Sanetoshi, the name read Mari and cut as the two characters 真利, is a swordsmith of the early period, placed by the published sources among the Ko-, the founding generation of the Fukuoka that the school's progenitor Norimune leads. The that is the centre of his record carries that two-character signature on an almost untouched tang, cut with a somewhat thick chisel above the original hole, and the judges read it from form and steel as a Ko- work of the period's first decades. The published commentary describes these earliest hands as standing apart from the school's later splendour, holding instead 'an old character strongly preserved' in both shape and the workmanship of and . Sanetoshi belongs at that root, before the great flowering of the school at Fukuoka.
The characteristic hand sits deliberately between two poles. Over an mixed with mokume, the grain standing a little toward hada-dachi, he lays a temper that is no longer the plain ko-midare of old Bizen yet not the high clove-flower of the mid-Kamakura school: a chōji and a suguha-toned ko-midare into which he mixes ko-chōji and ko-gunome, ashi and yō entering well, ko-nie adhering, with fine kinsuji and sunagashi threading through. The published sources name this balance exactly. Set beside Ko-Bizen, they write, 'the chōji stands out more and shows a slight air of technical sophistication'1; set beside the mid-KamakuraIchimonji, the same work 'is calmer, presenting an archaic and elegant taste'2. The conspicuous ko-chōji on a quiet base is the tell of the hand.
The jigane is the constant beneath that temper. On the signed tachi the itame and mokume carry fine ji-nie and chikei, and a midare-utsuri stands out clearly across the ji; on the kodachi the ji-nie gathers dust-fine and thick and the utsuri rises a little fainter; on the terser early tachi the samejigane reads as a soft utsuri over a compact ko-itame. The vivid reflection of old Bizen steel is the feature he keeps from one blade to the next, the Fukuoka jigane he shares with the school. The bōshi runs nearly straight to a ko-maru, on the kodachi finishing as a yakizume with hakikake on one face, a quiet ending that suits the archaic register.
His surviving work divides into two manners that the judges read as one hand's range rather than two careers. The prime is the ubu, two-character signed tachi, dignified and rather wide, the chōji at its most pronounced over the standing itame; the Tokubetsu Jūyō piece, its signature clear and its ji and ha sound, the commentary calls 'a fine work, rich in points of appreciation'3. The other manner is the quieter, more classical work: the slender kodachi, fundamentally a chū-suguha with ko-chōji and ko-midare and frequent ashi and yō, and the two prewar-designated tachi, whose ko-nie-dekisuguha-toned ko-midare the sources call old Bizen in character. The kodachi the judges find 'appropriate to appraise as the work of Mari of Ko-Ichimonji', a particularly distinguished piece for the strength of its nie and the variety of its activity.
The central scholarly question is the name itself. The Meikan records 真利 across four groups, Ko-Bizen, Fukuoka Ichimonji, Katayama Ichimonji and the Osafune line, and a comparatively substantial number of works survive, yet the published sources caution that 'it is difficult to distinguish these clearly on the basis of signature style alone'4. One signed tachi in his record is in fact carried to the Osafune Mari of the Bun'ei era, identified by a companion blade whose inscription reads Bizen no kuniOsafune; his Ko-Ichimonji attributions therefore rest on era and school manner, on the sugata and the ji-ha, not on the shared mei. The judges set him apart from the later school by exactly the words they use of the early generation, that their work, 'unlike the splendid style of the mid-Kamakura period'5, keeps 'an old Bizen character strongly preserved'6; and apart from the plainer Ko-Bizen smiths by the brightness of his midare-utsuri and the gathering of chōji on his edge.
For the collector he is a rare early Bizen name. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō saku, and the Tōkō Taikan value of 900 places him among the well-regarded Ko-Ichimonji hands. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through one Tokubetsu Jūyōtachi, a pair of Jūyōtachi and the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, three blades on the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers in all, with five carrying an official record. His provenance reaches into the great northern daimyō house: one of the designated tachi descends from a branch family of the Yonezawa Uesugi count household, and the Uesugi name recurs in the denrai, with the prewar pieces recorded to the Saitō and Kazama collections. No current institutional holder is on record. A signed Ko-Ichimonji Mari comes to light only seldom, and most of what survives is held rather than traded; a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the Ichimonji began.
Kantei
one Ko-Ichimonji hand read between two poles: an itame-with-mokume jigane standing a little, with vivid midare-utsuri, carrying a chōji-and-suguha-toned ko-midare temper more elaborate than Ko-Bizen yet calmer and more archaic than mid-Kamakura Ichimonji, surviving best as the ubu two-character signed tachi and as quieter Ko-Bizen-character early work
Sanetoshi, read Mari, is a Bizen smith of the early Kamakura period assigned to the Ko-Ichimonji, the founding generation of the Fukuoka Ichimonji whom the school founder Norimune leads. His name is one of the school's standing kantei problems: the Meikan records the same name 真利 across four groups, Ko-Bizen, Fukuoka Ichimonji, Katayama Ichimonji and the Osafune line, and the published sources hold that signature style alone will not separate them. His recognized hand sits exactly between those poles. Over an itame mixed with mokume, the grain standing a little, he sets fine ji-nie, chikei and a midare-utsuri that stands out clearly, and on it a temper that is no longer the plain ko-midare of Ko-Bizen yet not yet the high clove-flower of mid-KamakuraIchimonji: a suguha-toned ko-midare and chōji into which he mixes ko-chōji and ko-gunome, ashi and yō well in, ko-nie adhering, with fine kinsuji and sunagashi. The published sources read this as showing more conspicuous chōji and a touch more technical elaboration than Ko-Bizen, yet a calmer and more archaic taste than the mid-Kamakura school. The boshi runs nearly straight to a ko-maru. His best record is the ubu, two-character signed tachi whose signature survives clear and whose ji and ha the judges call sound and richly worth study.
Diagnostic discriminators
乱れ映りmidare-utsuri2
小丁子ko-choji2
unique vs plainer Ko-Bizen ko-midare
二字銘niji-mei2
he signs only the two characters 真利, cut with a thick chisel; because the Meikan records the same name across four groups and the signature alone cannot separate them, his pieces are placed to Ko-Ichimonji by sugata, jigane and hamon, not by the mei
Observation by phase
The ubu signed tachi (his recognized prime)
His finest record is the ubu, two-character signed tachi, surviving with its original tang and its signature clear. The shape is dignified, standard to rather wide in body with the kasane somewhat thick, the shinogi slightly high, koshizori running high with funbari kept and a chu-kissaki. The ground is an itame mixed with mokume, tending to hada-dachi, with fine ji-nie, chikei entering and a midare-utsuri standing out. Over it the temper is a chōji mixed with ko-chōji and ko-midare, ashi and yō entering, the nioi laid in with ko-nie adhering well, fine kinsuji and sunagashi appearing in places. The boshi runs nearly straight, with a shallow notare on one face, turning back in ko-maru. The published sources judge it more conspicuous in chōji and a touch more technical than Ko-Bizen, yet calmer and more archaic than the mid-KamakuraIchimonji, and call the workmanship sound and rich in points of study.
The quieter Ko-Bizen-character work (the kodachi and the early tachi)
The other face of his record is calmer and reads closer to old Bizen. The kodachi is slender, with a width difference between base and point, koshizori high with a sense of funbari and a ko-kissaki. Over an itame mixed with mokume, tending to hada-dachi, with dust-fine ji-nie thick, chikei and a faint midare-utsuri, the temper is fundamentally a chu-suguha, mixed with ko-chōji, ko-midare and ko-gunome, ashi and yō frequent, ko-nie well adhering, with kinsuji and sunagashi and places where the nie gathers into nie-suji. The boshi is in a sugu tendency, ko-maru with a shallow turnback on one face and yakizume with hakikake on the other. The two early signed tachi are terser in the record, both ubu and well-shaped, the forging a compact ko-itame with utsuri, the temper a ko-nie-dekisuguha-toned ko-midare with ashi well in, which the published sources call old Bizen in character. Read together these show the archaic root of the hand the prime tachi elaborates.
The published sources record that the name Mari appears in the Meikan across Ko-Bizen, Fukuoka Ichimonji, Katayama Ichimonji and the Osafune school, that a comparatively substantial number of works survive, and that it is difficult to distinguish these homonymous smiths decisively by signature style alone, so the appraisal to Ko-Ichimonji is drawn from tachi-sugata and the manner of ji and ha.2
Historical importance
Where Sanetoshi stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
All nihontōBizenKotō
著名
Notable
Early Kamakura
Select a lens to see how it's measured.
Designations
Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken2
Elite Standing
0.12 across 5 designated works
Top 16% among smiths
Provenance
4 documented provenances across certified works by Sanetoshi
Imperial—
Shogunal—
Premier Daimyō—
▸Major Daimyō1
Other Daimyō—
Zaibatsu—
Institutions—
▸Named Collectors3
Provenance Standing
1 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances