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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Ko-Aoe
  4. Tsugutada

Aoe Tsugutada

次忠

Jūyō
Vol. 3, No. 32 · Tachi

Aoe Tsugutada

次忠

6 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraJoei (1232–1233)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan1,800(top 3%)TypeSwordsmithCodeTSU113
1Jūyō Bunkazai
1Gyobutsu
1Tokubetsu Jūyō3Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Tsugutada is a smith of Bicchu, placed by the published sources at the close of the period into the early , traditionally about the Joei years, and named variously a son of Tsugie or of Yasutsugu. His blades are all , and several survive , the original tang carrying a boldly cut, thick-chiseled two-character signature on the . Of one such piece a entry says plainly that it is "a large-scale work by Tsugutada" (古青江次忠の大作である). He belongs to the oldest stratum of the school, the Bicchu smiths who forged at Ko-i and Manju in the lower basin of the Takahashi River and whose work down to about the middle of the is set apart as , a manner the sources describe as resembling contemporary yet quieter and more astringent in flavor in the .

The tell of his hand is its restraint. Where the smiths of his age tempered brightly, his is a quiet, -toned line, the on his finer narrow, into which small , and at times enter with some height variation and running in. Over it the adheres well, and appear frequently, and , and gather along the . The inclines to the subdued the published sources name the character, the astringency that, set beside the livelier , gives his work its antique fragrance. The runs essentially straight to a small round, or scatters its and sweeps a little in at the tip.

The is the constant of his record. The forging is an mixed with that stands a little, running to the crisp, crepe-like that the sources hold a hallmark of the , the grain standing rather than packing flat as in . Across the lie the speckled and, on his finest blades, patches of the clear-band , with well set, entering, and a faint rising. On the Naruse-family the steel is at its most expressive: with in a texture, mixed in, thick , and a temper dropped above the in , above which a fine is the base, the lower half worked with , and , becoming around the middle, the somewhat deep and falling, again, toward .

His record divides, as the judges themselves draw it, into two faces of one hand. The first is the dignified signed , high in with strong and a compact point, the imposing period shape stated plainly, the temper comparatively calm over the speckled . The second is the austere, refined late manner, of which the published sources say his work has "a plain and somewhat rustic feeling" (素朴でやや鄙びた感があり) and that "a deep and astringent, quietly resonant workmanship seems to be his hallmark" (渋く深い味わいを醸し出す出来口が持ち味のよう). The tang on every blade is filed in the of the convention, the signature set on the , and on one piece the sources note that its placement above the is unusual.

What sets Tsugutada apart from his neighbours is exactly that quietness. His faint and , his small clove and carried on a base, and his sinking give him the astringent, antique character the published sources read across his oeuvre, against the brighter clove-flower of . Within he stands among its representative early hands, a smith whose work is plain and rustic, the quiet root from which the school's later generations would grow. Several of his blades carry battle cuts and an arrow wound in the upper which, as one entry observes, speak of martial exploits in ages past.

For the collector he is a rare early name. Fujishiro grades him Jo , and the Toko Taikan values his work among the higher figures. The defining fact is scarcity: the published sources state that "extant signed by Tsugutada number only two or three" (次忠有銘の太刀は現存するもの二、三に過ぎず), and call him a comparatively lesser-known figure within , so that each , signed blade is a documentary source of exceptionally high value for the study of the smith. He has no National Treasures; his record runs through one Important Cultural Property, a single and a few , with his blades preserved in long-held collections and institutions grounded in their own provenance, the Naruse family among the houses, and pieces held at the Tokyo National Museum and the Mori Shusui Museum of Art. The published commentary calls the Naruse "a superior example in which Tsugutada's austere and deeply flavored style is well expressed" (枯淡で味わい深い作風がよく表出された優品). With so few signed examples on record and most of them held rather than traded, a signed Tsugutada comes to light only seldom, and a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the oldest Bicchu smiths worked their quiet, astringent steel.

Kantei

one late-Heian to early-Kamakura Ko-Aoe hand seen across his signed tachi, modeled in two faces the published sources themselves draw: the dignified ubu signed tachi with its high koshizori and the suguha-toned quiet temper over a chirimen-hada ground with jifu and faint utsuri, and the austere, refined late manner with yakiotoshi, sumihada and a deeper, calmer nioiguchi; unified by the subdued shizumi nioiguchi, the o-sujikai tang and the bold two-character mei that mark the smith and the school

Tsugutada is a smith of Bicchu working at the end of the period into the early , traditionally placed about the Joei years and named in the published sources, variously, a son of Tsugie or of Yasutsugu. He is one of the comparatively scarce names: extant signed by him number only two or three, the published sources say, which makes each , two-character signed blade a documentary source of high value for the study of the smith. His record is uniform in form, all of it , slender to standard in width, several still with a high and strong , the period shape stated plainly. Over an mixed with that stands a little and runs to the crepe-like of the ground, with , and at times and patches of , a faint standing, he tempers a quiet -toned line into which , and at times enter, the well adhered, and frequent, , and along the , the tending to the subdued that the published sources name the character; the runs straight to a or sweeps in , and the tang is filed in the of the convention, carrying a boldly cut, thick-chiseled two-character signature on the . The published sources read his work as plain and a little rustic, austere and deeply flavored, an antique fragrance carried in the subdued and that demonstrates the characteristic features of the school.

Diagnostic discriminators

the published sources name the subdued, sinking shizumi nioiguchi the Ko-Aoe character, set against the brighter, livelier nioiguchi of contemporary Bizen work; on his suguha-toned blades the nioiguchi tends to this quiet, astringent quality

unique vs Bizen baseline (well-packed ko-itame, no chirimen)

unique vs his finest tachi adding sumihada (Juyo 54)

unique vs Bizen baseline (katte-sagari / kiri yasurime)

Observation by phase

The dignified ubu signed tachi (his recognized type)

His representative record is the , two-character signed preserved in its original form: with , the running high with strong , a compact or , the whole an imposing and dignified shape. The ground is an mixed with that stands a little, with and the speckled of the ground, a faint standing. Over it the temper is comparatively quiet: a or gently undulating notare base into which small , and enter, with some height variation, entering, the well adhered, and appearing, and and along the . The is essentially straight in tendency with a small round or a scattering of . The tang is with a tip, filed in , and on the , centered near or below the lower , carries a boldly cut, thick-chiseled two-character signature. The published sources call such a blade a large-scale work that clearly demonstrates the characteristic features of the group, sound in the , the well adhered, with an antique fragrance in the subdued and ; some carry battle cuts and an arrow wound that, as the sources note, speak of martial exploits in ages past.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The austere refined manner (yakiotoshi, sumihada, deeper nioiguchi)

The other face the published sources draw is the austere, refined manner the judges call plain and a little rustic, deep and astringent in flavor. On the Naruse-family the ground is mixed with standing into the crepe-like texture, thick , entering, a little mixed in and a faint rising. The temper drops above the in ; above it a fine is the base, the lower half showing , and vigorously, becoming around the middle, the somewhat deep with , and appearing, and tending throughout to the subdued . The runs straight into a rounded turn with very slight and a little at the tip, and a with is carved through both faces. The published sources call this a superior example in which his austere, deeply flavored style is well expressed, and of exceptionally high documentary value for the study of a smith whose signed examples are few.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources set out the Ko-Aoe ground plainly: the kitae shows conspicuous mokume and stands a little into the crepe-like chirimen texture, many examples mixing jifu, and the hamon is a gentle suguha-toned line or one mixing ko-midare, in either case with the nie well adhered, the nioiguchi tending to a subdued shizumi, the whole more quiet and astringent than contemporary Bizen. Tsugutada is placed about the Joei years, said to be a son of Tsugie or of Yasutsugu, his surviving work plain and rustic with a deep and astringent flavor.

On the smith himself the published sources note that signed tachi by Tsugutada are limited to two or three, that he is a comparatively lesser-known figure within Ko-Aoe, and that this scarcity makes his ubu, signed, dated blades a source of exceptionally high documentary value. One Juyo entry remarks that, as with Bitchu smiths in general, the signature sits on the haki-ura, but that its placement above the mekugi-ana is unusual.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken3

Elite Standing

0.13 across 6 designated works

Top 15% among smiths

Provenance

3 documented provenances across certified works by Tsugutada

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 3 documented provenances

Top 78% among smiths

Raw score: 1.86 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 6 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 6 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Tsugutada
Students (2)
  1. 1.Hidetsugu秀次1designated
  2. 2.Tsugutada次忠1designated

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康次11designated
  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Masatsune正恒16designated
  10. 10.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  11. 11.Moritoshi守利9designated
  12. 12.Toshitsugu俊次6designated