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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Sue-Aoe
  4. Tsuguyoshi

Aoe Tsuguyoshi

次吉

Tokujū
Vol. 9, No. 26 · Wakizashi

Aoe Tsuguyoshi

次吉

16 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraTeiji (1362–1368)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denFujishiroJo-jo sakuTypeSwordsmithCodeTSU151
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Tokubetsu Jūyō12Jūyō Tōken

Overview

The early eleventh-century travel-text Sarugakki, listing the famous products of the provinces, already names "the swords of ," and it was the smiths, flourishing along the lower reaches of the Takahashi River, who inherited that reputation. Tsuguyoshi works at the height of the line, and the published sources count him, together with Tsugunao and Moritsugu, among the representative smiths of the mid-fourteenth century. His dated, signed blades run across the Enbun, Jōji and Kōan years of the 1350s and 1360s, almost all of them and : wide in body, thin in , shallow in , the period shape stated without ornament. Several are still , carrying a long signature on the and a date on the reverse, so his hand can be followed year by year.

His manner is the one the published sources draw most carefully, because it divides cleanly in two. He works in a tight, bright and in a flamboyant saka-chōji-midare, and the judges return again and again to the distinction between the two masters: "as a rule Tsuguyoshi runs to , Tsugunao to saka-chōji-midare," while in either temper the is tight and clear. The is by far his own register. On these blades he tempers a or a narrow , in places a shallow , into which small , and a reversed tendency enter, the temper -dominant with , fine running within, the tight and notably bright. It is this clarity that the published sources name his and the school's chief point of appreciation, the that "is tight, and bright and clear."

The carries the rest of the signature. Over a well-packed , at times mixed with and standing a little, lie fine set in minute density and delicate , with the speckled the sources also call and patches of clear . A stands toward the , and on his finest blades a further linear runs along the edge so that the two layer into a banded , the steel left clear. The runs straight to a , frequently with a pointed turn, sometimes with a long or a little ; and the tang is filed, by the school's rule, in . On one Kōan the judges single out a "boldly tempered down deep to the ," an unusual flourish in a work that they hold sharpens rather than coarsens the blade.

The second register is the rarer face. On a small number of pieces the temper opens into a showy saka-chōji-midare mixed with , the reversed and entering, -dominant with and fine , the entering as and turning with a pointed flavor; the on the blades stands conspicuously. The judges call one such a representative work whose saka-chōji and together show the school plainly, and on a dated of this kind they record an oral remark of Honma's that, within this line, "the smith who tempers the clove pattern in a with the clearest is this craftsman, or else Tsugunao." Beyond the signed work stands a third record, the attributed to him, a wide blade of imposing shape that keeps a 1657 naming Tsuguyoshi; its with emerging and its - with let the judges affirm it as his from the and rather than from any personal tell.

What sets Tsuguyoshi apart within his own school is exactly this balance. Against Tsugunao, whose hand leans to the brilliant reverse clove pattern, his work is read as the master of the pair, the tight and bright on both their hands but the quiet temper his by preference. Against the earlier , whose the published sources describe as with a somewhat subdued , his is the clarity, the line tightened and brightened. The judges call the his family specialty, the manner in which "he displays his true capabilities," and name his best blades the outstanding examples among his surviving work.

For the collector he is a name of real standing rather than a rarity beyond reach. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through the modern designations, fourteen of his blades falling in the and tiers, two of them at . The published sources prize his , dated, signed pieces as reference material for the study of the smith, and name one outstanding among his works. His provenance runs through the houses: a transmitted in the Maeda family with a black-lacquer bearing eight gold umebachi crests, a held in the 'in-no-miya princely house with its and crested storage box, and further blades recorded with the Maeda and Arima families. A signed Tsuguyoshi is not often offered, and most designated examples are held rather than traded, but a or of his does appear from time to time, and a dated, signed one is among the more knowable things a collector of Bitchū Aoe could hope to encounter.

Kantei

one mid-Nanbokucho Aoe hand seen in two registers the published sources draw explicitly: the predominant tight, bright suguha over a ko-itame ground with jifu, sumihada and dan-utsuri, and the less frequent flamboyant saka-choji-midare; framed by the scholarship that suguha is his specialty where saka-choji belongs more to Tsugunao, and unified by the tight saeru nioiguchi and O-sujikai tang that mark the school

Tsuguyoshi is an smith of Bicchu working in the mid- period, and the published sources name him, together with Tsugunao and Moritsugu, one of the representative figures of the school in that age. His dated signed work runs across the Enbun, Joji and Koan years of the 1350s and 1360s, almost all of it and wide in body, thin in and shallow in , the period shape stated plainly. His hand divides in two: a tight, bright and a flamboyant -, and the sources agree that is by far the more frequent for him, where - is the more common for Tsugunao. Over a well-packed carrying fine , and the speckled and clear of the ground, with a standing toward the that on his best blades layers into a banded , he tempers a or narrow into which small and and a tendency enter, the tight, bright and , the running straight to a with a frequent pointed turn. The published sources hold the tightness and clarity of that to be his and the school's principal point of appreciation, and his tang is filed in the that is the convention. The attributed to him repeats the ground and quiet -.

Diagnostic discriminators

the tight, bright, saeru nioiguchi is the point the published sources name again and again as his and the school's chief appreciation, the Nanbokucho Aoe clarity set against the more subdued nioiguchi of Ko-Aoe suguha

suguha is by far his dominant register, the published sources stating plainly that suguha is more common for Tsuguyoshi where saka-choji is more common for Tsugunao; his finest suguha are called the family specialty he excels in

unique vs his ordinary midare-utsuri (toward the mune)

unique vs Bizen baseline (katte-sagari / kiri yasurime)

Observation by phase

The tight, bright suguha (his predominant specialty)

His representative register, by a wide margin, is the . The shape is the mid- one: and wide in body, thin in and shallow in , several still and carrying a long signature with a dated reverse. The ground is a well-packed , at times mixed with and standing a little, with fine densely set, delicate , and the speckled and patches of that are the tell; a stands toward the , and on his finest pieces a fine linear runs along the as well, layering into a so-called , the steel clear. Over that ground the temper is a or narrow , in places shallow , into which small , and a tendency enter; the is tight, -dominant with , and bright and clear, fine running within. The runs straight to a , frequently with a pointed turn and at times a long or . The tang is filed in , the school convention. The published sources call this tight, bright the principal point of appreciation in his and judge his best blades superior work among his oeuvre.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The flamboyant saka-choji-midare (the less frequent face)

His other recorded register is the flamboyant -, which the published sources judge the less frequent of his two manners, more characteristic of his colleague Tsugunao. On these blades the ground again carries fine , and a conspicuous , but the temper opens out: a showy reverse-leaning mixed with , the reversed () and entering, -dominant with , fine in places, the entering as and turning with a pointed flavor. The published sources call one such a representative -shaped work whose - and together display the school's distinctive traits, and an oral note of Honma's holds that, among this line in the , the smith who tempers in with the clearest is this craftsman or Tsugunao.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文

The o-suriage mumei den katana (attributed Aoe)

less firmly established

The third face of his record is the attributed to him, a wide blade of imposing shape with a large that retains a naming Tsuguyoshi. The ground is an standing a little with emerging; the temper is a with slightly raised into which and enter, a carved through both faces. The published sources affirm these from the and as work, the attribution resting on the school ground and the quiet - rather than on a personal tell.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The published sources state the central kantei point on Tsuguyoshi plainly: his work falls into two modes, suguha and a flamboyant saka-choji-midare, and broadly suguha is more frequent for him while saka-choji is more frequent for Tsugunao, with a tight, bright, saeru nioiguchi the shared appreciation of both. An oral remark of Honma's holds that, within this Nanbokucho line, the smith who tempers choji in tanto with the clearest nioiguchi is either Tsuguyoshi or Tsugunao.

On the school ground the published sources describe the Aoe development across time: Ko-Aoe suguha is ko-nie-deki with a somewhat subdued nioiguchi mixing small midare, the nie calming by the late Kamakura, and the Nanbokucho works tightening into the bright, clear suguha and the distinctive saka-choji-midare that Tsuguyoshi represents. Among the school the boshi turning with a pointed flavor and the O-sujikai file marks are named as conventions.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken12

Elite Standing

0.22 across 16 designated works

Top 11% among smiths

Provenance

5 documented provenances across certified works by Tsuguyoshi

Provenance Standing

4 works held in elite collections across 5 documented provenances

Top 13% among smiths

Raw score: 2.33 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 16 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 16 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Tsuguyoshi
Students (3)
  1. 1.Tsuguyoshi次吉20designated
  2. 2.Tsuguyoshi次吉1designated
  3. 3.Tsuguyoshi次吉

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康次11designated
  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Masatsune正恒16designated
  10. 10.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  11. 11.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  12. 12.Moritoshi守利9designated