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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Blade Forms·Signatures·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsBlade FormsSignaturesSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Aoe
  3. Ko-Aoe
  4. Hirotsugu

Aoe Hirotsugu

弘次

Tokujū
Vol. 25, No. 56 · Tachi

Aoe Hirotsugu

弘次

5 ranked works

ProvinceBitchuEraGenryaku (1184–1185)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAoeTraditionBizen-denToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeHIR112
1Jūyō Bunkazai
1Tokubetsu Jūyō3Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Hirotsugu is a smith of province whose surviving signed work falls across the early to middle period, the span under which the school's earliest and most archaic blades are gathered. The group worked at Ko'i and Manju in the lower Takahashi river basin, and is traditionally founded by Yasutsugu around the Jōan era of the early 1170s. The published sources place Hirotsugu within the as a son of Kunitsugu, his period given as Kōan, the name continuing through several recorded generations from the Genryaku era down to a late appearance in the Bunwa era of the period. Against that documentary placement the workmanship of his surviving reads older: the judges on the 24th-session blade note that although the gives a Kōan date, its two-character signature and archaic manner give it points in common with the early- group (鎌倉初期の青江派に共通性がみられる). His extant signed work is comparatively scarce, the commentary on the earliest of his noting only that he was an smith whose pieces are few (比較的数が少ない), so his hand is read from a small but consistent body of slender .

The forging is where his blades are first known, and it is the in its clearest form. Over an thick with the grain stands and gathers into the crepe-like texture the school is named for, what the published sources call the so-called skin (いわゆる縮緬状の肌合). Through that crepe fine attaches thickly and enter, and into it is mixed , the patchy mottling of old -related steel, out of which a faint rises rather than the bright of contemporary work. This is the discriminating mark of his : not a clear reflection read across the , but a speckled, quiet shadow gathered out of the mottling, the variant of the feature. It is a of subdued depth, and the published sources, characterizing the school, say that compared with contemporaneous work it is somewhat plainer and carries a quietly astringent savor (総じて同時代の備前物に比べると幾分地味で渋い味わいを醸すものである).

The temper sits over a base broken low into small , with a tendency toward small and, on the more restrained blades, small . and enter frequently, the work carried in , the showing with fine ; the runs deep and in places takes on an softness. On the 60th-session , the richest of his extant , the activity opens further: and together, the reverse-slanting feet that are the hallmark, with , small and -like spots, , and all entering. That , the feet slanting back toward the base, is the clearest point by which his parts from the straight of . The runs straight and turns back small, on most blades and pointed on others, often touched by , and once ending in . The signature is cut in two characters at the tip of the , and four of the five surviving are with one preserved .

Within that single coherent manner the published record draws one telling distinction, concerning the brightness of the . Many works tend to a , a sinking and subdued , part of what the sources mean in calling the school plainer than . Against this the is singled out: whereas the usual blade sinks, this one is instead rather bright, a point the judges expressly draw attention to (むしろやや明るい点が注目される). The blade is read as expressing the features of the school with particular clarity, a crepe with and a -like reflection, an archaic and well-'d foundation mixed with small and a tendency to small , the fine variation along the conveying an old flavor. The 37th-session shows the other side of his range, carrying , a at the and with run as kaki-nagashi, its two-character signature cut large with a thick chisel, the kind of confident original blade that anchors the reading of the pieces.

Hirotsugu's place is among the early makers whose work the gathers close to old , and his distinction is carried by his own attested traits rather than by the comparison: the crepe with its , the faint , the -bearing worked in . The published commentary on the 14th-session reads the slender, shallow-, small-pointed build together with the small turning to and the base mixed with ko-chōji midare as clearly showing the characteristic features of the school of the period (青江派の特長をよく示している), and finds it an excellent in both and . His archaic, -worked sets him apart from the later smiths, whose saka-chōji and grew more pronounced into the period; he belongs to the quieter, earlier register of the school, the manner the sources repeatedly read as old-fragrant and classically elegant. The 60th-session is judged a work rich in subdued savor whose activities in both and are full of nuance (滋味に溢れた古青江の優品), valued besides as study material for an extant example by his hand.

The weight of designation behind his name is modest in number but high in tier. Of the works on official record, five are designated, reaching the and ranks and one Important Cultural Property; there are no National Treasures. The Important Cultural Property is held at the Akihasan Hongū Akiha Shrine, patrimony in shrine keeping rather than anything that moves, and one further blade is recorded as a Prefectural Cultural Property in private hands. None of his blades carries a recorded lineage of owners, so the connoisseurship rests on the tier record and on the quality the judges read into individual pieces, foremost the , whose original robust construction is described as well retained, a thick and full surviving the shortening into a hamaguri-ba, plainly a careful commission for a warrior house (往時の雄武な造込みがよく残されており). With his signed few and the foremost held as cultural property, a Hirotsugu in open hands is among the rarer encounters in old work, the and pieces reaching the market only seldom and a signed example a landmark when one does.

Kantei

one coherent Ko-Aoe manner read across five signed two-character tachi, the chirimen ji and jifu-utsuri constant, the nioiguchi usually subdued but bright on the prime piece

Hirotsugu is a Ko-Aoe smith of Bitchu province whose surviving signed work falls in the early to mid Kamakura period, the era the school's earliest, archaic blades are gathered under the Ko-Aoe name. Extant signed pieces are comparatively few, all slender shinogi-zukuri tachi with iori-mune, high koshizori and funbari running to a chu-kissaki, and the meikan records his name as a son of Kunitsugu carried down through several generations. His jigane is the Aoe tell: itame thick with mokume, the grain raised into the crepe-like chirimen texture, fine ji-nie and chikei laid through it, jifu mottling mixed in, and over it a faint jifu-utsuri. The yakiba is a chu-suguha base broken by small midare, ko-gunome and small choji, with ashi and yo entering, hotsure and fine sunagashi worked in nie, and on his finest blade saka-ashi and kinsuji. The published sources call his work close to contemporary Ko-Bizen yet more subdued and astringent, the nioiguchi tending to sink, and they single out his Tokubetsu Juyo tachi as exceptional for being bright instead. He signs in two characters at the nakago tip. His record reaches Tokubetsu Juyo, Juyo and an Important Cultural Property.

Diagnostic discriminators

40% of his works

40% of his works

20% of his works

Observation by phase

The Hirotsugu Ko-Aoe manner: slender koshizori tachi, chirimen itame with jifu and jifu-utsuri, chu-suguha broken by small midare and gunome

all five surviving pieces are signed Hirotsugu in two characters at the nakago tip, four suriage and one ubu; on the ubu Juyo and the Tokubetsu Juyo the work is richest, the ubu blade also carrying suken and bo-hi with soe-hi

A slender, classically built tachi: shinogi-zukuri with iori-mune, a clear taper from base to tip, thick kasane, high koshizori with funbari, the curvature subsiding toward a chu-kissaki, the archaic taihai the published sources call old-fragrant. The forging is itame with abundant mokume, the grain raised into the crepe-like chirimen texture, fine ji-nie thickly applied, chikei well formed, jifu mottling mixed in, and a faint jifu-utsuri rising over it. The yakiba runs on a chu-suguha base broken by small midare, a tendency toward ko-gunome, and small choji on the more restrained pieces, with ashi and yo entering frequently, worked in nie, the habuchi showing hotsure with fine sunagashi streaming through; the nioiguchi is deep and in places urumi. On his finest blade saka-ashi, kinsuji, small yubashiri and tobiyaki-like spots enter as well. The boshi runs sugu, turning back in ko-maru or pointed, often with hakikake, once yakitsume.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources place Ko-Aoe close in style to contemporary Ko-Bizen work, yet with a subdued, astringent character, the nioiguchi tending to sink, somewhat plainer than Bizen but with depth.

In the meikan Hirotsugu is recorded as a son of Kunitsugu with his period given as Koan, but the NBTHK judges this signed tachi archaic in workmanship, with points in common with the Aoe group of the early Kamakura period.

Extant signed work by Hirotsugu is comparatively scarce, and the surviving tachi is valued besides as material for the study of this smith.

Compared with contemporaneous Bizen work, Ko-Aoe blades present a somewhat plainer and quietly astringent character, yet one with depth, the published sources observe of the school's manner.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken3

Elite Standing

0.02 across 5 designated works

Top 28% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 5 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 5 ranked works

Currently Available

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  3. 3.Naotsugu直次15designated
  4. 4.Tsunetsugu恒次13designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu包次9designated
  6. 6.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale17designated
  7. 7.Suketsugu助次15designated
  8. 8.Moritsugu守次9designated
  9. 9.Masatsune正恒16designated
  10. 10.Tametsugu爲次6designated
  11. 11.Toshitsugu俊次6designated
  12. 12.Moritoshi守利9designated