NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Ko-Bizen
  3. Toshitsune

Ko-Bizen Toshitsune

利恒

Jūyō
Vol. 8, No. 26 · Katana

Ko-Bizen Toshitsune

利恒

21 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraGenryaku (1184–1185)PeriodKamakuraSchoolKo-BizenTraditionBizen-denGeneration1stTeacherMasatsuneFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeTOS123
1Jūyō Bunkazai
3Jūyō Bijutsuhin
17Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Toshitsune is a smith of the Masatsune line, working at the close of the period and into the early , and the published sources transmit him as a disciple of Masatsune, in one account a son of Mitsutsune. A signed of his, designated an Important Cultural Property, survives at the Kyoto National Museum, and three more signed were named Important Art Objects in the prewar designations. He is, for an old- name, comparatively well recorded: signed pieces survive in notable number alongside a body of shortened, unsigned blades attributed to him on workmanship, so that the in fact lists three smiths who carried the name across the Shogen, Bunryaku and Kencho eras. His standing is fixed by the lineage he extends. The judges write that both his signature and his work make the relationship with the school's founder readily plausible, finding his blades to 'support the relationship with Masatsune' (正恒との関係も首肯し得る).

The core of his hand is a -based , the calm old- temper the published sources read as recalling Masatsune. Into a shallow, small irregular line he mixes , and small , with and entering well, adhering, and frequent and running through the edge. On one of his finest signed the published sources single out the and that entwine the small at the base as splendid. The runs straight into a small round, at times finishing with a tendency and . The shape beneath it is the old- bearing: at base slender, the high with , the curve settling into a .

The is the constant. He forges an , in places a tighter and in places standing a little, with and frequent ; over it a rises, clearing on his best pieces into a distinct , the speckled reflection of old steel. The published sources note that where the gathers strongly the is the less conspicuous, so the reflection comes and goes with the steel rather than standing uniform. On the latest of his the judges describe an mixed with and tending to stand, thick and frequent , with the emerging clearly and the bright, and conclude that the blade 'fully manifests the distinctive qualities and virtues of ' (古備前物の特色と美点を十二分に示しており).

What the published sources name as Toshitsune's own tell, though, is . Distinct from Masatsune, many of his blades, signed and shortened alike, are broad in and dignified in construction, the at times compact toward , and over them the activity within the is a step more florid: the small opens into and a , enters the standing , and on one gathers in the upper half into . The Jubun at Kyoto and several signed examples carve , while one bears devotional at the base, with and with . The judges record three smiths of the name in the , which accounts for the variation in both signature and emphasis, and treat the spread as one tradition rather than two manners. The signed , the published sources observe, include some whose edge is, like Masatsune, slightly subdued, and others somewhat more brilliant and florid, 'but in every case the is rounded' (すべて帽子は丸い).

That rounded , with the well-ordered , is exactly the thread by which the judges keep him within the line even on his broadest, most florid work. Reviewing his wide, dignified , they grant that the construction is broader and the more flamboyant than Masatsune's, yet add that the refined and the rounded let one perceive the continuation of Masatsune's style. They affirm such blades from era and school, naming the imposing construction, 'a wide blade with a dignified presence' (身幅が広く堂々とした), as one of Toshitsune's distinctive traits. His work 'well displays the characteristic features of the Masatsune group' (正恒一類の特色をよく示しており), the verdict that recurs across his entries. He stands among the old- hands at the threshold before the flowering of the Fukuoka , his most decorative pieces reaching a but never the full clove-flower of the mid-.

For the collector he is one of the more attainable of the old- names, which for a late- to early- smith is a relative thing. Fujishiro grades him Jo-jo , and his Toko Taikan valuation places him among the higher-ranked old- hands. He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through a single Important Cultural Property, three prewar Important Art Objects, and seventeen blades in the and tiers, of which only a part can ever change hands. The Important Cultural Property is held at the Kyoto National Museum, and others are preserved in long-standing institutional collections, the Sano Art Museum and the Mori Shusui Museum of Art among them; among the recorded provenances are the Suwa family, whose descends with a fine - bearing the Suwa crest, and the prewar collectors Ide Tokuichi, Otomo Tsunetaro and Yamauchi Toyokage. One signed crossed to the United States in the celebrated Compton collection. A signed, unshortened Toshitsune comes to light only from time to time, and a privately held example is a document of how forged at its beginnings, the calm root from which its most brilliant traditions would grow.

Kantei

one Ko-Bizen hand read through grade and emphasis: the typical suguha-based ko-midare that recalls Masatsune, the calm core of his signed and mumei work, set against the broad, dignified blades whose temper is a step more florid in midare and choji over a clear jifu-utsuri, held within the line by the well-ordered jigane and the rounded boshi

Toshitsune is a Ko-Bizen smith of the Masatsune line, working at the close of the Heian and into the early Kamakura period, transmitted as a disciple of Masatsune and, in some references, as a son of Mitsutsune. He is one of the better-recorded old-Bizen names: signed tachi survive in comparatively good number, all bearing a bold two-character mei cut with a thick chisel, alongside a body of o-suriage mumei katana confidently attributed to him on workmanship. The published sources read one hand through a range of quality and emphasis rather than two manners. Over a tachi that is at base slender and high in koshizori with funbari and a small kissaki he forges an itame, in places ko-itame and standing a little, with ji-nie, chikei, and a midare-utsuri that clears on his best pieces into a distinct jifu-utsuri. The temper is a suguha-based ko-midare mixed with ko-choji, ko-gunome and small midare, ashi and yo well in, ko-nie adhering with frequent kinsuji and sunagashi, the boshi straight into a small round. The published sources name this a hamon and boshi that call Masatsune to mind, the principal points of old Bizen well displayed. His own tell, the NBTHK stresses, is sugata: distinct from Masatsune many of his blades are broad and dignified, the activity a step more florid, yet the well-ordered jigane and the rounded boshi keep him within the line.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Masatsune (slenderer old-Bizen build)

Observation by phase

The suguha-based ko-midare (his typical hand, recalling Masatsune)

His core record is the signed tachi in a suguha-based ko-midare. The shape is the old Bizen bearing of the late Heian and early Kamakura: at base slender with a clear difference between base and tip width, a high koshizori with funbari, the sori settling toward a small kissaki. Over a well-forged itame, in places ko-itame and standing a little, he sets ji-nie, frequent chikei, and a faint utsuri that on the best pieces becomes a clear midare-utsuri. The temper is shallow and small, a suguha-toned ko-midare mixed with ko-choji and ko-gunome, ashi and yo entering well, ko-nie adhering, with sunagashi and kinsuji running through, the nioiguchi at times settling toward shizumi. The boshi is straight into a small round, occasionally tending toward yakizume with hakikake. He carves a bo-hi on both sides on the suriage pieces, and on one signed tachi bonji with goma-bashi and bonji with suken at the base. The published sources hold this to be a hamon and boshi that call Masatsune to mind, and praise the kinsuji and sunagashi entwining the small midare as splendid; where ji-nie gathers strongly the utsuri is the less conspicuous.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The broad, dignified sugata with more florid temper (his own tell, distinct from Masatsune)

The other face of his record, the one the published sources name as his own, is sugata. Distinct from Masatsune, many of Toshitsune's blades, signed and o-suriage mumei alike, are broad in mihaba and dignified in construction, the chu-kissaki at times compact toward ikubi, and over them the activity within the hamon is a step more florid: a small midare opening into ko-choji and choji-midare, jifu mixed in the standing itame, a clear jifu-utsuri, ashi and yo entering frequently, deep nioi with ko-nie well adhering, and on one ubu tachi yubashiri gathering in the upper half into nijuba. Yet, as the published sources are careful to add, the well-ordered jigane and the rounded boshi let one perceive the continuity of Masatsune's line. The judges affirm these wide mumei katana from era and school, the imposing construction recognized as one of Toshitsune's distinctive traits.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources transmit Toshitsune as a disciple of Masatsune of Ko-Bizen, in one account a son of Mitsutsune, note that his extant works are comparatively numerous and all of high quality, and judge that his ji and ha share the workmanship of the Masatsune line, so that even an o-suriage mumei katana can be conclusively placed within it. The swordbooks (Meikan) enumerate three smiths bearing the name, active around the Shogen, Bunryaku and Kencho eras.

The judges draw the distinction within his own work clearly: signed tachi by Toshitsune are few but some survive, and they include examples whose edge is, like Masatsune, slightly subdued, and conversely others that are somewhat more brilliant and florid in feeling, but in all cases the boshi is rounded. This rounded boshi, with the well-ordered jigane, is named as the feature by which the continuation of Masatsune's style is perceived even on his broader, more florid mumei katana.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin3
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken17

Elite Standing

0.22 across 21 designated works

Top 11% among smiths

Provenance

4 documented provenances across certified works by Toshitsune

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances

Top 69% among smiths

Raw score: 1.90 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 21 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 21 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherMasatsune
Toshitsune

Ko-Bizen School

Other artisans of the Ko-Bizen school

  1. 1.Tomonari友成34designated
  2. 2.Masatsune正恒66designated
  3. 3.Kanehira包平32designated
  4. 4.Kageyasu景安1 for sale27designated
  5. 5.Yoshikane吉包46designated
  6. 6.Nobufusa信房13designated
  7. 7.Naritaka成高9designated
  8. 8.Yukihide行秀16designated
  9. 9.Sukekane助包1 for sale28designated
  10. 10.Motochika基近4designated
  11. 11.Junkei順慶7designated
  12. 12.Tsunemitsu恒光8designated