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  1. Schools
  2. Ichimonji
  3. Fukuoka Ichimonji
  4. Sadazane

Ichimonji Sadazane

貞眞

Tokujū
Vol. 7, No. 24 · Tachi

Ichimonji Sadazane

貞眞

13 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraHoji (1247–1249)PeriodKamakuraSchoolIchimonjiTraditionBizen-denFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan1,200(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeSAD613
1Jūyō Bunkazai
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
4Tokubetsu Jūyō7Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Sadazane is one of the earliest of the smiths of , working in the early period about the Hoji era of 1247 to 1249. The records him as a son of the Fukuoka founder Munetada, a line of descent the published sources repeat in their commentary on his blades, while a second tradition makes him a son of the smith Takatsuna. The published record sets the parentage against the work and finds them at odds: his surviving , the commentary says again and again, fire a well--laden with no prominent reflection in the , so that they look more archaic than Munetada, "older in feeling than Munetada" (宗忠よりもむしろ古調に見える). For that reason some judges classed him not with the at all but with the older group, and the question of which side a given blade belongs to runs through his whole record. The point was settled by direct observation. The reference texts preserve Honma's note that he had examined examples carrying the character above the two-character signature, "and so it is beyond doubt Ko-" (二字銘の上に「一」の字を冠しているものがあるので、古一文字に相違ない), placing Sadazane at the very head of the school.

His characteristic hand is the quiet, archaic register the published sources treat as typical. Over a fine the temper is a -based with , and entering freely, the bright, gathering with and coming and going, and the running quietly to a small turnback or burning out without one. What sets him apart is what is missing. Where the norm is a standing vividly in the , the commentary records of Sadazane that the reflection is not prominent, and one note draws the contrast as his individuality: the Ko- blades mostly show a standing , "yet this smith has many works in which the reflection is not conspicuous" (映りの目立たない), and from this his own character can be read. The base under the small , the restraint of the temper, and the absence of the showy reflection are the marks that the published sources return to as his typical work.

The is the other half of the picture. The forging is a , at times a with a standing tendency and flowing passages, very well knit, with lying thick and fine and entering through it. Through that the published sources repeatedly note patches of , the speckled steel of old and , and on one the commentary writes that the stands a little and carries thickly with " mixed in that at a glance recalls " (一見青江を想わせるような地斑). That speckled steel, rare among the brilliant Fukuoka and Katayama hands, is the most particular thing in his . On the finer-grained blades the feature reads as a faint -toned , present but never the bright, billowing reflection of the later .

His work falls into two registers of one manner. The typical one is the subdued described above. A minority of his show a somewhat showier hand, and the published sources flag the difference explicitly: of one with a standing and a crossed with , the commentary says it is "somewhat flamboyant for Sadazane" (貞真の中ではやや華やか). Of a in the fuller voice, the published record observes that it "carries on the manner of and adds a further freshness to it" (古備前の作風を継承して、更に新味を加えている), and finds in that the very thing worth seeing in the Ko- school. The signature itself is part of his identity. The is a two-character Sadazane cut large near the in a thin chisel, "large in thin strokes" (細鏨で大振り), and the published sources name this hosotagane large two-character signature as one of the smith's own tells, a help in attribution given how few signed works survive.

The difficulty that defines his place in the school is the homonym. The published sources record that there is a Sadazane in both the group and the early "whose work and signature so resemble each other that they cannot readily be told apart" (古備前派及び古一文字に同名があり、しかも作風、銘振ともによく似て、俄かに決し難い), and individual blades are judged to one side or the other case by case. Several of his are read as work, others firmly as Ko-; the -marked examples Honma saw anchor the end. The commentary frames his restraint as the school's virtue rather than a want of fire, noting of one blade that the subdued character is not Sadazane's alone but belongs to the whole early group, "and that everything is understated is itself a point to see" (すべて地味であるのも見どころ). He stands at the threshold where passes into , his archaic preceding the brilliant Fukuoka of Yoshifusa and the Katayama hand of Norifusa, and his blades are valued as records of the school at its very beginning.

Sadazane is rated Jo by Fujishiro, with a Toko Taikan valuation of 1,200,000 yen. Almost his whole surviving record is signed, an unusual circumstance for so early a master: twelve of his designated works carry his two-character against a single unsigned attribution. The designations stand at four and seven , eleven blades in the and tiers, with one Important Cultural Property among them. The earliest, a designated Bijutsuhin in 1939, is the blade the reference texts cite under Honma's -mark note; it was held by Kazama Yokichi of Niigata. Among his the published sources single out one as "the foremost of the Ko- within the Important Sword rank" (重要刀剣指定の古一文字中の右翼と目される), and of his finest the commentary calls it, "a valuable blade by which to know this smith's real ability, signed works by him being few" (在銘が少ない本工にあってその実力を識る貴重な一振り). Recorded whereabouts of his blades include the Tokugawa Art Museum, the Tokyo National Museum and the Seikado Bunko Art Museum, the rest held in long-private hands. With one Important Cultural Property preserved as patrimony and never traded, his market is the small body of and ; a signed Sadazane comes to light only rarely, and when one does it is a record of the earliest generation that few collectors will encounter.

Kantei

the archaic, utsuri-less Ichimonji: a suguha-based ko-midare over a jifu-bearing ko-itame, judged between Ko-Bizen and Ko-Ichimonji, with a quieter flamboyant register

Sadazane is recorded in the as a son of the Fukuoka founder Munetada, working about the Hoji era (1247-49); on the work itself the published sources judge him Ko-, the earliest and most restrained hand. The recurring verdict is that his surviving look more archaic than Munetada, a well covered in with the NOT prominent, so much so that some judge him . He is the quiet, -less : a -based with small over a fine carrying and , on a slender, high-, . A two-character in thin, large chisel-strokes is itself his tell.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Fukuoka Ichimonji (Yoshifusa)

6% of his works · 0.1× vs Fukuoka Ichimonji (Yoshifusa)

56% of his works · 6.2× vs Fukuoka Ichimonji (Yoshifusa)

38% of his works · 4.2× vs Fukuoka Ichimonji (Yoshifusa)

Observation by phase

Archaic, utsuri-less ko-midare (the typical manner)

Over a fine carrying and abundant , the published sources see a -based with small , and entering, thick, and the running to a small turnback or burning out without one. The is repeatedly noted as NOT prominent, the character more archaic than Munetada, the reason some judge him .

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The quieter flamboyant register (choji-midare with utsuri)

less firmly established

A minority of his show what the published sources call a somewhat showier hand: a with , a standing, a bright , more in the , with and the running to . The explicitly frames these as somewhat more flamboyant than is usual for Sadazane, the Ko- manner carried at fuller voice.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources note a same-name smith in both Ko-Bizen and Ko-Ichimonji whose work and signature so resemble each other that they are hard to tell apart; individual blades are judged to one side or the other.

Honma observed examples carrying the character Ichi above the two-character signature, confirming the Ko-Ichimonji attribution; the thin-chisel, large two-character mei is named as this smith's own tell.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō4
Jūyō Tōken7

Elite Standing

0.38 across 13 designated works

Top 7% among smiths

Provenance

1 documented provenance across certified works by Sadazane

Provenance Standing

0 works held in elite collections across 1 documented provenances

Top 48% among smiths

Raw score: 2.00 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 13 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 13 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Sadazane
Student
  1. 1.Yoshizane吉眞2designated

Ichimonji School

Other artisans of the Ichimonji school

  1. 1.Muneyoshi宗吉12designated
  2. 2.Narimune成宗10designated
  3. 3.Shigehisa重久5designated
  4. 4.Munetada宗忠5designated
  5. 5.Tsunetsugu恒次11designated
  6. 6.Sukenori助則4designated
  7. 7.Sukemune助宗4designated
  8. 8.Chikatsugu親次2designated
  9. 9.Naomune尚宗2designated
  10. 10.Yukikuni行國1 for sale2designated
  11. 11.Muneyori宗依3designated
  12. 12.Sukemasa資正1designated