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  3. Kunimichi

Horikawa Kunimichi

國路

Tokujū
Vol. 15, No. 32 · Katana

Horikawa Kunimichi

國路

74 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraKeicho-Kanbun (1608–1662)PeriodEdoSchoolHorikawaTraditionShintoGeneration1stTeacherKinmichiFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan850(top 11%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN481
2Jūyō Bunkazai
4Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
2Tokubetsu Jūyō65Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Dewa Daijō Fujiwara Kunimichi worked in Kyoto in the Keichō- years, the foremost pupil of Kunihiro and, the published sources say, the most versatile hand of that whole circle, calling him "the most dexterous of the school" (国広門下中随一の器用人). His career is unusually long. Dated blades run from Keichō 13 (1608) to 2 (1662), and one piece carries an added inscription giving his age as seventy-seven in Keian 5, so that some accounts even propose a second-generation Kunimichi for the works after the Jōō era. He is said to have lived in the Ebisugawa quarter near , and the sword books record that he first studied under Iga-no-kami Kinmichi of the house before entering Kunihiro's gate; after his teacher's death he received the title Dewa Daijō, around Keichō 19 to Genna 1, in an arrangement sponsored by Kinmichi.

His characteristic work is a copy of the tradition, and within it the Naoe- manner above all. The published sources are consistent on where his strength lay: he handled every tradition but with skill, "and of these the tradition was his greatest specialty, looking devotedly to and " (就中相州伝が最も得意で志津や左文字に私淑している). Over a board-grain that stands up he tempers a and base into which and large gather, building to a lively large with ; the is deep, the thick and at times coarse, with broad and long . The published sources name exactly these as the points by which he is known, his strong, lively , his large flamboyant , and the rich work of and . His most personal feature lies in the : a shallow that thrusts up and turns pointed with , "the so-called , entering in and becoming pointed at the tip" (のたれ込んで先の尖った、いわゆる三品帽子).

The is where he is most himself. His stands up and is often dry and coarse, a distinctive texture mixed with and flowing grain, inclining toward near the edge, with adhering and entering. It is not the unhurried, expansive steel of his teacher; it is a tauter, more worked , and the published sources, while granting that in breadth of range he even surpasses Kunihiro, are clear that in leisurely grandeur of scale he does not match him. Across the temper run the activities he is read by, entering well, the deep and at times brightly clear, along the back of some blades, and on the more boisterous pieces a tendency toward coarse and basake.

Two registers divide his work. The first and most frequent is the flamboyant copy, the large fully tempered, the pointed in the manner, devotional carvings of , and on the and , and on his wide a Fudō or a . The second is a subdued, low-temper register encountered from time to time, the quiet, the tighter, the line dignified and sometimes carrying an archaic colour like old ; one of this kind lacks all flamboyance and is so richly covered in in both and that the published sources say it could "be mistaken for a work by his teacher Kunihiro" (あたかも師国広の作に見紛うほどの出来), proof of how completely he had absorbed the hand. His signatures track his life across both registers, the early Kunidō written with the character 道, the prime full signature Dewa Daijō Fujiwara Kunimichi after he took the title, and the late pieces prefixed , the changing name read together with the pointed as evidence of his connection to the house.

What sets Kunimichi apart within the school is not a single feature but a balance. Among Kunihiro's pupils he and Izumi-no-kami Kunisada are reckoned the two most prolific, and his collaborator Kunitsugu, transmitted as either his son or his disciple, served as his capable and signed a joint before taking his own title. Against the school's other great hands his own features set him off: the standing, dry , the pointed that the norm does not show, the thick coarse and long of a thorough copy. The published sources call his finest work in this manner "the flower of his copies" (志津写しの白眉), and praise his strongest pieces as overflowing with power, close to the highest rank of his oeuvre; his copy, too, is held to stand without disadvantage beside his teacher's.

For the collector Kunimichi is an attainable major name among the Keichō- smiths, where so much of the school's best is held rather than traded. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through two Important Cultural Properties, two and many , sixty-seven blades in all in the and tiers, with seventy-four designated works on record, alongside prewar Jūyō-Bijutsuhin that include the great long dedicated to the Goryō Shrine in Kyoto. The provenance recorded for his blades reaches into the Imperial Family and old collections, with examples now held at the Goryō Shrine and the Yasaka Shrine in Kyoto and others long in private hands. Of the seven tiers above only a small number can ever change hands, and most designated blades, even in private collections, are kept rather than sold; but a signed Dewa Daijō Kunimichi in the tradeable tier does come to a patient collector from time to time, a Kyoto copy of the first rank by the most versatile of Kunihiro's pupils.

Kantei

one Sōshū-den specialist read across three registers: his prime Shizu copy (zanguri itame, large notare-gunome midare, Sanpin-bōshi); a subdued low-temper register that approaches his teacher Kunihiro; and a signature-and-period arc, early Kunidō 国道 to prime Dewa Daijō Kunimichi to late Rai Kunimichi

Dewa Daijō Fujiwara Kunimichi is the most versatile of Kunihiro's pupils, a Keichō- Kyoto smith whose career runs unusually long, dated examples reaching from Keichō 13 to 2 over fifty-odd years. The published sources call him the foremost in dexterity of the group and rank him with Izumi-no-kami Kunisada as the most prolific of Kunihiro's circle; he handled every tradition but with skill, his best work in the tradition above all, looking devotedly to and . His characteristic hand is a copy: a board-grain standing up in a coarse, dry texture, flowing toward at the edge, with and , over which he tempers a and that gathers into a vivid large , the deep, the thick and at times coarse, running broadly and long entering. His tell is the : a shallow that thrusts up and turns pointed with , the so-called - the published sources read as a connection to the house. His signatures track his life, the early Kunidō written with the character 道, the prime Dewa Daijō Fujiwara Kunimichi after he received the title around Keichō 19 to Genna 1, and the late pieces prefixed . He is the calmer, more technical counter-hand to his teacher: broader in range, narrower in scale.

Diagnostic discriminators

Observation by phase

The Shizu copy (his recognized specialty)

His characteristic and most frequent work emulates the Sōshū-den, and within it the Naoe- manner above all. The ground is a board-grain that stands up, often dry and coarse in a texture and mixing in and flowing grain, -inclined near the edge, with adhering and entering. Over it he tempers a and base into which and large gather, building to a lively large with , the deep and the thick, at times coarse and uneven, running broadly throughout and long entering. The is his tell: it enters in a shallow , thrusts up and turns pointed with , the so-called -. The two are this hand, one the published sources name the very flower of his copies. He carves devotional , , and , and on his Fudō and . The published sources hold his strong, lively , his large flamboyant , and the rich work of and to be the points of recognition for Kunimichi.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The subdued register (toward his teacher Kunihiro)

Against the flamboyant work the published sources set a calmer register, encountered occasionally: a low temper, a quiet , an archaic colour. One lacks flamboyance and is so richly covered in in both and that the published sources say it could be mistaken for a work of his teacher Kunihiro, evidence that he had thoroughly absorbed the manner. In this register the and stay subdued, the tighter, the line gentle and dignified, sometimes with the oldest colour among his works in the manner of old . It is the Sōshū-den hand worked at lower temperature, and it is here that he stands closest to Kunihiro.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources tie Kunimichi to the Mishina (Sanpin) house: his boshi often enters in notare and turns pointed in the so-called Sanpin manner, he signed with the character 道 as Kunidō in an early phase, and prefixed his name with Rai in his late years, all read as evidence of some connection with that family, arranged when Iga-no-kami Kinmichi sponsored his Dewa Daijō title.

On the breadth and length of his career the published sources are emphatic: among the Horikawa group he is the most versatile, handling every tradition but Bizen, his Sōshū-den foremost in the Shizu manner; his dated works run from Keichō 13 to Kanbun 2, and a blade with an added age inscription puts him at seventy-seven in Keian 5, so that some accounts even propose a second-generation Kunimichi after the Jōō era.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin4
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken65

Elite Standing

0.31 across 74 designated works

Top 8% among smiths

Provenance

7 documented provenances across certified works by Kunimichi

Provenance Standing

2 works held in elite collections across 7 documented provenances

Top 68% among smiths

Raw score: 1.92 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 74 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 74 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKinmichi
Kunimichi
Students (3)
  1. 1.Yoshitake吉武2 for sale4designated
  2. 2.Kunitsugu國次2designated
  3. 3.Kunimichi國路1 for sale

Horikawa School

Other artisans of the Horikawa school

  1. 1.Kunihiro國廣6 for sale148designated
  2. 2.Kunisada國貞4 for sale88designated
  3. 3.Kunitomo國儔1 for sale27designated
  4. 4.Masahiro正弘3 for sale14designated
  5. 5.Kuniyasu國安17designated
  6. 6.Kunisuke國助2 for sale50designated
  7. 7.Hiroyuki弘幸17designated
  8. 8.Kunikiyo國清2 for sale14designated
  9. 9.Kunikiyo國清7designated
  10. 10.Kuniyuki國幸1 for sale6designated
  11. 11.Kunimasa國正6designated
  12. 12.Yoshitake吉武2 for sale4designated