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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Ko-Aoe
  4. Sadatsugu

Aoe Sadatsugu

貞次

Jūyō
Vol. 22, No. 232 · Tachi

Aoe Sadatsugu

貞次

5 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraKaroku (1225–1227)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denGeneration2ndToko Taikan2,500(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeSAD727
3Jūyō Bunkazai
2Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Sadatsugu is an smith of Bicchu, working in the lower basin of the Takahashi River whose iron had been famous since the early-eleventh-century Sarugakki listed "the swords of Bicchu" among the notable products of the provinces. The published sources call him "a representative smith of the forges" (青江鍛冶の代表工である貞次), placing him with the tsugu-signing masters of the line, a name that was carried on within the school down into the period. They are equally clear about the difficulty he presents: among works bearing the name there are signatures cut in a small manner, in an ordinary proportion, and in a somewhat later hand, so that "Sadatsugu is thought not to have been one man" (一人ではないとみられる). His surviving signed blades are the spine of the record, and the one in the present catalogue is read, even within , as a work "of a somewhat later date" (古青江の中でもやや時代が下る).

His characteristic hand is the , with , deep in and finished with a , the signature cut in two characters on the near the and toward the , the the steeply slanted that marks a Bicchū tang. What distinguishes the work is not flamboyance but restraint: over the steel he sets a narrow , the drawn tight and carrying , into which only a measured and a little enter, with appearing here and there toward the . It is the calm opposite of the towering clove-flower of mainstream , and the published sources name the orderly with its suitably blended , set against the quality of the steel and a gentle bearing, "a piece that conveys the dignity of the school" (青江派の品格を感じさせる一口である).

The is where the school speaks. On the signed it is an mixed with , inclining toward nearer the edge, with adhering and mixed through; on the shortened blade it tightens into a well-packed with abundant and . Across both rises the the published sources call "a -toned " (地斑調の映り), the patchy reflection that stands in place of the clear of and is the surest mark separating his steel from the otherwise comparable work. The runs straight to a small round, on the basically straight with and a somewhat long , and on the later blade a is carved through.

What survives shows him in two registers of the one hand. The , two-character signed , with its small-style and file marks, is his recognized type, quiet and orderly. Against it stands an blade whose long folded-back signature was, at some shortening, repaired and remade into an affixed inscription reading "Sadatsugu, resident of Bicchū Province" (備中国住人貞次作); its multiple peg-holes show the blade was reduced more than once, yet the and the fine still carry the school's dignity. The variation in the manner of the signature across these works is exactly the evidence on which the published sources rest the conclusion that more than one smith used the name.

Within the line his hand sits beside the other tsugu-signing smiths, more subdued and astringent than the contemporary . His own grounded tells set him apart: the -toned in the steel, the narrow tight- rather than a flamboyant , and the file marks with the two-character signature that the school cuts where would not. These, rather than any borrowed comparison, are what the published sources name as the basis of the attribution.

For the collector he is a scarce early Bicchū name. The Tōkō Taikan places him high, and his record is led not by the open market but by designated heritage: three of his blades are Important Cultural Properties, among them the signed held by the Tokyo National Museum, a further signed preserved in Toyama, and the -attributed known as "Ō-," shortened and gold-inlaid with a appraisal. These are patrimony, held in museums and long-kept collections, and never come to market; one signed of recorded whereabouts descended through the Kuroda house. Below them only a small number reach the and tiers, so a signed Sadatsugu in private hands is among the rarer things a student of could hope to encounter, and one appears, when it does, only with patience.

Kantei

one Aoe hand seen across his surviving signed works: the deep-sori, chu-kissaki tachi with its two-character ha-ura mei and o-sujikai file marks, its itame-and-mokume or ko-itame ground carrying ji-nie, jifu and a jifu-toned utsuri, over which a narrow suguha runs tight in the nioiguchi with a little ko-gunome, ashi and tobiyaki, the boshi straight to a small round; ranging from the small-mei signed tachi to an o-suriage piece refitted with a folded-back hari-mei, all read as the calm, dignified Aoe manner

Sadatsugu is an Aoe smith of Bicchu, working in the lower basin of the Takahashi River that the eleventh-century Shin Sarugakki already singled out for its Bicchu swords, and the published sources count him among the representative smiths of the Aoe line, the name carried on down to the Nanbokucho period. They warn that the signature comes in a small manner, an ordinary manner, and a somewhat later manner, so that Sadatsugu is taken to be not one man but several. His recognized hand among the surviving signed works is the tachi, deep in sori with a chu-kissaki, signed in two characters on the ha-ura with the steeply slanted o-sujikai file marks of a Bicchu tang. Over an itame mixed with mokume and a masame-leaning tendency toward the edge, or a well-packed ko-itame with chikei, the steel takes ji-nie and patches of jifu that rise into a jifu-toned utsuri, and over it he sets a narrow suguha, the nioiguchi tight, mixed with a little ko-gunome, ashi entering and tobiyaki here and there, the boshi straight to a small round with a somewhat long return. The published sources read the orderly suguha with measured ko-gunome, set against the fine quality of the jigane and a calm, gentle bearing, as the dignity of the Aoe school. His record is led by the Important Cultural Property tachi in the Tokyo National Museum and the kinzogan-attributed katana known as Ō-Aoe.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Bizen baseline (clear midare-utsuri, no jifu ground)

his temper is a narrow suguha, the nioiguchi tight, with only a measured ko-gunome and slight ashi, not the flamboyant choji-midare of Bizen; the published sources read the orderly suguha as the calm dignity of the Aoe school

unique vs Ko-Bizen baseline (katte-sagari / kiri yasurime)

Observation by phase

The signed suguha tachi (his recognized hand)

The recognized record is the tachi, shinogi-zukuri with iori-mune, deep in sori with a chu-kissaki, standard in width with little taper on the shortened example. The ground runs in two related manners: an itame mixed with mokume, masame-inclined toward the edge, with ji-nie adhering and jifu mixed in; or a well-packed ko-itame with abundant ji-nie and chikei, on which a patchy jifu-toned utsuri stands. Over it the temper is a narrow suguha, the nioiguchi tight, mixed with a modest ko-gunome, slight ashi entering, nioi-dominant with ko-nie, and on the o-suriage piece a little tobiyaki near the monouchi of the sashi-ura. The boshi runs straight to a small round, on one piece basically straight with hakikake and a somewhat long return on both faces. The signature is cut in two characters on the ha-ura near the nakago-jiri, the file marks the steeply slanted o-sujikai of a Bicchu tang; the long folded-back hari-mei of the o-suriage wakizashi, repaired into an affixed inscription, reads as a resident of Bicchu. The published sources call this an ordinary suguha with a small-style signature, somewhat later within Ko-Aoe, and read the orderly suguha with measured ko-gunome, the fine jigane and the calm bearing as the dignity of the Aoe school.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record that among works bearing the name Sadatsugu there are examples with a small manner of signature, examples of ordinary proportion, and others appearing somewhat later in date, and that accordingly the name is taken not to denote a single individual; the suguha tachi with the small-style two-character signature is read as a work of a slightly later time within Ko-Aoe.

On the o-suriage wakizashi the published sources note that the multiple peg-holes show the blade was shortened on several occasions, and that at some stage the folded-back signature was repaired and remade into the present affixed inscription reading 'Sadatsugu, resident of Bicchu Province'; they affirm its orderly suguha and fine ko-itame as conveying the dignity of the Aoe school.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai3
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken2

Elite Standing

0.13 across 5 designated works

Top 15% among smiths

Provenance

1 documented provenance across certified works by Sadatsugu

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 1 documented provenances

Top 77% among smiths

Raw score: 1.88 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 5 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 5 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Sadatsugu
Students (2)
  1. 1.Sadatsugu貞次
  2. 2.Naritsugu成次

Aoe School

Other artisans of the Aoe school

  1. 1.Tsugunao次直27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康次11designated
  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Masatsune正恒16designated
  10. 10.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  11. 11.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  12. 12.Moritoshi守利9designated