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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Uda
  3. Ko-Uda
  4. Kunimitsu

Ko-Uda Kunimitsu

國光

Jūyō
Vol. 45, No. 41 · Tachi

Ko-Uda Kunimitsu

國光

9 ranked works

ProvinceEtchuEraTeiji (1362–1368)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolUda>Ko-UdaTraditionWakimonoGeneration2ndTeacherKunimitsuToko Taikan600(top 21%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN503
9Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kunimitsu is the founder of the Uda school, the monk-smith remembered as Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu, who is held to have come from Uda District in Yamato and to have settled at Uzu in around the Bunpō era of the late period. The published sources treat his name as the hinge of the whole attribution. Almost no securely signed work of the first generation survives, so his earliest pieces are read by their strong Yamato character and attributed to him as Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu, while a body of signed Uda Kunimitsu and reaching across the and into the early period carries the name into its later generations. A Kunimitsu blade may therefore date anywhere from the late down to the Ōei era, and the published record cautions that the school's makers individuate little, so that the appraisal rests on era and school more than on a single hand.

His work is read in two manners with one diagnostic holding them together. The first is the Yamato root the school never lost. Over a wood-grain that flows and tends to stand he tempers a or a quiet , and into the he works the activity the published sources name as the school's own: a crossing , fine , crescent , and a that runs straight into a small round or sweeps off in . On the dated Genō the reads the construction itself as a confession of origin, observing that the large round, burned-off tip is the work of a Yamato-born hand (大丸風に焼詰めた帽子は大和出身を物語っている). It is the calmest, most archaic face of Kunimitsu, and the one the older attributed to the founder most often wear.

The is where the appraisal begins and ends. His is an , frequently mixed with and a flowing grain, the surface standing rather than lying flat, with adhering and dark entering. On his most characteristic blades the steel carries a blackish cast, and on one signed it grows hazy and whitens as it stands. The published sources keep returning to this northern color as the thing that tells the school apart, reading a darkened on one signed as the distinct flavor of a northern-province blade (地がねが黒みをおびている点には北国物特有の持味を見せている). Over that the hardening runs in rather than , with streaming through more than half his blades and through a third, and a that tends to sink rather than to glow. The way the itself gathers along the is named on one as an Uda mark in its own right.

The second manner is the -leaning one of the period. The published sources trace it to the Uda study under Norishige, with the smith called Gō set beside him as a model, and grant that many works of this period call the tradition to mind while insisting that none are of purely construction. Here the temper opens into a or a base broken by and , deep in , the well applied, with drifting and and running freely, and the turns into a or points faintly at the tip. One signed Uda Kunimitsu is read for exactly this division. The records that among there are two kinds, one finely forged with fine and a bright steel, the other with standing grain and large and a steel carrying a blackish cast, and assigns the two to different ancestries, holding that the former transmits the current of Yoshihiro and the latter that of Norishige (前者は義弘、後者は則重の流れを伝えている). That single sentence is the clearest statement the school leaves of how its debt actually divides.

What keeps a -laden Kunimitsu blade from a verdict is precisely the northern and the sinking the second-manner pieces never lose. A blade dense with , and that would read as a high hand at first sight is returned to by its darkened, standing and its subdued temper, and the published sources are explicit that the resemblance stops at construction. Against the true masters the contrast runs through his own grounded traits rather than theirs: the Yamato he never sheds, the and and , and the blackish steel that no Norishige or Gō blade shows. His sons Kunifusa and Kunimune carried the school forward into the period, Kunifusa drawing the tradition into the Uda manner, and the Kunimitsu name itself was taken up by several later smiths, the published record placing one signed blade with the second generation and another with the Ōei-era Kunimitsu of the early fifteenth century.

The whole of his recorded work sits in the tier, where ten blades are held, a mix of attributed to the founder as Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu and signed Uda Kunimitsu and of the later generations. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties, and the published record preserves no provenance or museum holding for his blades, so the honest account is of a school name carried by -ranked work rather than of a roll-call of famous swords. The singles out the best of these for the soundness of both and , calling one darkened a piece of restrained, austere quality (渋味のある優品), and naming the along its as the Uda tell (刃縁の沸のつき方に宇多の特色がみられる). A Kunimitsu blade is not beyond reach in the way a National Treasure is, since the body that survives is and from time to time one of the signed later-generation pieces or an attributed changes hands, but the founder's own securely first-generation work is among the rarer things a collector of the northern schools could hope to encounter, and most of what exists is held rather than traded. For a student of how the Yamato and currents met in the northern provinces, his blades are the place where that meeting can actually be seen.

Kantei

one founder read in two manners and one diagnostic: the Yamato root, an itame with nagare and standing grain under a suguha or quiet ko-midare with kuichigai-ba, hotsure, uchinoke and hakikake; the Nanbokuchō Sōshū-leaning manner of notare and gunome with deep nioi, abundant nie, kinsuji and sunagashi, traced to the Uda study under Norishige; and across both the dark, kasu-datsu northern jigane and sinking nioiguchi that separate Ko-Uda from true Sōshū.

Kunimitsu is the founder of the Uda school and the name around which the attribution turns. The published sources hold that a monk-smith called Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu migrated around the Bunpō era of the late period from Uda District in Yamato to Uzu in , becoming the patriarch of the Uda group, and that the name was taken up by several later smiths down into the period, so that a Kunimitsu blade may date anywhere from the late into the Ōei era. Almost no fully reliable signed work of the first-generation founder survives; the earliest pieces are read by their strong Yamato character and attributed to him as Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu, while the body of signed Uda Kunimitsu and across the and early periods are taken for the later generations of the name. Two manners run through his work. One is the Yamato root the school never lost, an with flowing and standing grain under a or quiet carrying , , and . The other is a -leaning manner traced to the Uda study under Norishige, in which the temper opens into notare and with deep , abundant , and . What keeps a Kunimitsu blade from being read as true is the northern the published sources return to: a dark, slightly hazy steel that grows kasu-datsu in places, with a that tends to sink rather than to glow.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs true Sōshū-den (Norishige / Gō), bright clear steel

unique vs true Sōshū-den (Yamato hataraki absent)

Observation by phase

The Yamato root (suguha and quiet ko-midare)

The school's home province was Yamato, in Uda District, and the published sources hold that Kunimitsu's workmanship naturally keeps a Yamato temperament. In this manner the is an with flowing grain and a tendency to stand, at times mixed with , adhering. Over it the temper is a or , sometimes opening into a shallow or a quiet , with entering and well adhered, carrying the Yamato the sources name as the school's own: , , and frequent . The runs straight into a or sweeps into a , often with . The published sources read these calmer blades as the more archaic, -leaning face of Kunimitsu, and on one of them note that the high construction itself reflects the home province of Yamato.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Sōshū-leaning manner (Nanbokuchō, after Norishige)

The second manner is the -leaning one. The published sources trace it to the Uda study under Norishige, with the smith called Gō named as a model alongside him, and grant that many Uda works of this period call the tradition to mind while cautioning that none are of purely construction. Here the is an , the texture standing, with adhering and entering. Over it the temper is a or base mixed with and , deep in , the well applied, with drifting and and running. The is a or a that points faintly at the tip. One signed Uda Kunimitsu is read for exactly this division: the published sources say that among there are two kinds, one with fine forging and fine and a bright steel that follows Yoshihiro, the other with standing grain and large and a steel carrying a blackish cast that follows Norishige, and they place that blade with the second-generation name.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The northern jigane (what keeps it from being Sōshū)

The third aspect is not a period but the diagnostic the appraisal turns on. A -leaning Kunimitsu blade can recall a high hand, so the published sources name the features that hold it back. The takes on a blackish cast, a texture they read as a northern-province character, and on one it grows hazy and -datsu, the steel whitening as it stands. The way the gathers along the is itself named as an Uda mark. These are the marks by which a blade dense with , and is appraised not as but as . The published sources also stress that the school's makers individuate little, so the appraisal is to the school and its era; one entry sets the founder's migration at the Bunpō era of the late period and notes that the name continued for several generations down to the Ōei era.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The published sources define Kunimitsu as the founder of the Uda school, a smith of Yamato origin from Uda District who migrated to Uzu in Etchū around the Bunpō era of the late Kamakura period, with his sons Kunifusa and Kunimune and the smiths Kunitsugu active in the Nanbokuchō era; they note that the founder's reliably signed work is scarcely seen, that the name recurred for several generations down to the Ōei era, and that the school's makers individuate little, so an appraisal rests on era and school rather than on an individual hand.

On the Sōshū connection the published sources record two kinds among Ko-Uda: one with fine forging and fine chikei and a bright steel that follows Yoshihiro, the other with standing grain and large chikei and a steel of blackish cast that follows Norishige, so that many Nanbokuchō works recall the Sōshū tradition, while cautioning that none are of purely Sōshū construction and that the northern jigane returns the verdict to Ko-Uda.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken9

Elite Standing

0.07 across 9 designated works

Top 20% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 9 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 9 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunimitsu
Kunimitsu
Students (4)
  1. 1.Kunimitsu國光9designated
  2. 2.Tomotsugu友次3designated
  3. 3.Kunitsugu國次1designated
  4. 4.Kunifusa國房1 for sale1designated

Ko-Uda School

Other artisans of the Ko-Uda school

  1. 1.Ko-Uda古宇多5 for sale51designated
  2. 2.Kunifusa國房17designated
  3. 3.Tomonori友則4designated
  4. 4.Kunitsugu國次1designated
  5. 5.Kunifusa國房1 for sale1designated
  6. 6.Kunimitsu國光2designated