NihontoWatchOrdering Number: AS25709Wakizashi in Shirasaya with Koshirae (NBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon Token)Signature: (Ichiyo Aoi-mon) Mondo no Sho Fujiwara Masakiyo (Signed on behalf of Masamori)(一葉葵紋)主水正藤原正清(正盛代銘)Sayagaki: Aoi-mon: Mondo no Sho Fujiwara MasakiyoMade around 1723Both jigane and hamon are excellent, and the workmanship is favorable.Blade length: 1 shaku 7 sun 8 bu 5 rinAuspicious day of February, 2024 (Reiwa 6, Year of the Dragon)Written by Bizan(Kao)Shinto: O-wazamono: Jyojyo Saku: SatsumaWe divide 4 sections for each sword as Saijyo Saku, Jyojyo Saku, Jyo Saku and Regular Saku.This work is ranked as Jyojyo Saku for Mondo no Sho Fujiwara Masakiyo.Habaki: Single-layered silver habakiBlade Length: 1 shaku 7 sun 8 bu 5 rin – 54.0 cm (21.26 in)Curvature: 4 bu 5 rin – 1.36 cm (0.54 in)Mekugi Hole: 1Width at Base (Motohaba): 3.15 cm (1.24 in)Width at Tip (Sakihaba): 2.30 cm (0.91 in)Thickness of rim (Kasane): 0.65 cm (0.26 in)Sword Weight: 555 gramsEra: Mid Edo period, around 1716 (Kyōhō era)Shape:A solid work with wide mihaba, thick kasane, and an extended kissaki.Jigane:Well-forged ko-itame hada, with clearly visible texture.Hamon:Gonome-midare with a hint of notare, and a boshi that turns in with irregularity.Features: Mondo no Sho Fujiwara Masakiyo, also known as Miyagawa Seiemon, was a student of Sozaemon Masafusa. His original name was Kiyotaka.He interacted with swordsmiths across various provinces during the Kyōhō period and was selected, along with Ippei Yasushiro, in the first month of 1721 (Kyōhō 6), to forge a sword for Shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune.For this achievement, he was granted the right to engrave the Ichiyo Aoi crest.He passed away on June 6, 1730 (Kyōhō 15) at the age of 66.Koshirae: Han-dachi styleTsuba: Circular openwork tsubaFuchikashira and Kojiri: Iron fittingsSaya (Scabbard): Glossy black lacquered sayaKozuka: Iron base with family crest in gold inlayMenuki: Shakudo with floral motif in gold inlayNBTHK Tokubetsu Hozon TokenAoi Art estimation paper
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Ichinohira (Satsuma), shinto · Satsuma · around 1714-1736
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Mondo-no-Sho Masakiyo is said to have been born in Kanbun 10 (1670) at Izumi-go in Satsuma. His common name was Miyahara Seiemon, and he is also said to have been called Kakudayu. He learned forging from the Satsuma domain smith Maruta Sozaemon Masafusa, signing first Kiyomitsu and later Masakiyo; Honma's inventory of the Imperial collection adds that he may have signed Kageyoshi before that, a point it calls not yet fully studied. In the first month of Kyoho 6 (1721) he was summoned with his townsman Ippei Yasuyo by the eighth shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune to forge in Edo. The bakufu granted him the right to cut the single-leaf hollyhock crest on his tang, and on the journey home the court raised him to the title Mondo-no-Sho. The published sources give his death in Kyoho 15 (1730) at sixty-one, while the Honma inventory gives sixty-six. They place him with Yasuyo as "the twin pillars of Satsuma shinto"[[c:1]].
His characteristic work is the Soshu-den modelled on the old Shizu manner, which the published sources call "the Shizu-style range he handled with greatest mastery"[[c:2]]. He tempers a ko-notare into which he sets gunome, ko-gunome and pointed togariba, with ashi and yo entering. The nioi is deep and the nie thick and strong, with coarse ara-nie mixed in and gathering unevenly. Long, frequent kinsuji and nie-suji run through the ha, accompanied by sunagashi, and the nioiguchi is bright and clear, only here and there a little uneven. The Honma inventory records that some of his blades, once shortened, "have come to pass as Masamune or Shizu"[[c:3]].
The jigane is an itame that flows strongly overall and turns masame-inclined, at times standing a little with mokume mixed in, at times a tight ko-itame. It carries thick ji-nie with coarse ji-nie mixed, and the Tokubetsu Juyo commentary describes vigorous chikei of a distinctive, kawarigane-like character. The boshi runs in midare-komi or notare to a pointed return, swept with vigorous hakikake carrying long nie-suji, and turns back deeply; on some blades it ends in a ko-maru. His body is the grand Satsuma form, extremely wide with a thick kasane, ample hiraniku and an extended chu-kissaki. Of such a blade the published sources write that its robust bearing "gives the feeling of a decisive downward cut"[[c:4]].
On his most ambitious pieces the published sources single out a further feature and read it as antique. Especially in the upper half, yubashiri gather vigorously at the crests of the temper and present an appearance like nijuba. In their words, "the manner in which yubashiri are vigorously applied at the crests of the temper to produce a nijuba-like appearance conveys an impression of antique flavor"[[c:5]]. This is the upper reach of the same hand rather than a separate manner. His tang is almost always ubu, tapering to an iriyama-gata or sword-shaped tip with shallow katte-sagari file marks and a large long signature, often with the hollyhock crest and a date. Blades signed Kiyomitsu are extremely rare, and one in the Honma inventory carries a second inscription on the reverse, cut after he received his title. Those signed Satsuyo Kafu ju likewise predate the title. The inventory finds the five-character signature Mondo-no-Sho Masakiyo in greatest number and calls one such katana "a considerable masterpiece copying the Shizu manner"[[c:6]]. The published sources also note that in his later years many blades were made as daimei by his son Masachika and his pupil Masamori; the inventory reads his katana dated Kyoho 15 as a daimei by Masachika and probably Masachika's own work.
Within his province he is read against Yasuyo. Where Yasuyo often tempered a calm notare-toned suguha, Masakiyo tempered the varied Shizu-style midare, with its pointed togariba, its coarse nie and its long running kinsuji. His gathering yubashiri and the antique nijuba they form are further traits of his own. The published sources say that his best work can at times be mistaken "for old superior blades"[[c:7]].
He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties. His record runs through twenty-two blades in the Tokubetsu Juyo and Juyo tiers, one of them Tokubetsu Juyo, and four katana recorded in Honma's inventory of the Imperial collection, twenty-six designated works on record and all of them signed. His provenance reaches the great houses of his age. The Tokubetsu Juyo katana, dated Kyoho 9, was presented with a blade by Yasuyo by the Kagoshima lord Shimazu Tsuguhisa to the Minister of the Left Konoe Iehisa, who sent both smiths fine silver and a set of the Six Immortal Poets inscribed by court nobles; the documents survive. Another katana, forged in Kagoshima in Kyoho 9 on the shogun's order with Yasuyo, was presented to the bakufu the following year and long remained with the Tokugawa house. Most designated blades are held rather than traded. A fine signed Masakiyo in his Shizu-style manner comes to market only from time to time and with patience, and a dated, crest-bearing katana in his full manner remains a landmark acquisition.
Where Masakiyo stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
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Years he was demonstrably active, proven by signed-and-dated blades
Yamato-den · Satsuma
32 pieces on the market now
The Satsuma school gathered the smiths of southern Kyushu under the patronage of the Shimazu, the daimyo house of Satsuma and Osumi, and the published sources read its history in two distinct flowerings rather than one continuous line. Its shinto fountainhead is Izu no Kami Masafusa, a son of the Mino smith Ujifusa who moved to Kagoshima and carried a strongly nie-laden hand into the province; the NBTHK names him the origin of Satsuma forging. From that root the early school rose to its summit in the pair the judges return to whenever they place it, Mondo-no-Sho Masakiyo and Ippei Yasuyo, the twin pillars of Satsuma shinto. Both were summoned in Kyoho 6 (1721) by the eighth shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune to forge in Edo and were granted the single-leaf hollyhock crest of the Tokugawa for their tangs, and the Ippei line continued through Yasuyo's adopted heir Yasuari. A century later a second summit formed in the shinshinto twin pillars, Oku Yamato no Kami Motohira of the Oku house and Hoki no Kami Masayuki of the Ijichi house, raised to their court titles in the same year of Kansei 1 (1789); Masayuki's name had begun as Masayoshi, and his pupil Masakage carried the manner into the Bunka and Bunsei years. The training the members record runs back through the Naminohira and Yamato roots of the early Ippei smiths, but the working idiom the school is known by is its own. That idiom is a Soshu-den read in coarse nie rather than in clove-flower, and the members describe it in a shared vocabulary. The body is broad in mihaba, thick in kasane, full in hiraniku and stoutly built, the imposing Satsuma sugata. Over a well-forged itame, often a tight ko-itame turning toward nagare or masame and carrying thick ji-nie and dark chikei, the smiths temper a notare-toned gunome-midare into which they set pointed togariba, deep in nioi with thick nie and coarse ara-nie mixed through. The feature the commentary names most often is what streams within that temper, the long kinsuji, nie-suji and sunagashi the sources call imozuru, the yam-vine of the province, vine-like nie-lines running unbroken through the ha.
The jigane takes a markedly blackish cast against which the bright nioiguchi and coarse nie stand out, and the boshi runs in midare-komi or straight, swept with hakikake and on the most vigorous work flaring to a flame-like kaen. Within this one settled manner the members divide. Masakiyo handled the varied Shizu-style midare, his yubashiri gathering at the crests of the temper into a nijuba-like, antique appearance, where Yasuyo tempered a calmer notare-toned suguha whose strength lay in the depth of its nioi and the length of its imozuru; Motohira and Masayuki carried the flamboyant gunome with its kaen boshi into the later period, while a small number of blades lean toward masame and recall the Yamato Hosho grain that the early training laid down. To kantei Satsuma work, the judges read three grounded marks together: the pointed togariba riding a notare base, the deep coarse nie with its running imozuru, and the dark, chikei-laden standing jigane, completed by the swept hakikake or kaen boshi and the broad heavy body. The tang offers further constants, almost always ubu with a bold thick-chiseled signature that frequently carries the smith's age, Motohira's funagata-narrowed kengyo point and Masayuki's bo-hi among them. Among the members the standing is high: Masakiyo and Yasuyo hold the early summit, while Motohira and Masayuki lead the shinshinto generation, the latter's pupil Masakage judged to have inherited the master's hand with notable refinement. The cutting reputation of the province, tied to its Jigen-ryu martial tradition, runs through the bold robust construction the sources call decisive in the hand. The provenance is grand for a domain school: blades presented by the Shimazu house upward to the shogun Yoshimune and to Konoe Iehisa, Minister of the Left, who returned silver and poems to the smiths, with pieces descending through the Tokugawa, the Imperial family and Shimazu branch houses such as the Kabayama. Such blades are held in long-established collections rather than traded, and a signed Satsuma work in its full vigorous Soshu-den comes to a collector only with patience. Learn more →
| Smith | Era | Designated |
|---|---|---|
| Yasuyo安代 | 1716-1736 | 18 |
| Motohira元平 | 1778-1789 | 39 |
| Masayuki正幸 | 1772-1817 | 36 |
| Masakiyo正清 | 1714-1736 | 26 |
| Yasuari安在 | 1744-1748 | 4 |
The Edo period (1615 to 1868)
For two and a half centuries of peace the sword was the warrior’s legal badge rather than his weapon. Each great city developed its own manner, Edo’s tested strength against Ōsaka’s polished brilliance, until demand thinned in the era’s last decades.
A Hozon-certified blade judged to show notably superior workmanship and a better state of preservation. The bar is higher: re-tempered blades and most unsigned Muromachi/Edo works are excluded.
The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.
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