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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Ko-Bizen
  3. Tomonari

Ko-Bizen Tomonari

友成

Tokujū
Vol. 13, No. 14 · Tachi

Ko-Bizen Tomonari

友成

34 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraEien (987–989)PeriodHeianSchoolKo-BizenTraditionBizen-denGeneration1stFujishiroSai-jo saku(Supreme Work)Toko Taikan3,500(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeTOM134
3Kokuhō
7Jūyō Bunkazai
9Jūyō Bijutsuhin
7Gyobutsu
3Tokubetsu Jūyō5Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Among the works of the published sources place Tomonari as the smith whose manner is the most classically archaic and who at the time carries the highest dignity (最も古雅な作風を示し、且つ品格の高い). Together with Masatsune he is counted one of the two pillars (双璧) of the school, and the descriptions return to a single comparison between the pair: that Tomonari is marked by the excellence of his while Masatsune is marked by the excellence of his (友成には姿の良さが、正恒には鍛えの良さが目立つ). The published record traces the line back to a founding Tomonari placed around the Eien era of the late period, and notes that the name was carried through several generations down to about the mid- period; because surviving bear Katei-era dates of the early , the name cannot have belonged to a single man.

The published sources separate the two masters further by their . Where Masatsune shows that is clearly visible, Tomonari's tends to be faint, and the descriptions record works in which it scarcely appears at all. They add that his inclines slightly toward a blackish iron color, and that he favored carving , a feature comparatively uncommon in Masatsune; the notes remark that a Tomonari without is rare.

The the descriptions assign to him is the slender of the period: with , high with marked , the curvature settling slightly toward the tip, closed by a . The forging is mixed with , the grain standing a little in places (), applied and woven through; over this a faint rises, and in some blades the descriptions note a - or texture mixed into the . The temper is a -based pattern carrying as its main theme, into which and enter; the is deep, adheres thickly, and work within the , and and run through it. The is a quiet , at times tending to .

The published sources order his signed work by the length of the inscription. Compared with the long signatures such as no Tomonari and no Tomonari , the descriptions write, the longer forms more often accompany workmanship of a markedly archaic character (長銘の方が一段と古調な出来口が多い), while blades signed simply Tomonari or Tomonari show and that are more orderly and are appraised as somewhat later in date. The notes record several forms of his signature: no Tomonari, no Tomonari , Tomonari , and Tomonari. They observe a particular complication of the corpus: that certain blades originally bore Katei-era dates which were later erased, the descriptions reason, to make the work appear that of an older Tomonari. Of the blades that survive, the published sources judge those whose and most effectively express the archaic, elegant taste of early to be the ones that most readily stand comparison with Tomonari himself, and one such they call the work that most fully expresses the archaic refinement of old (古備物の古雅な趣を最もよく表わした).

Tomonari is Sai-jo in Fujishiro's grading and stands at the head of the field by the weight of designation against his name. Three of his blades are National Treasures, with seven Important Cultural Properties above eight works in the and tiers. Of his recorded works most can never trade, eight held in the National Treasure and Important Cultural Property tiers and another eight in the Tokuju and tiers; the Maruguchi , a since the period, passed by way of Tanaka Mitsuaki to Emperor Meiji, and several of his remain in the Imperial Household. The institutions that hold him include Nikko Toshogu, Itsukushima Jinja, the Tokyo National Museum, the Okura Museum of Art, the Kyushu National Museum, Takateru Jinja, Seikado Bunko Art Museum, the Mouri Museum and Jingu. Eighteen of his blades carry a recorded provenance, among the holders the Imperial Family, Emperor Meiji, the Himeji Sakai Family, the Satake Family, Taira no Munemori, Ashikaga Takauji and the Mito Tokugawa Family. A Tomonari coming into open hands is among the rarest events in the field.

Kantei

the Ko-Bizen archetype: nie-based ko-midare over a standing, jifu-laden itame; an early founder hand

Tomonari is one of the founding smiths of and among the oldest names in the Japanese sword. His work is the archetype: a small, gentle in deep over a standing laced with and a vivid , finished with a calm . The is the slender, deeply of the late and early .

Diagnostic discriminators

80% of his works

85% of his works

60% of his works

40% of his works

Observation by phase

Ko-Bizen ko-midare (the typical manner)

A standing , often with and a vivid , carries a small based on , mixed with a little , deep in with and ; the a calm .

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The name spans more than one generation; early Tomonari are placed in the late Heian, with later hands into the Kamakura period.

Designations

Kokuhō3
Jūyō Bunkazai7
Jūyō Bijutsuhin9
Gyobutsu7
Tokubetsu Jūyō3
Jūyō Tōken5

Elite Standing

1.84 across 34 designated works

Top 1% among smiths

Provenance

27 documented provenances across certified works by Tomonari

Provenance Standing

15 works held in elite collections across 27 documented provenances

Top 2% among smiths

Raw score: 3.59 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 34 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 34 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Tomonari
Students (4)
  1. 1.Yukihide行秀16designated
  2. 2.Muneyasu宗安2designated
  3. 3.Suketomo助友2designated
  4. 4.Sukehide助秀1designated

Ko-Bizen School

Other artisans of the Ko-Bizen school

  1. 1.Masatsune正恒66designated
  2. 2.Kanehira包平32designated
  3. 3.Kageyasu景安1 for sale27designated
  4. 4.Yoshikane吉包46designated
  5. 5.Nobufusa信房13designated
  6. 6.Naritaka成高9designated
  7. 7.Yukihide行秀16designated
  8. 8.Sukekane助包1 for sale28designated
  9. 9.Motochika基近4designated
  10. 10.Junkei順慶7designated
  11. 11.Tsunemitsu恒光8designated
  12. 12.Toshitsune利恒21designated