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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
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  1. Schools
  2. Ko-Bizen
  3. Yoshikane

Ko-Bizen Yoshikane

吉包

Tokujū
Vol. 7, No. 23 · Tachi

Ko-Bizen Yoshikane

吉包

46 ranked works

ProvinceBizenErac. 1150–1220PeriodKamakuraSchoolKo-BizenTraditionBizen-denTeacherNagakaneFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYOS225
3Jūyō Bunkazai
6Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Gyobutsu
7Tokubetsu Jūyō28Jūyō Tōken

Overview

When a signed of Yoshikane was designated at the seventh session in 1980, the commentary called it "a typical work of Yoshikane in the quality of the and and in the manner of the signature alike" (地刃の出来、銘振りともに古備前吉包の典型作). Yoshikane (吉包) was a smith, or more probably several smiths, of the school of province, active from the end of the period into the early period. For so early a hand his works survive in comparative number and in a nearly uniform style. From the and the workmanship the published sources read several smiths of the name across slightly different dates, all of them judged , and they leave the question of generations open. The name recurs a little later in the early Fukuoka school of the province, so that the appraisal of any Yoshikane begins by deciding between the two. Fujishiro rates him Jo-jo .

His are slender, with high and marked , closing in a small that often inclines gently forward; the published sources call the figure classical and graceful, and one entry adds that pieces in which blade and alike seem to carry rather little "are frequent in Yoshikane" (上も茎もやや平肉のつかない感じのものは吉包に多い). The forging is the first of his marks: an that stands out, mixing o- in places and patches of , with attaching well. The states the point outright, writing that "within it is the comparatively standing that is the characteristic of this smith" (古備前の中でも比較的に肌立つものが此の工の特色). The second lies in the temper, whose sinks rather than brightens; describing a , the published sources name the pair together, finding that "Yoshikane's character appears in points such as the sinking tendency of the and the standing of the " (匂口が沈みごころで地がねの肌立つ点などに吉包の特色が表われている).

The itself is a -toned line that undulates shallowly into , mixing and traces of . and enter busily, attaches, and and run through the . At times the temper is dropped above the , and here the published record is careful with its own evidence, noting that "is not confined to this smith but is met with from time to time in work" (焼落しは此の工に限らず古備前物にまま経眼するところである). A does appear, but it is held in check rather than bright: on the refined blades the published sources find only a faint , while a wider shows a more conspicuous , so that the reflection runs from quiet to plain but never reaches the standing brilliance of the namesake. The runs to , frequently with at the point.

The published record divides his work and his into two manners, a small signature on a slender blade with a -toned against a somewhat larger signature on a wider blade quenched in , and it states that "the former is regarded as the earlier in date" (前者の方が時代が遡るとみられる). The earlier register is known above all through an bearing a gold-inlay attribution by Kochu, designated at the twenty-fifth session with an - of gold bearing chrysanthemum and paulownia crests. There the standing gives way to a tight with and a faint , the widening into a broad tone with and ; of its the commentary writes that "the excellent forging built mainly on is praised" (小板目を主体にした精良な鍛えが称揚され), and it finds the broad, softly inflected deeply appealing. The scholarship has also moved within the record itself: a formerly carried a vermilion attribution to Nagamitsu, but on repolishing the and the proved distinctly older than Nagamitsu, and the blade was re-designated with the attribution changed to Yoshikane.

Inside the published sources separate him by exactly the traits above: the that stands more than in his fellow smiths, the that sinks, the quieter , the occasional . Against the namesake the line is drawn from his own side as well. The Yoshikane signs with a small two-character cut with a fine chisel, the character 包 differing in particular from the form, and the habit of adding is met with more often in the works; his temper keeps as its keynote with a restrained , where the namesake favors flamboyant under a standing . The published sources add the matter of supply: "in general more works of the survive, and Yoshikane is scarce" (概して一文字派の作が多く現存し、古備前吉包は少い).

The designated record now runs deep for so early a name: seven blades at the level and twenty-eight at , with a further group of Important Cultural Property and prewar Bijutsuhin , and two blades that descend in the Imperial Household. There is no National Treasure among them, and the early Imperial and Important Cultural Property blades are patrimony held in court and museum hands rather than pieces that trade. The provenance recorded behind the rest reaches court and houses alike: the Imperial Family through the Katsura-no-miya line, the Tokugawa and Kuroda houses, the Hisamatsu-Matsudaira and Matsudaira Yasuharu, the Yamauchi, and the Kikkawa family of Iwakuni, whose the commentary judged the piece "that can most fittingly be likened to Yoshikane among the many smiths of " (数多い古備前諸工の中でも最も吉包に擬せられるものがある); a signed descends from the Walter A. Compton collection. What a private collector may realistically encounter is the thirty-five blades of the and tiers, of which only some have a recorded whereabouts, and the published record itself remarks on how seldom the name comes to hand. A Yoshikane, above all a signed one, comes to market rarely and is among the rarer encounters that old affords.

Kantei

one prevailing signed manner, plus the broad-suguha, refined ko-itame group that the NBTHK judges the earlier of his two manners

Yoshikane is a smith of the late to early period whose works survive in comparative number and in a nearly uniform style, the reading several smiths of the name across slightly different dates, all judged . His tells inside are stated outright in the papers: a that stands out more than in his fellow hands, a that sinks (), and a restrained, rather than bright, , all on a -toned mixing , with busy and in ; at times the temper is dropped above the . A -name smith of the early school is separated from him by a larger , a differently cut 包, flamboyant and a standing .

Diagnostic discriminators

49% of his works · 4.1× vs Ko-Bizen Masatsune (MAS1228)

6% of his works · 2.0× vs Ko-Bizen Kanehira (KAN35)

31% of his works · 0.4× vs Ko-Bizen Sanemori (SAN143) / Yoshihira (YOS81)

the temper dropped above the machi appears on 2 of 49; among profiled Ko-Bizen peers only Masatsune (2%) and Nobufusa (25%, thin corpus) match it, so it supports the kantei rather than decides it. The NBTHK adds yakiotoshi is met with in Ko-Bizen work at large

Observation by phase

The typical Yoshikane: standing itame, sunken nioiguchi, ko-midare (the signed register)

the small, fine-chisel two-character mei Yoshikane (16 of 49 carry a two-character signature, rarely with saku added), cut a step smaller than the Ichimonji namesake's larger mei; the NBTHK reads a large-mei / small-mei spread inside this one name, the small mei the slightly earlier

A slender with high and , the upper blade inclining forward to a small point; the stands out, mixing o- in places and patches of , attaching, and a shows, quiet rather than bright. The is a -toned line undulating shallowly into , and traces of mixing, and entering busily, the sinking with , and running, and at times the temper is dropped above the (); the runs to , often with .

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The broad-suguha, refined ko-itame group (judged the earlier manner)

less firmly establishedo-suriage mumei katana, two of them carrying Hon'ami kinzogan attributions to Yoshikane, plus a near-ubu mumei tachi

Refined , tightly knit with attaching well and a faint rising; over it a broad -toned mixing and with , in small , the line wide and soft in feel. The divides his work and into two manners and judges this slender, -toned, small- group the earlier; the example is praised outright for the refinement of its forging.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

From the mei and the workmanship the NBTHK considers that several smiths of the name existed within Ko-Bizen, their style nonetheless nearly common.

His work divides into two manners, a small-mei, slender, suguha-toned group and a larger-mei, wider, ko-midare group, the former judged the earlier.

Against the Ichimonji namesake the Ko-Bizen mei is cut a step smaller with a fine chisel, the character 包 differing in particular.

Signing Yoshikane saku with the character saku added is also more frequent in the Ko-Bizen than in the Ichimonji works.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai3
Jūyō Bijutsuhin6
Gyobutsu2
Tokubetsu Jūyō7
Jūyō Tōken28

Elite Standing

0.76 across 46 designated works

Top 3% among smiths

Provenance

13 documented provenances across certified works by Yoshikane

Provenance Standing

7 works held in elite collections across 13 documented provenances

Top 8% among smiths

Raw score: 2.70 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 46 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 46 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherNagakane
Yoshikane

Ko-Bizen School

Other artisans of the Ko-Bizen school

  1. 1.Tomonari友成34designated
  2. 2.Masatsune正恒66designated
  3. 3.Kanehira包平32designated
  4. 4.Kageyasu景安1 for sale27designated
  5. 5.Nobufusa信房13designated
  6. 6.Naritaka成高9designated
  7. 7.Yukihide行秀16designated
  8. 8.Sukekane助包1 for sale28designated
  9. 9.Motochika基近4designated
  10. 10.Junkei順慶7designated
  11. 11.Tsunemitsu恒光8designated
  12. 12.Toshitsune利恒21designated