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  4. Nobutsugu

Aoe Nobutsugu

延次

Tokujū
Vol. 14, No. 28 · Tachi

Aoe Nobutsugu

延次

3 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraKenei (1206–1207)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeNOB92
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Tokubetsu Jūyō

Overview

Enji of Bicchu Province, (備中国古青江延次), is the name the gives for this smith, and the published sources set him at the head of the line: he is held to be the first-generation Enji, traditionally the son of Moritsugu (古青江守次の子), with the name then carried down into the late . He belongs to the group of Bicchu, the swordsmiths who appeared roughly two centuries after the early-eleventh-century reader Sarugaku-ki listed "Bicchu swords" among the products of the provinces, and who worked the lower Takahashi River basin around and Manju. Within that group the works that do not descend later than the mid- are called , the early , and it is to this earliest stratum that his blades are read. A question of generation comes with the name: the reference compilations record several smiths signing 延次 from the start of the period onward, so the corpus carries a name borne by more than one hand, sorted out by date rather than by a difference of school.

His authenticated work is the signed , slender and built with a high and , the kept small, the tang on the least altered pieces remaining in the pheasant-thigh shape. The hand that recognises him reads first in the steel. Over a tightly forged with fine and , the grain stands up across the whole blade and takes on the crepe-silk of the school, the published sources writing that overall the grain rises into that crepe-like (総体に肌目が立って縮緬肌風となる). Clear patches surface in the , intermingles, and a stands over it, the faint and reflection together the marks that hold his to and away from a plain . Over this he tempers a base, shallowly , into which small and small are mixed and enter well; the tends tight and shows bright and clear, and the turns back in . The published sources single out that brightly clear as the superb point of the work, judging on the piece that the way it grows bright and clear is splendid (匂口の明るく冴える様は見事).

The register is the quiet one of the early , and that is the point of him. His is a -toned manner, not the flamboyance toward which the later smiths of the would move, and the small clove and small ride on the straight base as activity rather than govern it. The interest lies in the pairing of a calm temper with a busy : the standing grain, the crepe of the , the patches of , the laid faintly over all of it. The published sources read this whole as the school speaking through one of its founders, holding of the that in both and it well displays the distinctive features of the group and that its workmanship is excellent (地刃に一派の特色をよく示して出来がすぐれ), and of the that it clearly displays the features of the school in both and (地刃に古青江派の特色をよく示し). What separates his blades from a is therefore not the temper, which they share, but the beneath it.

The corpus divides cleanly by date, and the division is one the published record itself draws. One of the two prewar Important Art Object keeps an almost original tang with a high and marked , a faint appearing with intermixed and a standing out (淡い澄肌現われ、地斑交じり、乱映り立つ); from its and the work in and the published sources carry it back to the early . The second is assigned instead to the mid-, around the Bun'ei era of 1264 to 1274, its commentary opening by noting that several smiths signed Enji from the start of the onward (延次は銘鑑では鎌倉時代初期より同銘数工存在する) and placing this piece with the later of them. It keeps the slender form and small , a tightly packed with fine and a tendency toward , the temper beginning in a manner and resolving into a slightly -laden with . The signature itself is part of the recognition: a bare two-character is cut on the near the tang tip, with a fine chisel yet in somewhat large characters, over a steeply slanted file pattern. The published sources note that within the tradition, not limited to Enji, it is standard to cut the signature on the (佩裏に銘をきるのが一般), and that the is a point not to be overlooked; on the piece they add that the calligraphy of the precisely matches the example certified as an Important Art Object (銘字の書風は重要美術品認定のものと全く同調).

His standing is best taken from the school he opens rather than from a rivalry. Enji stands at the top of the genealogy as the son of Moritsugu, the name descending through the line to the late . The published sources note that signed Enji survive in relatively greater numbers than for most of his fellows, so the difficulty for the connoisseur is less one of authentication than of generation, of placing a given signed blade early or late within the run of the name. What recurs across his record as his own is consistent: the crepe with its and faint reflection, the bright tight over a quiet , the two-character signature above steep file marks. These are not borrowed from a greater contemporary but are the early seen at its source, and unsigned attributions to the school rest on exactly this combination.

The Toko Taikan values his work in the middle range, and three of his blades stand on the official record as designated works. There are no National Treasures or Important Cultural Properties among them. The earliest are the two prewar Important Art Object , one recorded in the Kozan and the Imamura , held by Konoe Fumimaro and now in the Yomei Bunko in Kyoto; the other owned at its designation by Seto Yasutaro of Hyogo. Above these stands a single raised to , with its record on the blade. Enji is accordingly a smith of the early more approachable than the great names yet still uncommon: his signed appear from time to time and with patience, and most carry only the bare two characters of his name, so that placing the generation falls to the eye reading the crepe and the bright . A piece with secure provenance of the kind the Yomei Bunko preserves, transmitted with its history and certified for its calligraphy, is the rarest among them and a landmark when one is encountered.

Kantei

one school-defining Ko-Aoe register across signed tachi, read by date into an early-Kamakura prime (ubu koshizori sugata, sumi-hada and midare-utsuri in the ji) and a mid-Kamakura Bun'ei generation, the temporal split the published sources draw over the several Enji of the meikan

Nobutsugu (read Enji) is a Bitchu smith of Ko-Aoe, the early Aoe group active around Aoe and Manju in the lower Takahashi River basin, where Kibi province had been famed for its iron since the eleventh century. The published sources give him as the first-generation Enji, traditionally the son of Ko-Aoe Moritsugu, with the name then carried down to the late Kamakura; the reference compilations note several smiths signing 延次, so a generation question sits over the corpus. His authenticated work is the signed tachi keeping a bare two-character signature on the ha-ura near the tang tip, cut with a fine chisel in somewhat large characters. Over a tightly forged ko-itame that takes on the crepe-like chirimen-hada of the school, with clear sumi-hada patches, ji-madara and midare-utsuri, he tempers a suguha-base shallowly notare with ko-gunome and ko-choji, ko-ashi entering, the nioiguchi tight and brightly clear. The two prewar Jubi pieces divide on date: one is held to the early Kamakura with an ubu kijimomo tang, the other assigned to the Bun'ei era of the mid-Kamakura, the temporal split the published record itself draws.

Diagnostic discriminators

50% of his works

50% of his works

100% of his works

100% of his works

Observation by phase

The early-Kamakura Ko-Aoe tachi (his prime hand)

The authenticated hand is the signed tachi, slender and koshizori with funbari and a small kissaki, the tang on the least altered pieces remaining ubu in the kijimomo (pheasant-thigh) shape. The jigane is a tightly forged ko-itame with fine ji-nie and chikei, the grain standing up into the crepe-like chirimen-hada of the school; clear sumi-hada patches appear, ji-madara intermingles, and a midare-utsuri stands over it. The temper is a suguha-base shallowly notare, mixed with ko-gunome and ko-choji, ko-ashi entering well, the nioiguchi tending tight and showing bright and clear; the boshi turns back in ko-maru. The published sources single out that brightly clear nioiguchi as the superb point of the work and read the sugata and the ji-ha back to the early Kamakura.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The mid-Kamakura Bun'ei generation

less firmly established

The published record separates a second Enji from the prime hand: the reference compilations carry several smiths of the name, and one piece is traditionally assigned to the mid-Kamakura, around the Bun'ei era of 1264 to 1274. It keeps the slender form and small kissaki of the school, with a tightly packed ko-itame, fine ji-nie and a tendency toward utsuri; the temper begins in a gunome manner and resolves into a slightly ko-nie-laden suguha with ko-ashi. The label rests on the genealogy of the name rather than on a different hand, and the published sources mark it as the later generation against the early-Kamakura prime.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

On the Tokubetsu Juyo tachi the published sources read a ko-itame taking on the crepe-like chirimen-hada with sumi-hada and o-hada intermingled, a suguha-cho shallowly notare with ko-gunome and ko-choji, and a nioiguchi that is tight, bright and clear, and they note that the calligraphy of the signature precisely matches the example certified as an Important Art Object.

The reference compilations carry several smiths signing Enji from the early Kamakura onward, and the published sources read one Jubi tachi back to the early Kamakura on its ubu kijimomo tang, sumi-hada and midare-utsuri, while assigning another to the Bun'ei era of the mid-Kamakura.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken—

Elite Standing

0.10 across 3 designated works

Top 18% among smiths

Provenance

3 documented provenances across certified works by Nobutsugu

Provenance Standing

0 works held in elite collections across 3 documented provenances

Top 61% among smiths

Raw score: 1.94 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 3 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 3 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Nobutsugu
Student
  1. 1.Nobutsugu延次

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康次11designated
  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Masatsune正恒16designated
  10. 10.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  11. 11.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  12. 12.Moritoshi守利9designated