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OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Sue-Aoe
  4. Tsuguyoshi

Aoe Tsuguyoshi

次吉

Tokujū
Vol. 21, No. 27 · Tachi

Aoe Tsuguyoshi

次吉

20 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraRyakuo (1338–1342)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denGeneration4thTeacherTsuguyoshiToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeTSU150
1Jūyō Bunkazai
1Tokubetsu Jūyō18Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Tsuguyoshi is an smith of Province, working in the period, whom the published sources rank alongside Tsugunao and Moritsugu as "one of the representative smiths of the school in the mid- period." The blades gathered under his name are signed and dated across the 1340s and 1350s, the years of Ryakuō, Jōwa, Kōō and Enbun, and the published commentary treats these dated, pieces as valuable documentary material for the study of the smith and his school. He stands at a turning point in the long story the sources recall, in which the early-eleventh-century travel miscellany Sarugakki already named "the swords of " among the noted products of the provinces, and the smiths who flourished along the lower Takahashi River two centuries later inherited that reputation. Where their late- work calmed and the work tightened, Tsuguyoshi is one of the hands in whom the school's clear, bright temper reaches its height.

His characteristic manner is the , and the sources make the point as a plain rule of : broadly "Tsuguyoshi tends to produce , while Tsugunao more frequently shows reverse " (概して次吉には直刃が、次直には逆丁子乱れが多く), with a tight, bright shared between the two. His is a or a slender , shallowly , into which small , occasional and angular elements enter, carried by , and a faint reverse-slanting tendency. The temper is -dominant with , fine and running within, and above all the is bright and clear. One is called a typical example of the associated with him, and of his signed the published sources say it shows "the working range of in which the smith fully demonstrates his forte" (彼の本領を発揮した直刃の作域), the entering more conspicuously than in his usual production. The runs straight into a , at times rising above the , occasionally finishing in or .

The is the constant. He forges a well-packed mixed with , the grain at times finely standing, with very fine set thickly in and delicate entering well; in places a -like complexion and patches of appear, the speckled tells of the . Over it a stands toward the , and on his finest blades parallel streaks of suji- rise near the edge as well, the two layering into a banded . The published sources name this their distinctive mark: of one dated Jōwa they write that "the appearing close to the cutting edge is a hallmark peculiar to this tradition" (刃に近くあらわれた乱れ映りは一派に独特のものである). It is the , more than any flourish in the temper, that carries the eye on his blades.

Within his record the sources draw two further faces. One is a small group of pieces judged not from the school's height but from the very end of into the early : of standard with little taper, the curvature high with and added -zori, the not yet greatly extended, a form read as marking the entry into the new age, the tight and over a closely packed . The other is the reverse-leaning touch. The flamboyant saka-chōji-midare the sources hold more characteristic of Tsugunao is largely absent from his own blades, yet a reverse tendency enters his as and a gyaku- flavor: one attributed to him widens into a with reverse-slanting and gyaku- and a that rises to a pointed turn, and the Important Cultural Property recorded under his name, a long signed and dated blade, is described with a and gyaku- temper, the most pronounced of its kind on his record.

What sets him within the school is exactly what the judges name. His tang is filed in the of the convention, the long signature often cut on the toward the with the date written descending, a habit the sources call typical of work. Against Tsugunao he is the hand; against , whose is with a somewhat subdued, , his is the brighter, tighter, clearer temper of the later school. The published sources gather him with Tsugunao and Moritsugu as "one of the representative smiths of the mid- school" (南北朝時代中期の青江派を代表する刀工の一人である), and praise the broad, unhurried temper of one as full of commanding spirit, a work in which "the highlights of this smith, who excelled in , are shown without omission" (直刃を得意とする同工の見どころが余すところ無く示されており).

For the collector he is a documented name whose signed, dated blades survive in fair number. Fujishiro's rating is not recorded; the Tōkō Taikan values him in the upper-middle range. He has no National Treasures. His record runs instead through one Important Cultural Property, a long signed and dated , and the higher modern tiers, one blade papered to the and some eighteen to . His provenance is sparing and honestly so: an attributed to him was transmitted in the Mito Tokugawa family, and the rest are held in private and institutional collections of recorded but partial whereabouts. Of the blades that can change hands, most are held rather than traded, so a signed Tsuguyoshi comes to market only from time to time and a dated, example is a notable thing to encounter, valued, as the sources repeat, as reference material for understanding the range of his work.

Kantei

one mid-Nanbokucho Aoe hand whose record under this code is dominated by the suguha register the published sources call his specialty: a tight, bright chu- or hoso-suguha over a ko-itame ground with jifu, sumihada and a midare-utsuri that layers, on his best blades, into a banded dan-utsuri; framed by the scholarship that suguha is his where saka-choji-midare belongs more to Tsugunao, dated across the 1340s-1350s, and unified by the tight saeru nioiguchi and the O-sujikai tang that mark the school

Tsuguyoshi is an Aoe smith of Bicchu whom the published sources rank, with Tsugunao and Moritsugu, among the representative figures of the school in the mid-Nanbokucho period. The corpus under this code runs heavily to signed, dated tachi and to tanto and sun-nobi wakizashi, the dates spanning Ryakuo, Jowa, Koan and Enbun across the 1340s and 1350s, several of them ubu, and the published commentary treats these dated, signed pieces as valuable reference material for the smith. His representative hand here is, by a wide margin, the suguha: over a well-packed ko-itame mixed with mokume, carrying fine ji-nie thickly, delicate chikei, the speckled jifu and patches of sumihada of the Aoe ground, he tempers a chu-suguha or narrow suguha, shallowly notare, into which small ko-gunome, a few ko-choji and angular elements enter with ko-ashi, yo and a saka-ashi tendency, the nioiguchi tight, bright and clear with fine kinsuji and sunagashi, the boshi running straight to a ko-maru. The ground carries a midare-utsuri toward the mune, and on his finest blades a streak-like suji-utsuri stands along the ha as well, layering into a banded dan-utsuri that the published sources name a distinctive Aoe tell. The published sources hold that suguha is the more frequent register for Tsuguyoshi where saka-choji-midare is the more frequent for Tsugunao, the tight, bright nioiguchi shared between them; his tang is filed in the O-sujikai of the Aoe convention, often with a long signature cut on the haki-omote toward the mune and a kaki-kudashi date. Several pieces are dated to the very end of Kamakura or the opening of the Nanbokucho, and on the o-suriage mumei katana attributed to him the same Aoe ground and quiet nioi-suguha recur.

Diagnostic discriminators

suguha is by far his dominant register in this corpus, the published sources stating plainly that suguha is more common for Tsuguyoshi where saka-choji-midare is more common for Tsugunao; one Aoe wakizashi is called a typical example of his suguha

the tight, bright, saeru nioiguchi is the point the published sources name again and again as his and the school's chief appreciation, the Nanbokucho Aoe clarity set against the more subdued nioiguchi of Ko-Aoe suguha

unique vs his ordinary midare-utsuri (toward the mune)

unique vs Bizen baseline (katte-sagari / kiri yasurime)

Observation by phase

The tight, bright suguha (his specialty, the body of this corpus)

The body of his record under this code is the suguha. The shape is the period one: shinogi-zukuri tachi of standard to somewhat wide body, the curvature often with koshizori and added saki-zori, the chu-kissaki extended; tanto and sun-nobi hira-zukuri wakizashi wide in body and thin in kasane; several still ubu, carrying a long signature on the haki-omote toward the mune and a kaki-kudashi date. The ground is a well-packed ko-itame mixed with mokume, the grain at times finely standing, with fine ji-nie set thickly in mijin, delicate chikei entering well, and the speckled jifu and patches of sumihada that are the Aoe tell; a midare-utsuri stands toward the mune, and on his finest pieces a streak-like suji-utsuri runs along the ha, the two layering into a banded dan-utsuri, the steel refined and clear. Over that ground the temper is a chu-suguha or narrow hoso-suguha, shallowly notare, into which small ko-gunome, occasional ko-choji and angular elements enter, with ko-ashi, yo and a saka-ashi tendency; the nioiguchi is tight, nioi-dominant with ko-nie, bright and clear, fine kinsuji and sunagashi running within, and on one blade a localized nie-suji gathers near the base. The boshi runs straight to a ko-maru, at times rising above the yokote, occasionally hakikake or finished yakitsume. The tang is filed in O-sujikai, the school convention. The published sources call this tight, bright nioiguchi the principal point of appreciation in his suguha, name the dated ubu pieces especially valuable reference material, and on his broadest tempered tachi remark on the unhurried, commanding spirit of the work.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The late-Kamakura to early-Nanbokucho transitional pieces

A distinct strand the published sources draw within his record is a group of blades judged not from the school's mid-Nanbokucho height but from the very end of Kamakura into the early Nanbokucho. On these the body is of standard mihaba with little taper, the curvature somewhat high with koshizori and added saki-zori, the chu-kissaki not yet greatly extended, and the published sources read this shape as marking the transition into the Nanbokucho. The ground is a closely packed ko-itame with thick ji-nie and fine chikei, a jifu-like complexion in places, a sugu-style utsuri standing with a faint suji-utsuri near the ha that forms a dan-utsuri; the temper is the same tight chu-suguha in nioi-deki, near the base becoming nie-laden with localized nie-suji and sunagashi. The published sources value these as precious signed material through which his range in this transitional phase can be discerned, and note that even within the later Aoe group a difference of manner separates these earlier pieces from those of the Nanbokucho peak.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文

The reverse-choji touch and the o-suriage mumei attributions

less firmly established

His second, less frequent face is the reverse-leaning one. The published sources set his suguha against the flamboyant saka-choji-midare they hold more characteristic of Tsugunao, but the reverse tendency enters his own suguha as a saka-ashi and a gyaku-choji touch: one o-suriage mumei katana attributed to him shows a wide suguha with reverse-slanting ashi and gyaku-choji mixed in and a midare-komi boshi rising to a pointed turn, and one ubu dated tachi mixes ko-choji into the suguha with saka-ashi. The Important Cultural Property tachi recorded under his name, a long signed and dated blade, is described with a ko-midare and gyaku-choji temper, the most pronounced reverse-choji example on his record. The third face is the o-suriage mumei katana attributed Aoe Tsuguyoshi, several retaining a Hon'ami kinzogan or kinpun attribution: these repeat the school ground, a ko-itame standing a little with faint utsuri or dan-utsuri, and a narrow nioi-deki suguha into which ko-ashi enter, the published sources affirming them from the jihada and hamon as Nanbokucho Aoe work, the attribution resting on the school ground and the quiet nioi-suguha rather than on a personal tell.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources state the central kantei point on Tsuguyoshi plainly: his work falls into two modes, suguha and a flamboyant saka-choji-midare, and broadly suguha is more frequent for him while saka-choji-midare is more frequent for Tsugunao, with a tight, bright, saeru nioiguchi the shared appreciation of both. In this corpus the suguha pieces predominate, the dated and ubu among them named especially valuable for study of the smith.

On the school ground the published sources describe the Aoe development across time and distinguish phases within the later school: Ko-Aoe suguha is ko-nie-deki with a somewhat subdued nioiguchi mixing small midare, the nie calming by the late Kamakura, and the Nanbokucho works tightening into the bright, clear suguha and the distinctive saka-choji-midare; even within the later Aoe a difference of manner separates the late-Kamakura-to-early-Nanbokucho pieces from those of the Nanbokucho peak. Among the school the streak-like suji-utsuri forming dan-utsuri, the boshi turning with a pointed flavor, and the O-sujikai file marks with a kaki-kudashi dated signature are named as conventions.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken18

Elite Standing

0.12 across 20 designated works

Top 16% among smiths

Provenance

1 documented provenance across certified works by Tsuguyoshi

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 1 documented provenances

Top 84% among smiths

Raw score: 1.83 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 20 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 20 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherTsuguyoshi
Tsuguyoshi
Students (3)
  1. 1.Tsuguyoshi次吉20designated
  2. 2.Tsuguyoshi次吉
  3. 3.Tsuguyoshi次吉1designated

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康次11designated
  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Masatsune正恒16designated
  10. 10.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  11. 11.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  12. 12.Moritoshi守利9designated