Among the works of the published sources place Tomonari as the smith whose manner is the most classically archaic and who at the time carries the highest dignity. Together with Masatsune he is counted one of the two pillars (双璧) of the school, and the descriptions return to a single comparison between the pair: that Tomonari is marked by the excellence of his while Masatsune is marked by the excellence of his kitae2. The published record traces the line back to a founding Tomonari placed around the Eien era of the late Heian period, and notes that the same name was carried through several generations down to about the mid-Kamakura period; because surviving tachi bear Katei-era dates of the early Kamakura, the name cannot have belonged to a single man.
The published sources separate the two masters further by their utsuri. Where Masatsune shows utsuri that is clearly visible, Tomonari's tends to be faint, and the descriptions record works in which it scarcely appears at all. They add that his jigane inclines slightly toward a blackish iron color, and that he favored carving bo-hi, a feature comparatively uncommon in Masatsune; the same notes remark that a Tomonari tachi without bo-hi is rare.
The sugata the descriptions assign to him is the slender tachi of the period: shinogi-zukuri with iori-mune, high koshizori with marked funbari, the curvature settling slightly toward the tip, closed by a ko-kissaki. The forging is itame-hada mixed with mokume, the grain standing a little in places (hada-dachi), ji-nie applied and chikei woven through; over this a faint midare-utsuri rises, and in some blades the descriptions note a ji-fu or ji-madara texture mixed into the hada. The temper is a suguha-based pattern carrying ko-midare as its main theme, into which ko-choji and ko-gunome enter; the nioi is deep, ko-nie adheres thickly, ashi and yo work within the ha, and sunagashi and kinsuji run through it. The boshi is a quiet ko-maru, at times tending to yakizume.
The published sources order his signed work by the length of the inscription. Compared with the long signatures such as Bizen no Kuni Tomonari and Bizen no Kuni Tomonari saku, the descriptions write, the longer forms more often accompany workmanship of a markedly archaic character3, while blades signed simply Tomonari or Tomonari saku show ji and ha that are more orderly and are appraised as somewhat later in date. The notes record several forms of his signature: Bizen no Kuni Tomonari, Bizen no Kuni Tomonari tsukuru, Tomonari saku, and Tomonari. They observe a particular complication of the corpus: that certain blades originally bore Katei-era dates which were later erased, the descriptions reason, to make the work appear that of an older Tomonari. Of the blades that survive, the published sources judge those whose ji and ha most effectively express the archaic, elegant taste of early Ko-Bizen to be the ones that most readily stand comparison with Tomonari himself, and one such tachi they call the work that most fully expresses the archaic refinement of old Bizen4.
Tomonari is Sai-jo saku in Fujishiro's grading and stands at the head of the field by the weight of designation against his name. Three of his blades are National Treasures, with seven Important Cultural Properties above eight works in the Tokubetsu Juyo and Juyo tiers. Of his recorded works most can never trade, eight held in the National Treasure and Important Cultural Property tiers and another eight in the Tokuju and Juyo tiers; the Maruguchitachi, a Meibutsu since the Muromachi period, passed by way of Tanaka Mitsuaki to Emperor Meiji, and several of his tachi remain in the Imperial Household. The institutions that hold him include Nikko Toshogu, Itsukushima Jinja, the Tokyo National Museum, the Okura Museum of Art, the Kyushu National Museum, Takateru Jinja, Seikado Bunko Art Museum, the Mouri Museum and Ise Jingu. Eighteen of his blades carry a recorded provenance, among the holders the Imperial Family, Emperor Meiji, the Himeji Sakai Family, the Satake Family, Taira no Munemori, Ashikaga Takauji and the Mito Tokugawa Family. A Tomonari coming into open hands is among the rarest events in the field.
Historical importance
Where Tomonari stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.