NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Horikawa
  3. Kunikiyo

Horikawa Kunikiyo

國清

Jūyō
Vol. 20, No. 326 · Yari

Horikawa Kunikiyo

國清

14 ranked works

ProvinceEchizenErac. 1624–1644PeriodEdoSchoolHorikawaTraditionShintoGeneration2ndTeacherKunikiyoFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan350(top 49%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN362
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
12Jūyō Tōken

Overview

A signed Yamashiro no Kami Fujiwara Kunikiyo and dated 'ei 22 (1645) was dedicated to the shrine of Amaterasu Omikami, the great deity, and the published sources call it valuable as a record as much as fine in its making. The smith who forged it stands at the head of an line that carried the one name Kunikiyo across several generations. The first generation came, by the received account, from Matsushiro in Shinshu, was held to be the son of the third-generation Shimada Sukemune, and was first called Yoshiemon; he went up to the capital to study in the gate of Kunihiro, took the name Kunikiyo, and after Kunihiro's death entered the service of the Matsudaira house at Takada in Echigo, following his lord when the house was transferred to Fukui in . He received the title Yamashiro-daijo in 'ei 4 and Yamashiro no Kami the next year, and was granted the chrysanthemum crest to cut into his . Of the -name smiths the published sources rank the generations plainly, the first the most skilled and the second the most accomplished after him.

His forte is . The published sources name him a smith who was most given to a straight temper, a or a narrow that leans here and there into a shallow , with short entering, the faintly frayed in , the deep and the thick, fine and running through it and the tending to sink. The runs straight into a with a little brushing the tip. Beside this calm forte he also tempers a , a based on a shallow with that at its broadest opens into large breaking up into bold, irregular peaks, small and pointed crowding in, with slight mixed and the clumping into muranie in places, the deep and the and carrying over from the . The wide of large that survives is singled out as a shape uncommon both in his own work and within his line.

The is the constant beneath both manners and the surest mark of the hand. Over a standing mixed with and flowing the gathers dust-fine and thick in , fine enter well, and the steel takes a blackish tone, which the published sources read as the special quality of the northern-province steel, the hokkoku-gane, well shown and at its finest dense and pure. On the best of his the forging is described as standing finely yet refined, dark steel mixed through it, the maker's full strength on view. The and the sit on this without strain, and where the everyday is exceeded the temper widens a shade, the deepens, the grow larger and more even, and the steel turns finer still, the make that the published sources call his true character fully realized. The that sinks, recurring across the , draws the and the close without letting the border blur into the manner the school descends from.

The order of his work is read less by date, which is scarce, than by signature. The plain long is taken for the first generation; the character cut below the chrysanthemum crest is read as the second generation and after, the second generation being Shinbei, the first generation's second son. The form of the 国 character separates them as well, the five and eight strokes of the element inside the enclosure running parallel on the first generation's hand. Yet the published sources keep their caution in plain sight, holding that cleanly dividing the first and second generation is at present difficult and a matter for further study, even where the -marked of a resembles the dated Tenna 2 closely enough to suggest the second generation. The few dated pieces are prized for their rarity, the 'ei 9 (1632) among them, and the second generation's Tenna 2 (1682) , a of clear and , anchors his hand at the later end of the line.

What sets him apart is told through his own grounded traits rather than through the school he came from. His is the calmest register of an hand whose is dark and dense, the dust-fine and the fine of the hokkoku-gane carrying the work where a smith would carry it with standing and a brighter, more broken . The Jubi note transmits a scholar's reservation about the received descent, observing that among examined works of this smith a make that necessarily compels the Kunihiro connection is rare; the standing dark and the -laden nonetheless sit within the broad current, and his carving and his steel count among the typical -bori and of the day. The of the line runs backward as readily as forward, the generation read off the and the form of one character because the styles themselves will not separate, which is the school's defining condition as much as its difficulty.

Kunikiyo is rated Jo- by Fujishiro, and twelve of his blades have reached the level with one further an Important Art Object, all of them signed. His designations run to the and Jubi tiers rather than the highest patrimony, so the line is not removed wholly from circulation as the very first names are; the designated work is held rather than traded, and a Kunikiyo comes before a private collector from time to time and with patience rather than readily. Provenance of recorded whereabouts is thin but distinguished where it survives: the 'ei 22 descends from its dedication to the shrine of Amaterasu Omikami, and a blade of the line is recorded among Imperial Family holdings, the kind of standing the chrysanthemum crest on his already declares. Cutting-test inscriptions attend his , a gold-inlaid three-body test on one 'ei 6 piece and a -otoshi inlay on another, the marks of a steel valued for its edge as much as for the quiet dignity of its .

Kantei

one entity carried across generations, ordered by the published sources by skill (shodai first, nidai second) and by signature rather than by a single dated chronology: within the line a prime suguha forte stands against an occasional gunome-notare midare, and a generation register runs through the mei, the plain long signature being the shodai's and the 一 below the kiku-mon being read as the nidai onward, though the texts repeatedly call the precise division of first and second generation difficult and a matter for further study. A blackish hokkoku-gane forging is the constant beneath both manners.

Yamashiro-no-kami Kunikiyo is the Echizen line carried under one name across several generations, and the published sources rank them plainly: of the same-name smiths the first is the most skilled, the second the most accomplished. The shodai was a Shinshu man of Matsumoto, said to be the son of the third-generation Shimada Sukemune and first called Yoshiemon; he went up to the capital to study in the gate of Horikawa Kunihiro, took the name Kunikiyo, then served the Matsudaira house and followed it from Echigo Takada to Echizen Fukui, receiving Yamashiro-daijo in Kan'ei 4 and Yamashiro-no-kami the next year, with the chrysanthemum crest granted to cut into his nakago. His forte is suguha, a chu-suguha or narrow suguha settled over a standing itame with mokume and flowing hada, the steel a blackish hokkoku-gane with dust-fine ji-nie and fine chikei, the habuchi worked with deep nioi, thick ko-nie, fine kinsuji and sunagashi and a nioiguchi that sinks; against this calm forte he also forges a gunome-and-notare midare. The successors keep his make and his signature so closely that telling the generations apart is held to be difficult, and the published sources note that the 一 character cut below the kiku-mon belongs to the second generation onward.

Diagnostic discriminators

54% of his works

23% of his works

85% of his works

23% of his works

Observation by phase

The prime, the suguha forte (the Kunikiyo standard)

the long signature and the chrysanthemum crest: a fine-chiseled long mei below the mekugi-ana with the kiku-mon cut above it, on an ubu nakago with kuri-jiri and katte-sagari or sujikai filing; the plain long signature without the 一 is read as the shodai's

The standard Kunikiyo is suguha, the manner the published sources name his forte. Over a standing itame mixed with mokume and flowing hada the ji-nie gathers dust-fine and thick, fine chikei entering and the steel taking a blackish cast, and on this ground he tempers a chu-suguha or narrow suguha that leans into a shallow notare here and there, with short gunome ashi, the habuchi faintly frayed in hotsure, deep in nioi and thick in ko-nie, fine kinsuji and sunagashi running through it and the nioiguchi sinking. The boshi runs straight into a ko-maru with a little hakikake at the tip. The published sources read this as a quiet, refined make of restrained dignity, his true character shown when the nioi is a shade deeper and the ko-nie thicker than usual and the steel finer, where the hokkoku-gane is fully on view.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The midare register, gunome and notare

Beside the suguha forte the published sources record that there is also a midare, and a portion of the corpus carries it: a hamon based on a shallow notare with gunome, at its broadest a wide-tempered ha with large gunome breaking up into showy, irregular peaks, small gunome and pointed gunome crowding in, tobiyaki occasionally mixed, the nie clumping into muranie in places, with the same deep nioi, sunagashi and kinsuji as the suguha and the same sinking nioiguchi. One wide hira-zukuri wakizashi of large gunome is singled out as a rare shape for the line. The midare is the lesser register, named always as the alternative to the suguha he is best at.

Sugata 姿
Hamon 刃文

The generation axis, shodai versus nidai by signature

less firmly establishedthe kiku-mon and the 一 character: the published sources hold that the shodai's works do not carry the 一 cut below the chrysanthemum and that the 一 belongs to the second generation onward, while the form of the 國 character also divides the generations; the precise division of first and second generation is repeatedly called difficult and left to further study

The generations are distinguished partly by signature. The plain long mei is read as the shodai's; the 一 cut below the kiku-mon is read as the nidai onward, the nidai being Shinbei, the shodai's second son and the most accomplished after his father. The form of the 國 character also separates them, the five and eight strokes of the 或 inside the enclosure running parallel on the shodai. The kantei is tempered by caution: a katana with the 一 may be the nidai by the resemblance of its mei to the dated Tenna 2 tanto, yet the texts state plainly that cleanly dividing first and second generation is at present difficult. The nidai's own work runs to a clear, well-forged suguha, his Tenna 2 tanto a ji and ha of fine condition.

Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The biography is the published sources' near-constant formula: a Shinshu man of Matsumoto, said to be the son of the third Shimada Sukemune, first Yoshiemon, who studied in Kunihiro's gate, took the name Kunikiyo, served the Matsudaira and moved to Echizen Fukui, receiving Yamashiro-daijo in Kan'ei 4 and Yamashiro-no-kami the next year with the chrysanthemum crest.

The skill ranking of the generations is stated outright and repeated: of the same-name smiths whose name passed down several generations, the first is the most skilled, the second the most accomplished.

The signature is the scholars' tool for dates and generations: the form of the 國 character separates the shodai, the 一 below the kiku-mon is read as the nidai onward, yet the texts state plainly that first and second generation cannot at present be cleanly divided and leave it to further study.

The Jubi note records a scholar's reservation about the received pupillage: while the editors transmit the standard Kunihiro-gate descent, among examined works of this smith a make that necessarily implies the Kunihiro connection is held to be rare.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken12

Elite Standing

0.05 across 14 designated works

Top 22% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Kunikiyo

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 47% among smiths

Raw score: 2.00 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 14 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 14 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunikiyo
Kunikiyo
Student
  1. 1.Kunikiyo國清2 for sale14designated

Horikawa School

Other artisans of the Horikawa school

  1. 1.Kunihiro國廣5 for sale148designated
  2. 2.Kunimichi國路8 for sale74designated
  3. 3.Kunisada國貞4 for sale88designated
  4. 4.Masahiro正弘3 for sale14designated
  5. 5.Kunitomo國儔1 for sale27designated
  6. 6.Kunisuke國助2 for sale50designated
  7. 7.Kuniyasu國安17designated
  8. 8.Hiroyuki弘幸17designated
  9. 9.Kunikiyo國清7designated
  10. 10.Kuniyuki國幸1 for sale6designated
  11. 11.Kunimasa國正6designated
  12. 12.Yoshitake吉武2 for sale4designated