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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Uda
  3. Ko-Uda
  4. Kunifusa

Ko-Uda Kunifusa

國房

Jūyō
Vol. 39, No. 42 · Tachi

Ko-Uda Kunifusa

國房

17 ranked works

ProvinceEtchuEraOan (1368–1375)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolUda>Ko-UdaTraditionWakimonoGeneration2ndTeacherKunifusaFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan550(top 23%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN35
3Jūyō Bijutsuhin
14Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Uda Kunifusa is the first-generation master of the Uda school, and one of the very few smiths whose name survives in signed work. The published sources record him as a son of the Uda founder Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu, who carried the craft from Uda District in Yamato north to in the late period, and they hold by tradition that Kunifusa himself studied under Norishige, naming the smith called Gō alongside as a model. The school's whole record is overwhelmingly , , and appraised only to the group, so a signed Kunifusa is already a document; an early signed Kunifusa is rarer still. The appraisers anchor his identity on two designated Important Art Objects, one held by Hie Shrine and one by the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures, and judge further blades to him by the close calligraphic match of the inscription, in which, as one entry puts it, the enclosure of the character 国 is collapsed almost like a lattice. The earliest dated example of the name is a piece of Kōō 1 (1389).

His hand runs in two registers the Uda school never fused, and Kunifusa works both. The first is the Yamato root, seen most clearly in his and : with and a faint , several with a slightly elongated proportion, the a well-packed or with a flowing tendency. Over it he sets a mixed with and a shallow , entering, the deep with well adhered and at times somewhat coarse, and and fine running through. The runs straight into a , often pointed in tendency with a deep turnback and . At the base he carves a devotional program of , su-, and paired grooves, the on one noted as unusual for the school. The published sources read these calmer signed pieces as his typical work, Ōei-dated or judged together with dated examples, sound in both and .

The is the constant beneath both manners. mixed with and a flowing grain that tends to stand carries a well-adhering , with entering, and where the forging tightens into a stands clearly. That tightness is in fact his personal tell within the school. Discussing the difference between the two principal Uda names, the published commentary observes that 「国宗がやや肌立ったものが多いのに対し国房には地がねのつんだものが多い」, that Kunimune is more often seen with a standing grain, whereas Kunifusa is frequently seen in a tightly forged . On one judged to him, the commentary names the excellence of that forging as the deciding point, 「地がねの鍛錬がすぐれているところに国房と鑑すべき」, the quality of the steel itself returning the verdict to his hand.

The second register is the -leaning manner, which the sources trace to his study under Norishige, and which shows in his bold . These are wide in body with a thick and a chū- or , several keeping a high and even where shortened, an imposing shape. Over a flowing with conspicuous and he tempers a or base mixed with , the deep, the well adhered and at times coarse, with running conspicuously and entering, the and turning back with . The published sources grant that such blades call the tradition to mind through their prominent and abundant , modeled on the earlier masters Norishige and Gō; the entries caution that there are no purely -construction works among them, and the verdict is held to Uda. The school's manner spans these poles, and the dating of any single Kunifusa blade is given as a span, late to early , rather than to one hand, because the name continued through several generations.

What returns even his most -looking blade to the northern provinces is the , the feature the appraisal turns on. The steel tends to a dark, tone and grows kasu-datsu, hazy and standing, in places, a texture the published sources name as 「北国物特有の肌合」, the character distinctive to works of the north; the tends to sink rather than to glow, and the carries rounded, compact that the commentary calls 「つぶらな沸を交えている点などには宇多派の特徴」, a mark of the Uda school. His and the Yamato character of his calmer blades set him apart from the plainer northern smiths, while this darkened, dry-standing steel and the rounded set him apart from the bright clear steel of true . He stands beside Kunimune as a representative hand of the school, the tighter-forging brother by the appraisers' own account, the whose lattice-broken character secures the attributions.

For the collector Kunifusa is a rare early northern name rather than a market presence. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through fourteen blades and three prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, seventeen designated works in all, with the represented by the two Important Art Object held at Hie Shrine and at the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures. Of recorded whereabouts, a passed through the Kajimura collection of Osaka and another Important Art Object descends from Kurokawa Fukusaburō into the Kurokawa Institute. The published commentary calls one 「数少ない初代国房の作として資料的にも貴重」, valuable as documentary material, being among the few first-generation works. Most designated Uda, in public and long-private hands alike, is held rather than traded; a signed Kunifusa of the early dated period reaches the market only seldom, and a example with the lattice-broken character is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how a Yamato craft took root in the north.

Kantei

the first-generation Uda master in two registers: the Yamato root, a tightly packed itame under a chū-suguha mixed with ko-gunome, ko-notare, sunagashi and kinsuji, on hira-zukuri tanto with devotional carving; and the Sōshū-leaning Nanbokuchō tachi, wide with an ō-kissaki, a flowing itame with chikei under notare and gunome deep in nie. Across both runs the diagnostic that returns him to Uda from Sōshū: the dark, kasu-datsu northern jigane and the sinking nioiguchi, with his own tell the tightness of the forging.

Uda Kunifusa is the first-generation master of the Uda school and one of the few smiths whose name survives in signed work. The published sources record him as a son of the founder Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu, who migrated from Uda District in Yamato to in the late period, and they hold by tradition that Kunifusa studied under Norishige, with the smith called Gō named alongside as a model; the name then continued through several generations. He matters because signed Uda is rare and early signed Kunifusa rarer still: the appraisers single out two designated Important Art Objects, one at Hie Shrine and one at the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures, and judge other blades to him by the close calligraphic match of the signature, where the enclosure of the character 国 is broken open like a lattice. His work runs in two registers the school never fused. The Yamato root shows in his and , with over a tightly packed , a base mixed with and , deep in with , and running through, and devotional carving of , su- and at the base. The -leaning manner shows in his bold , wide in body with an , a flowing with and , a or mixed with , deep in with at times coarse, and and running freely. What keeps a Kunifusa blade from reading as true is the northern the published sources return to: a steel slightly dark in tone that grows kasu-datsu in places, with a that tends to sink. His personal tell within the school is the tightness of his forging, where Kunimune's more often stands.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs true Sōshū-den (Norishige / Gō), bright clear steel

unique vs Kunimune (the schoolmate, hada more often standing)

Observation by phase

The Yamato-rooted tanto and wakizashi (suguha base, deep nie, devotional carving)

His and carry the school's Yamato inheritance most clearly. They are with and , several with a slight proportion, the a well-packed or with a flowing tendency, adhering and, on the tightest, a standing. The temper is a or base mixed with and a shallow , entering, the deep with well adhered and at times somewhat coarse , and fine running through; the is mostly bright. The runs straight into a , often pointed in tendency with a deep turnback and . At the base he carves a devotional program: , su-, and paired grooves, the on one called unusual for the school. The published sources read these calmer, signed pieces as the typical work of Kunifusa, Ōei-dated or comparable to dated examples, and call both and well made and sound.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Sōshū-leaning Nanbokuchō tachi (bold sugata, notare and gunome, deep nie)

His are the bolder face of his record, and the one the published sources trace to his study under Norishige. They are wide in body with a thick and a chū- or , several keeping a high and even where shortened, a powerful shape. The is an mixed with and a flowing grain that tends to stand, adhering and entering, on the most -looking pieces conspicuously. Over it the temper is a or base mixed with and , the deep with well adhered and at times coarse, running conspicuously and entering. The is , turning back with , or runs straight to a . The published sources grant that such blades call the tradition to mind through their prominent and , then return the verdict to Uda by the darkened, standing patches of the and the rounded .

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The northern jigane and tight forging (what returns him to Uda, and to Kunifusa)

The third aspect is not a period but the diagnostic the appraisal turns on. A -leaning Kunifusa blade can recall a high hand at first glance, so the published sources name what holds it back. The tends to a dark, tone and grows kasu-datsu in places, a texture they call distinctive to works of the northern provinces; the tends to sink rather than to glow, and the carries rounded, compact . These are the marks by which a blade dense with , and is appraised not as but as Uda. Within the school, the sources give Kunifusa his own tell: where Kunimune's more often stands, Kunifusa is frequently seen in a tightly forged , and the excellence of that forging is named as the point that warrants an appraisal specifically to him. The attribution is further secured by the signature, where the enclosure of the character 国 is collapsed like a lattice, matched against the two Important Art Object held by Hie Shrine and the Kurokawa Institute.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The published sources record Kunifusa as a son of Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu who is traditionally said to have studied under Etchū Norishige, and note that the same name recurred for several generations, so that an individual blade is dated within the span from late Nanbokuchō through early Muromachi rather than to a single hand; the earliest dated Kunifusa is a piece of Kōō 1 (1389), and the shodai is identified by the close calligraphic match of the lattice-broken kuni character against the two Important Art Object tachi.

On the Sōshū question the published sources grant that many of his Nanbokuchō works recall the Sōshū tradition through prominent chikei and abundant nie, modeled on the earlier Etchū masters Norishige and Gō, while cautioning that none are of purely Sōshū construction; the darkened, kasu-datsu jigane and the rounded ha-nie return the verdict to the Uda school and to Kunifusa.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin3
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken14

Elite Standing

0.16 across 17 designated works

Top 13% among smiths

Provenance

3 documented provenances across certified works by Kunifusa

Provenance Standing

0 works held in elite collections across 3 documented provenances

Top 52% among smiths

Raw score: 1.97 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 17 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 17 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunifusa
Kunifusa
Students (4)
  1. 1.Kunifusa國房17designated
  2. 2.Kunihisa國久10designated
  3. 3.Kunifusa國房3designated
  4. 4.Kunihiro國弘

Ko-Uda School

Other artisans of the Ko-Uda school

  1. 1.Ko-Uda古宇多5 for sale51designated
  2. 2.Kunimitsu國光9designated
  3. 3.Tomonori友則4designated
  4. 4.Kunitsugu國次1designated
  5. 5.Kunifusa國房1 for sale1designated
  6. 6.Kunimitsu國光2designated