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  2. Horikawa
  3. Kuniyasu

Horikawa Kuniyasu

國安

Tokujū
Vol. 12, No. 52 · Wakizashi

Horikawa Kuniyasu

國安

17 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraKeicho (1596–1615)PeriodEdoSchoolHorikawaTraditionShintoTeacherKunihiroFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan850(top 11%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1707
1Jūyō Bunkazai
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Tokubetsu Jūyō14Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kuniyasu signed only the two characters of his name, never a court title, and within the whole school he alone cut his file marks in reverse. These two habits, more than any single feature of forging or temper, are how the published sources tell him apart. The Tanaka genealogy gives his common name as Saburōdayū and records that he was the youngest brother of Kunihiro; other sword books make him instead a nephew, originally from Obi in , who admired Kunihiro, traveled up to Kyoto, entered his gate and there matured. He worked in the Keichō years, at the opening of the age, and his record is one of the closest in the school to its founder.

The published sources return again and again to a single explanation for how few of his signed blades survive. His manner of forging, the construction of his tang, and the cut of his signature so closely resemble Kunihiro's that he is thought to have served as one of his , the substitute hand producing work under the master's name. The first-session commentary puts it plainly: among signed blades that survive, those bearing Kunihiro's own signature yet judged on appraisal to be wholly Kuniyasu's hand are not few. He is, in effect, the whose work stands closest of all to Kunihiro's, and the small body of pieces signed Kuniyasu is what remains once the blades that went out under his brother's name are set aside.

His characteristic hand copies the higher masters, and within them the Naoe- manner above all, what the commentaries call 「彼が最も得意とした志津風の作域」, the -style range in which he most excelled. The is the constant. Over a board-grain mixed with , and at times , the grain stands up into a coarse, dry texture the published sources name the most conspicuously standing in the whole group and a distinctive trait of this smith; fine sets densely and rather thickly, enter well, and on several blades a diagonal rises from below the . The carvings run to the devotional, with , and , , and , executed in relief and harmonizing with the wide, forceful Keichō shape.

Over that he tempers a shallow, large into which , and angular, squared-off elements gather, entering, the deep and the thick. The is the point the published sources name as his recognition: at times it coarsens and gathers in uneven clusters, breaks along the edge, runs broadly, long enter, and small and are mixed in, while the inclines to , a subdued, slightly sunken line the commentaries read as a mark of this group. The enters in or and turns back in or with vigorous . Against this bold, rustic prime stands a rare second register: on one he tempers instead a with places of shallow, small , the not coarsened as usual but composed quietly in . The published sources call examples of his rare, judge this one finished with consummate skill, and liken it to 「同派の平安城弘幸を想わせる」, the work of Heianjō Hiroyuki of the line.

What singles him out in the school is not chiefly his style, which is by design close to his master's, but two technical habits the commentaries name as his great points of connoisseurship. He signs only the two characters Kuniyasu and never took a court title, 「銘字は必ず二字銘にきり、受領銘はない」, the only one among the superior smiths to receive no . And alone in the school he cuts his file marks reverse, 「一門中、鑢目が逆筋違」, said to be because he was left-handed, a feature the published sources note does not appear on the blades signed Kunihiro. The commentaries connect his two-character work in both style and signature to Kunitsugu, transmitted as his elder brother, and observe that within the group no one but Kuniyasu produced the -built Sadamune-style copies seen among his work. From the manner of his forging and temper they read him as one who took the orbit of Sadamune for his model, 「おそらく国広の代作に任じていたためと思われる」, and so served the master's name with his own hand.

For the collector he is a rare and rewarding name. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through one Important Cultural Property, a held in the Tokyo National Museum, a at the rank, a prewar Jūyō-Bijutsuhin once owned by Jinbei Kashiwara of Osaka, and some fourteen blades, one of them transmitted in the Shimazu family, lords of the Kagoshima domain. The published sources call his finest pieces masterworks that bear comparison with Kunihiro's own, one first-session blade praised as 「国広の傑作に比肩する出来映えで、同作中傑出した一口である」, comparable in quality to Kunihiro's masterworks and outstanding among Kuniyasu's oeuvre. Because so few signed works exist, and because most designated blades are long held rather than traded, a signed Kuniyasu comes to light only seldom; a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, and it carries the added interest of a hand that, in the world at large, is hidden inside the signed work of Kunihiro himself.

Kantei

one Sōshū-den specialist read across two registers and a connoisseur's signature tell: his prime Shizu copy (zanguri itame, large notare with gunome, thick uneven nie, sunagashi and kinsuji, shizumi nioiguchi, hakikake boshi); a rare calm chū-suguha register in ko-nie; and over both, the sakasa-sujikai file marks and invariable two-character mei without title that single him out within the Horikawa school

Kuniyasu is a Keichō- Kyoto smith of the closest circle, the Tanaka genealogy giving his common name as Saburōdayū and recording him as the youngest brother of Kunihiro, while other sword books make him a nephew from Obi in who came up to Kyoto to study under him. The published sources return to a single explanation for the small number of his signed works: his manner of forging, his tang construction, and the cut of his signature so closely resemble Kunihiro's that he is thought to have served as one of his , and not a few blades signed Kunihiro are judged on appraisal to be wholly Kuniyasu's hand. His characteristic work copies the high masters, the Naoe- manner above all: a board-grain that stands up in the coarse, dry texture the published sources call the most conspicuous in the whole group, with fine densely set and entering well, over which he tempers a shallow large into which and angular elements gather, the thick and at times coarse and uneven, running broadly, long entering, and the inclined to . His tell is in the : alone in the school he cuts his file marks -, said to be because he was left-handed, and he signs only the two characters Kuniyasu, never taking a court title. The enters in or and finishes with vigorous . Against this bold, rustic prime stands a rare register, calm in , that the published sources liken to old work and to Heianjō Hiroyuki.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs the Horikawa norm (sujikai or kiri yasurime)

unique vs the Horikawa norm (Kunihiro circle held court titles)

Observation by phase

The Shizu copy (his recognized specialty)

His characteristic and most frequent work copies the higher masters, and within them the manner above all. The build is wide, often slightly elongated with a thick , the powerful of Keichō , and he is fond of and shōbu constructions besides the standard . The ground is a board-grain mixed with and at times , the grain standing up in the coarse, dry texture the published sources name the most conspicuous in the whole group and a distinctive trait of this smith; fine sets densely and rather thickly, enter well, and on several blades a diagonal rises from below the . Over it he tempers a shallow large notare base into which , and angular, squared-off elements gather, entering, the deep and the thick and at times coarse so that it gathers in uneven clusters, along the edge, running broadly with , long entering, small and mixed in, the inclined to . The enters in or and turns back in or with vigorous . He carves devotional , with , and , , and . The published sources hold the thick, at times coarse , the bold uneven and the rich and to be the points of recognition for Kuniyasu, a bold and rustic hand modeled especially on the orbit of Sadamune.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The rare chū-suguha register

Against the bold work the published sources set a rare, calm register. On one he tempers a with places of shallow, small ; the is not, as usual, coarsened, but is composed in a quiet manner with as the main tone, the inclined to , the straight and turning back rather deeply. Over the standing , with fine thickly set and a rising from below the , this quiet reads as the work of a different mood; the published sources call examples of Kuniyasu's rare, judge this one finished with consummate skill, and liken it to old work and to Heianjō Hiroyuki of the line. It is the hand worked at lower temperature, and it shows the breadth of his range beyond the copy for which he is known.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources differ on his place in the family: the Tanaka genealogy makes him Kunihiro's youngest brother under the common name Saburōdayū, while the sword-meikan make him a nephew from Obi in Hyūga; what they agree on is that his manner, tang work and signature are so close to Kunihiro's that he likely served as a daisaku, and that not a few blades signed Kunihiro are judged on appraisal to be entirely his hand.

His most reliable tell is technical, not stylistic: alone in the Horikawa school he cuts his file marks sakasa-sujikai, said to be because he was left-handed, and he signs only the two characters Kuniyasu without ever taking a court title, the only superior Horikawa smith to do so; the published sources also note that within the school no one but Kuniyasu produced the kiriha Sadamune-style copies seen among his work.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken14

Elite Standing

0.16 across 17 designated works

Top 13% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Kuniyasu

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 84% among smiths

Raw score: 1.83 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 17 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 17 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunihiro
Kuniyasu

Horikawa School

Other artisans of the Horikawa school

  1. 1.Kunihiro國廣6 for sale148designated
  2. 2.Kunimichi國路8 for sale74designated
  3. 3.Kunisada國貞4 for sale88designated
  4. 4.Kunitomo國儔1 for sale27designated
  5. 5.Masahiro正弘3 for sale14designated
  6. 6.Kunisuke國助2 for sale50designated
  7. 7.Hiroyuki弘幸17designated
  8. 8.Kunikiyo國清2 for sale14designated
  9. 9.Kunimasa國正6designated
  10. 10.Kunikiyo國清7designated
  11. 11.Kuniyuki國幸1 for sale6designated
  12. 12.Yoshitake吉武2 for sale4designated