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Overview·Kantei·Honors·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
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  1. Schools
  2. Rai
  3. Kunimitsu

Rai Kunimitsu

國光

Tokujū
Vol. 10, No. 5 · Katana

Rai Kunimitsu

國光

269 ranked works

享保名物帳
ProvinceYamashiroEraKaryaku–Kannō (1326–1351)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolRaiTraditionYamashiro-denGeneration1stTeacherKunitoshiFujishiroSai-jo saku(Supreme Work)Toko Taikan1,800(top 3%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN557
3Kokuhō
21Jūyō Bunkazai
23Jūyō Bijutsuhin
6Gyobutsu
29Tokubetsu Jūyō187Jūyō Tōken

Overview

The dated works of Kunimitsu (来国光) run from Karyaku 1 (1326) to 'o 2 (1351), carrying the school of Yamashiro from the close of the period into the early period. By the prevailing tradition he is transmitted as a son of Kunitoshi, by some accounts a pupil, and the published sources observe that the smith with the most surviving works in the school is Kunimitsu himself. Their constant judgment reaches further: he is "the most versatile smith of the school, the one with the widest working range" (来派の中で最も作域の広い器用な刀工). The notes enumerate that range: beyond the traditional true of the Kyoto line, there are works on a base mixing and , works in with a slight tendency, works in a tone mixed with , and works whose is dominated by , spread across , and of equally varied form.

His most numerous work is the wide, robust , unsigned yet keeping the deep, evenly arched curvature the published record calls , the often a little extended. On these blades the temper is a or within which and stand apart; and enter thickly, and the runs deep, bright and clear. adheres richly, and fine pass through the , and the is with a turnback. The conspicuous presence of within the is the recognition point the sources state outright, the feature that separates his hand from Kunitoshi and Kuniyuki; of one such the writes that these features "clearly manifest the characteristic traits of Kunimitsu."

The is constant beneath all of his manners: a tightly packed under thick, dust-fine , with fine woven in and a standing in the , the steel bright and clear. Here and there a softer patch of appears, the so-called -, which the record treats as a tell of the school rather than a fault. On the Karyaku 2 dated the notes describe the near the taking on a -like appearance, entering as though drooping down toward the tempered edge, an aspect frequently encountered not only in his work but throughout the group.

His carry the two poles of the range most plainly. The small ones with , often bearing the simple, skillful and carvings the record calls most frequent in his work, follow the father so closely, down to the hardening over the , that they pass at first sight for Kunitoshi; a slender blade of this class is read as early work. The large ones run wide, and nearly without , and on them he tempers his , mixed with or -dominant patterns, in a step stronger than on his ; these, the sources write, resemble the work of his junior fellow pupil Kunitsugu, being "tinged with the color of the tradition and filled with bold spirit" (相州伝的色彩をおびて覇気に満ちている). The dated Karyaku 2 (1327) shows the manner already formed, and the largest of the class is the Aratami (新身来). The signatures follow the forms: "on the is comparatively small" (太刀は比較的に小銘であり), cut low on the tang toward the , while on a bold three-character is placed below the ; his character for , the record adds, is cut in a form differing from that used by Kunitoshi. A chronology of the is established: those of the Karyaku and Gentoku years have a softness, the enclosing component characteristically rounded, while those of Jowa and 'o harden and the enclosure turns angular. The long working span and these changes of style and signature sustain an argument for a first and a second generation, which the Kokon Kaji Meizukushi divides around Gentoku to Kenmu and around Koei; yet the single-generation view remains strong, and the published sources leave the question as one that should await further study.

Set beside his father, the judges' formula is exact: compared with Kunitoshi he yields a little in the point of dignity, but gives the impression of surpassing him in force (迫力では優る感がある). His runs somewhat stronger, and the in the together with the and in the lend the work its vigor. Beside Kuniyuki he lacks the elder smith's expansiveness: the sits a shade tighter, crowd in, and the tends toward a point. The wide can pass at a glance for Kunitsugu, and there the record draws the line in a single sentence: against Kunitsugu his hardening sits a touch lower, and in the sharp with its thrusting tendency (突き上げ気味のするどい帽子) the individuality of this smith can be discerned. Even his standard can momentarily suggest the offshoot; of one such blade the notes say it can at first glance be confused with , but on careful examination proves a step superior. With Kunitsugu he carries the -tinged manner that closes the mainline into the period.

Fujishiro grades him Sai-jo , and 249 designated works stand on record: three National Treasures and twenty Important Cultural Properties, preserved as patrimony in museums, shrines and long-held collections, with twenty-three Bijutsuhin and 197 blades in the and tiers beneath them. Signed and unsigned works survive in nearly equal numbers, the mostly and , the largely and signed. Fifty-seven blades carry recorded provenance, and the roll is of the first rank: a the record calls "a worn by Ieyasu, treasured in the Tokugawa house together with the Honjo Masamune" (徳川家では本庄正宗と共に大事にされた家康佩用の太刀である); heirlooms of the Kishu, Owari and Mito Tokugawa, the Date of Sendai, the Maeda of , and the Kuroda, Shimazu, Asano, Hosokawa, Ikeda and Satake houses, with pieces from the Imperial Family; among the appraisals that follow them is an of Genroku 3 (1690) by Kotsune valuing one Owari Tokugawa blade at 500 . Holders recorded against his blades today include the Tokyo National Museum, the Kyoto National Museum, the Tokugawa Art Museum, the Sano Art Museum and the Seikado Bunko Art Museum. For the private collector he is not wholly beyond reach: blades in the and tiers remain in private hands and one appears on the market from time to time, though for a name of this rank such an appearance is infrequent, and an event when it comes.

Kantei

3 style manners (classic suguha / suguha+ko-gunome katana register / nie-strong Soshu-leaning midare) x form registers (tachi nearly always suguha with small mei; tanto in both manners with large mei)

Kunimitsu, by tradition the son of Kunitoshi, works from the end of into early (dated pieces from 1326 to 1351) and is held to be the most versatile hand of the school. Three manners: the classic Kyoto inherited from his father; the dominant register of wide whose base carries conspicuous and ; and a -strong with coloring, closest to Kunitsugu, at its strongest on his large . Throughout, a packed with thick and .

Diagnostic discriminators

the stated kantei point: the ko-gunome standing out in the suguha separates him from Kunitoshi and Kuniyuki; on mumei katana it reaches 51%

likened to Rai Kunitsugu on 7 blades, never contrasted; vs Kunitsugu the yakiba is a touch lower and the boshi thrusts up sharply. Notare runs 29% vs Kunitoshi's 16%

the Rai jigane: packed ko-itame under thick ji-nie with nie-utsuri, 68% on his ubu signed pieces; Soshu masters show almost none (Sadamune 8%)

stated outright: on tachi the mei is comparatively small, on tanto a large sanji-mei below the mekugi-ana; Karyaku and Gentoku mei are soft with a rounded kuni enclosure, Jowa and Kan'o mei harden and square

Observation by phase

Classic Rai suguha (the Kunitoshi inheritance)

tachi (suguha on 77% of tachi, signed small near the mune) and small uchizori tanto

The traditional true of the Kyoto school: fine with thick , fine and a clear ; or with small , at times a tightened , closing in a . Small in this manner, often carved with and , are mistaken at first sight for his father Kunitoshi, down to the hardening over the ; a slender of this class is read as early work.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Suguha base with conspicuous ko-gunome and ko-choji (the dominant katana register)

osuriage mumei katana (wa-zori on 34% of katana vs 0% of tanto; suguha on 92% of mumei blades)

His most numerous work: wide, robust that keep a deep ring-shaped wa-zori, the often extended. Over a packed with dust-fine , the or base mixes , and ; and enter thickly, the deep, thick, with , -like , and , the with a turnback. The standing out within the is the stated recognition point against Kunitoshi and Kuniyuki.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Nie-strong midare with Soshu coloring (the Kunitsugu side)

large sunnobi tanto and ko-wakizashi, mostly ubu and signed (notare on 42% of tanto vs 22% of katana); attested from the dated Karyaku 2 (1327) tanto, and the wide Kunitsugu-like tanto are read as late work

mixed with , or -dominant , in strong with and , the at times carrying . On the large, wide, nearly -less the of and is a step stronger than on the , full of vigor, and the judges read it as - color, the closest manner to his junior fellow pupil Kunitsugu. Against Kunitsugu the sits a touch lower and the thrusts up sharply.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

Dated works run from Karyaku 1 (1326) to Kan'o 2 (1351).

The long span and the change of style and mei sustain a one-smith vs two-generation debate; the Kokon Kaji Meizukushi splits the first generation at Gentoku to Kenmu and the second at Koei.

A mei chronology is established: Karyaku and Gentoku signatures are soft with a rounded kuni enclosure; Jowa and Kan'o signatures harden and the enclosure squares.

Honors

享保名物帳Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (Catalog of Celebrated Blades)

Catalog 5 (5 total)

The family's catalog of celebrated blades (名物) presented to shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in Kyōhō 4 (1719). Records ~274 blades of – manufacture (168 extant + ~80 burned + ~26 later additions), grouped by smith with valuations and provenance. This honor tags smiths whose work is recorded in the catalog; the detail field carries per-smith counts where the published tally is exact, or 所載 + named blades where only inclusion is verified.

Designations

Kokuhō3
Jūyō Bunkazai21
Jūyō Bijutsuhin23
Gyobutsu6
Tokubetsu Jūyō29
Jūyō Tōken187

Elite Standing

0.90 across 269 designated works

Top 2% among smiths

Provenance

78 documented provenances across certified works by Kunimitsu

Provenance Standing

53 works held in elite collections across 78 documented provenances

Top 1% among smiths

Raw score: 5.07 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 269 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 269 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunitoshi
Kunimitsu
Students (2)
  1. 1.Kunitsugu國次2 for sale65designated
  2. 2.Nagamitsu長光

Rai School

Other artisans of the Rai school

  1. 1.Kuniyuki國行1 for sale125designated
  2. 2.Kunitoshi國俊84designated
  3. 3.Kunitoshi國俊5 for sale208designated
  4. 4.Kunitsugu國次2 for sale65designated
  5. 5.Mitsukane光包15designated
  6. 6.Kunizane國眞1 for sale26designated
  7. 7.Kunihide國秀7designated
  8. 8.Tomokuni倫國5designated
  9. 9.Mitsushige光重2designated
  10. 10.Kunitake國武1designated
  11. 11.Kunisue國末1designated
  12. 12.Kunimune國宗1designated