu Jūyō77Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kuniyuki was, in the words the published sources return to again and again, the de facto founder of the school of Yamashiro, working in the mid period. None of his own blades carries a production date, but the two-character Kunitoshi, transmitted as his son, left a dated Koan 1 (1278), and on that footing the published sources affirm the usual reckoning that places Kuniyuki around the Shogen and Bun'o years. He stands at the head of the line the late- Yamashiro tradition would be built upon, and his signed survive in comparatively large numbers while a single reliable is all that is known, exactly as for that Kunitoshi.

The shape of his is not one thing. The published sources describe a range that runs from slender, orthodox builds to broad, powerfully made blades, with the point typically tied off in an manner. The signed, pieces keep a high, wheel-like curvature and a small point of real grace; the great mass of the surviving work is and unsigned, wide in the body with a thick , and even after shortening it holds a deep and a weighty, dignified bearing that reads at once as mid .

The is the constant. It is a finely forged , at times carrying , and a little , worked until it is dense and refined; over it the lies thickly in minute particles, fine enter, and a rises that in places shades toward a . The steel is strong and clear, and the bright, refined forging that the connoisseur reads as - is the first thing the eye should settle on. This is the calm, lustrous on which everything else is staged.

Over that Kuniyuki tempers a wide, -toned rather than the full of contemporary . Into it he mixes , , small and squared-off elements, so that the temper is complex and changeful without ever becoming a clamorous ; and enter densely, often as the Kyoto-style , the runs deep and bright, attaches thickly, and and move through the body of the . At the crests of the undulations small and sometimes gather into a or gan-mata figure, and may appear above. It is a temper of restraint and activity at once, the activity carried in the rather than in the height of the pattern.

The is where his hand is most easily misjudged. It is not a plain . A is indeed the most frequent turnback, but it is most often drawn out by , the brushed of the point continuing the work of the below; the published sources describe a that vigorously brushes (盛んに掃きかける) and that turns back in a small round with a slightly pointed tendency (先小丸やや尖りごころに返る). In many blades it falls into a with a pointing tip (帽子は小さく乱れ込み、先尖りごころ), at times genuinely pointed, at times burned through in a manner. A reading that names only the small round and the irregular turnback misses the swept tip that is in fact the dominant feature, and for recognition the belongs in the first rank of his traits beside the itself.

For a founder of his rank the named histories are heavy. A signed descended in the Kuroda family of and carries an of Genroku 14 (1701) by Kochu (本阿弥光忠) valuing it at one thousand , with Goto fittings on its mounting; another blade passed through the Shimazu family of Satsuma; signature variants are read against a piece formerly in the Ogasawara collection, and his blades reach into the Tokugawa houses as well. His work numbers a National Treasure and many Important Cultural Properties, and within the published catalogues his and entries together run to roughly a hundred, a count that places him among the very highest of the Yamashiro masters and makes a freely tradeable example a genuine rarity.

Kantei

the Rai founder: a choji/gunome midare (and broad suguha) over a refined ko-itame

Kuniyuki is the founder of the school of Yamashiro, and the smith who gave it its character. His hand joins refinement to a fuller temper: a and , at times a broad , in with and , over a tight, beautiful with a faint .

Diagnostic discriminators

57% of his works

90% of his works

63% of his works

65% of his works

Observation by phase

The founding Rai manner

A tight, beautiful and with thick , fine and a faint carries a and , at times a broad , in deep with , and ; the a that commonly draws , at times with and a touch of pointing.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

His earliest work is closer to Awataguchi; the name is the head of the Rai line.

Honors

享保名物帳Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (Catalog of Celebrated Blades)

Recorded (meibutsu Fudō Kuniyuki; burned section)

The family's catalog of celebrated blades (名物) presented to shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in Kyōhō 4 (1719). Records ~274 blades of – manufacture (168 extant + ~80 burned + ~26 later additions), grouped by smith with valuations and provenance. This honor tags smiths whose work is recorded in the catalog; the detail field carries per-smith counts where the published tally is exact, or 所載 + named blades where only inclusion is verified.

Designations

Kokuhō1
Jūyō Bunkazai16
Jūyō Bijutsuhin11
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō20
Jūyō Tōken77

Elite Standing

0.97 across 125 designated works

Top 2% among smiths

Provenance

41 documented provenances across certified works by Kuniyuki

Provenance Standing

16 works held in elite collections across 41 documented provenances

Top 4% among smiths

Raw score: 3.17 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 125 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 125 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Kuniyuki
Students (4)
  1. 1.Kunitoshi國俊84designated
  2. 2.Kunitoshi國俊5 for sale208designated
  3. 3.Kunimura國村15designated
  4. 4.Tomokiyo友清

Rai School

Other artisans of the Rai school

  1. 1.Kunitoshi國俊84designated
  2. 2.Kunitoshi國俊5 for sale208designated
  3. 3.Kunimitsu國光4 for sale269designated
  4. 4.Kunitsugu國次2 for sale65designated
  5. 5.Mitsukane光包15designated
  6. 6.Kunizane國眞1 for sale26designated
  7. 7.Kunihide國秀7designated
  8. 8.Tomokuni倫國5designated
  9. 9.Kunisue國末1designated
  10. 10.Mitsushige光重2designated
  11. 11.Kunitake國武1designated
  12. 12.Kunimune國宗1designated