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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Shimosaka
  3. Yasutsugu

Shimosaka Yasutsugu

康繼

Jūyō
Vol. 1, No. 23 · Wakizashi

Shimosaka Yasutsugu

康繼

27 ranked works

ProvinceMusashiEraKanei (1624–1644)PeriodEdoSchoolShimosakaTraditionShintoGeneration2ndTeacherYasutsuguFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,000(top 8%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYAS975
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
24Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Around Keichō, the smith of the Shimosaka line was summoned to forge for Tokugawa Ieyasu and Hidetada, and as a result Ieyasu bestowed on him the character 康, whereupon he changed his name to Yasutsugu and was granted the right to cut the triple-hollyhock crest on his tang. The published sources record that the line originated in Ōmi, moved to under the patronage of Yūki Hideyasu, and thereafter served the shogunal house in alternating years between and , signing the long inscriptions that name the imported nanban-tetsu and of . The first generation, who re-tempered fire-damaged masterworks such as the Shishi Sadamune after the fall of Ōsaka, founded the house; this entry is read chiefly through the second generation, his legitimate heir Shimosaka Ichinojō, who took the tonsure as Kōetsu and died in Shōhō 3 (1646), and whose finest blades the published commentary holds difficult to tell from his father's.

The hand is read in the first. It is an mixed with that stands somewhat, in places flowing into , with thick , entering, and at times , the steel taking on the dark, blackish cast the published sources name as so-called steel. This dark, standing is the constant across his work, and the commentary returns to it as the school's signature, noting again and again that the forging "displays the characteristics of steel" (越前がねの特色を示している). Over it the temper is built on into which and are mixed, and entering, the strong with patches of coarse gathering unevenly and scattering into the broken (basake) appearance that is his most personal effect; and run long, forming a striped course, the tending subdued (), with along the back.

The is the surest single tell of the hand. It is most often a , strongly swept in and turning back long, the published sources reading on one that the temper "enters in , sweeps strongly in , and turns back long with a at the tip" (帽子乱れ込み、強く掃きかけて、先小丸に長く返る); on the quieter pieces it shows the so-called flavor with the long, strong return. The rounded, swept with its long recurs across the corpus, the point at times pointed () or running in as , but the long swept return is constant, and the judges read it together with the dark steel as the smith's own. A second native register sits beside the manner, and the published sources call it his intrinsic style: a base, at times a medium , into which small connected are mixed, entering vigorously, the back generally hardened and the again subdued. On one such the commentary names this the very type of his proper hand, "the intrinsic workmanship of the second-generation Yasutsugu" (二代康継本来の作柄), the linked over a straight foundation, so that even where the temper quiets to the steel keeps the smith's name.

The register the line is most celebrated for is its -, the faithful copying of masterworks at which the published sources say both the first and second generations excelled. The corpus holds reduced copies of the great : an Ataka Sadamune carrying the gold-inlaid mark of the copy and a reducing the blade, and the only known second-generation copy of the Shishi Sadamune, whose burned original the first generation had re-tempered after the fall of Ōsaka. On these the forging tightens, the temper widens into mixed with and large and breaks into a large-pattern with and toward a feeling, the well adhered and the running almost as one sweep. On a the judges read the deep , the well-adhered and the and as an intent "aimed at the superior old masters" (古作の相州上工を狙ったものと思われる), while observing that the standing and the subdued still betray the hand. Distinct again is the carving: the deep, forceful Kinai-bori executed with the engravers Kiuchi Chisō and Kinai Tomochika, the three-deity figures, , the dragon, and , by which the commentary even separates the generations, since the first generation's three deities are limited to Fudō Myōō with his two attendants while the second combines Jizō, Bishamonten and Monju.

What sets the second generation apart, in the judges' own framing, is how close he comes to the first while never quite reaching his scale. The commentary repeatedly measures him against his father: one it calls the work among his that "shows the style closest to the first generation" (この刀はその作中、最も初代に近い作風), and a late it praises as a blade in which "a level of skill not inferior to the first generation is demonstrated to the fullest" (初代康継に劣らぬ技術が遺憾なく発揮された). The signature itself carries the distinction, the form of the character 継 differing from the first generation's, and the line is read not against the old it copied but by its own marks, the dark steel, the basake , the striped , the long swept return, and the deep Kinai carving.

Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō , and the Tōkō Taikan rates him at the upper end of the field. He carries no designations at the highest national tiers; his record runs instead through twenty-four blades at the rank and two designated Jūyō Bijutsuhin before the war, the latter recorded in the Yasutsugu Taikan and held in the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures. The provenance roll is and warrior: the Honda house, with ownership inscriptions of Honda Hida-no-kami and Honda Shichizaemon, several blades carrying gold-inlaid cutting-test inscriptions, one bearing the eccentric added line " hikashi," the smith's boast that even Mount stands low beside his sword. These are not blades that come to market often; with none held back at the highest protected tier yet most kept in long-standing collections, a signed Yasutsugu with the crest appears from time to time and with patience, the broad, dark, powerfully built work the commentary calls full of "force and rustic flavor" (迫力と野趣が感じられる) and well showing "the characteristics of work" (越前物の特色をよく示しており).

Kantei

the Echizen Shimosaka Yasutsugu hand, read mainly through the second generation: the dark itame Echizen-gane jigane and the subdued, basake notare-gunome temper of his native manner, set against two named registers the sources call his own, the Soshu-utsushi after Sadamune and the deep Kinai-bori carving program, all carried under the aoi crest and nanban-tetsu signature granted by the Tokugawa

Yasutsugu is the head of the Shimosaka line, the Tokugawa-favored smith granted the character 康 and permission to cut the triple-hollyhock crest on his tang, whose name passed down successive generations between and . The published sources record that the first generation lived at Fukui in , was summoned about Keicho to forge for Ieyasu and Hidetada, received the 康 character and the , and thereafter served in alternating years between the two cities, and that after the second generation died in Shoho 3 the house divided into separate and branches. The picture the corpus draws is dominated by the second generation, the legitimate heir Shimosaka Ichinojo who took the tonsure as Koetsu, and it is read in the first: an mixed with that stands somewhat (), with thick and and the dark, blackish ' steel,' the school's tell. Over it the temper is a notare base mixed with and , entering, the strong with patches of coarse that scatter into a broken (basake) appearance, and running long into a striped effect, the subdued, the with and a long return. The line worked two further registers the sources name as its own: faithful - after Sadamune, including reduced copies of the Ataka and Shishi Sadamune, and a program of deep, forceful Kinai-bori carvings, the three-deity figures and , that the published commentary calls difficult to tell from the first generation's hand.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs general shinto baseline (bright steel)

26% of his works · 2.4× vs his own bright-nioiguchi pieces (akarui)

unique vs shinto smiths without shogunal grant

Observation by phase

His native Echizen manner (the second-generation prime)

The intrinsic hand the published sources call typical of the second generation is read in the first. It is an mixed with that stands somewhat, in places flowing toward , with thick , entering, occasional , and a steel color taking on the blackish cast the sources name ' steel.' Over it the temper is a notare base into which and are mixed, and entering, the strong with patches of coarse that gather unevenly and scatter into a broken (basake) appearance, the frayed in places; and run long and form a striped effect, the tending subdued, with along the back. The is most often a , strongly swept () and turning back long, at times pointed () or running in as . The construction is wide and powerful, thick in , with and of Keicho feeling. The published sources call this broken, striped, subdued line the very mark of work; the wide bold blades are read as boldly uninhibited, full of force and a rustic flavor.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Soshu-utsushi after Sadamune (a register the sources call his own)

The published sources single out faithful copies as a register in which both the first and second generations excelled. The corpus holds reduced-scale copies of the celebrated , an Ataka Sadamune with its gold-inlaid 'Ataki-' and a reducing the blade, and the only known second-generation copy of the Shishi Sadamune, the original of which the first generation re-tempered after the fall of Osaka Castle. There are Sadamune as well. On these the forging tightens to a dense with , the temper widens into a mixed with and large , breaking into a large-pattern with and toward a feeling, the well adhered, and frequent, the running in an manner. On one the sources read deep , well-adhered and the presence of and as an intention to aim at the refined masters such as Sadamune, while noting that the standing and subdued still betray the hand.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文

The suguha-based register (called his intrinsic style)

Alongside the manner the published sources name a second native register and call it the intrinsic style of the second generation: a base into which small connected are mixed (a mixed with running ), entering vigorously, adhering, patches of coarser creating unevenness, slight and occasional , the back generally hardened in and the subdued. On these the shows a '' flavor and returns long, the hand recognizable in the long, strong return. The sources tie examples of this register together by their shared Nyudo signature, placing them at roughly the date, and read the base with connected and vigorous as the proper, intrinsic manner of the second generation.

Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Kinai-bori carving program

A defining register of the line is its carving, executed in the early years with the collaborating engravers of the Kinai school, Kiuchi (Kinai) Chiso and Kinai Tomochika, whose names some blades bear. The are deeply cut and forceful: three-deity figures, , the dragon often within a groove, , , and on later pieces plum and bamboo. The published sources distinguish the generations by their carving repertoire, noting that the first generation's three-deity carvings are limited to Fudo Myoo with the two attendant youths, while the second's combine other deities such as Jizo, Bishamonten and Monju, with ingenuity in carving method and placement. The sources call these carvings difficult to distinguish from the first generation's and a valuable documentary aid for the study of Yasutsugu.

Scholarship

The published sources treat the second generation as so close to the first that the two are difficult to tell apart, distinguishing them chiefly by the form of the character 継 and by the carving repertoire, and they question whether the smith in fact traveled between Edo and Fukui in alternating years; the corpus also records eccentric touches such as the 'Fuji hikashi' (Mount Fuji is low) added inscription, read as the smith's boast.

On a tanto the sources read deep nioi, well-adhered nie, kinsuji and sunagashi as an intention to aim at the refined Soshu masters such as Sadamune, while the standing jihada, the locally basake nie within the ha, the vigorous sunagashi and the subdued nioiguchi still allow the characteristic features of Echizen work to be discerned.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken24

Elite Standing

0.14 across 27 designated works

Top 14% among smiths

Provenance

5 documented provenances across certified works by Yasutsugu

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 5 documented provenances

Top 84% among smiths

Raw score: 1.83 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 27 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 27 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherYasutsugu
Yasutsugu
Students (6)
  1. 1.Yasutsugu康繼1 for sale27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康繼3 for sale8designated
  3. 3.Tsuguhira繼平2designated
  4. 4.Yasutsugu康繼7 for sale2designated
  5. 5.Yasutsugu康繼1designated
  6. 6.Yasutsugu康繼

Shimosaka School

Other artisans of the Shimosaka school

  1. 1.Yasutsugu康繼3 for sale74designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康繼3 for sale8designated
  3. 3.Sadakuni貞國11designated
  4. 4.Shigetaka重高3 for sale6designated
  5. 5.Sadatsugu貞次1 for sale5designated
  6. 6.Kunitsugu國次1 for sale1designated
  7. 7.Kunikiyo國清1designated
  8. 8.Sadakuni貞國2designated
  9. 9.Tsuguhira繼平2designated
  10. 10.Yasutsugu康繼1designated
  11. 11.Kunitsugu國次1designated
  12. 12.Shimosaka Hachirozaemon下坂八郎左衛門1designated