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Hizen Tadayoshi

忠吉

Tokujū
Vol. 22, No. 20 · Katana

Hizen Tadayoshi

忠吉

60 ranked works

ProvinceHizenEraEnpo (1673–1681)PeriodEdoSchoolHizen TadayoshiTraditionShintoGeneration3rdTeacherTadayoshiFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,000(top 8%)TypeSwordsmithCodeTAD289
2Gyobutsu
9Tokubetsu Jūyō49Jūyō Tōken

Overview

is the name carried by the main line of the school, the house smiths of the Nabeshima domain working at Saga from the Keichō era onward. The founder, Hashimoto Shinzaemon, was sent by domain order in Keichō 1 to study in Kyoto under Myōju (he "studied at the gate of Myōju in Kyoto," 京の埋忠明寿の門に学び), returned to Saga, and prospered under the domain's patronage before taking a second court title as no Daijō and changing his name to Tadahiro. The single five-character signed of his hand in the record shows the Keichō- manner: a body wide with little taper, shallow and an extended point, a -toned shallow over a with and fine . The corpus assembled under this code, however, is overwhelmingly the work of a later generation, and the smith it most fully portrays is the third, Mutsu no Kami , eldest son of the second-generation Ōmi no Daijō Tadahiro, who took the name back to the main house after the death of the Tosa no Kami line and who the published sources hold to be the finest forger of the school's first three generations.

His characteristic hand is a tempered restraint. Over a tightly packed he sets the the published sources name as the manner "he most excelled in" (彼が最も得意とした中直刃), at times tinged with a shallow and the faintest suggestion of , with small and entering, the deep, well adhered, fine and running through, and the bright and clear. The is consistently a straight , sometimes turning back deeply with at the tip. His is broad, long and thick, weighty in the hand, and the judges read it as recalling not his father but his grandfather, the manner the commentary returns to again and again as "calling to mind not the father but rather the grandfather, the first-generation " (父よりもむしろ祖父の初代忠吉を想わせる).

The is where his reputation rests. Tightly forged takes on the , the rice-bran surface in which finely granular lies thickly and evenly, entering to give it depth, the steel itself clear. Among the first three generations of the main line the published sources call his forging the strongest and most refined, "the strongest and most refined of the upper three generations" (上三代の中で最も強く精美), and they name the quality of his forging his true forte, "the excellence of his forging is his true hallmark" (鍛えの良さは彼の真骨頂). Over that the temper stays comparatively calm, the activity carried in deep and , in fine and , and above all in the clarity of the rather than in towering clusters.

Alongside the runs a showier register, the -. Skilled in the clove pattern as well, he forged a mixing , with broad entering, and , deep and . On one the clove pattern is so close to his father's that the published sources call it a temper "to be mistaken for the of his father Ōmi" (父近江の丁子乱に見紛うもの), set apart from his usual Mutsu manner; this is the bright face held against the calm . A second matter occupies the commentary: the rarity of his five-character signatures. One " no " five-character is judged by the chisel-work of the signature, the position of the and the workmanship to be the third generation and not the founder, and the sources call such pieces by his hand "extremely rare" (同工の五字忠銘は極めて珍しく), a valuable document for knowing him. The texts caution that the main line signs on the in the manner, so that "in the case of a " (刀の場合に指裏) a blade signed on the warrants particular care over authenticity.

What sets the third generation apart within his own house is precisely what the judges name. His own works are comparatively few, both because his forging career was short and because he served as a substitute maker for his long-lived and prolific father; the second-generation Ōmi no Daijō Tadahiro is the broad open record of the school, the third its strongest and most refined hand. His bright komenuka- and his powerful become the standard against which later work is read, and the published sources distinguish him from his father by the strength of his forging and the clarity of both and , and from the founder by the tightness and refinement of the steel rather than by any departure of manner. The line he holds is the conservative one, the grandfather's carried forward at its highest finish.

For the collector he is a knowable and, by the standards of the great names, an attainable hand. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties on record; his standing rests instead on nine works in the rank and a further forty-nine in the , fifty-eight blades across the two tiers, several of the called by the published sources his finest workmanship, one "transmitted in the Nabeshima family in the domain-administration era" (藩政時代は鍋島家に伝来した). Provenance, where recorded, runs through the Imperial Family and the Nabeshima house, the domain his line served. Signed of the main line survives in real numbers and reaches the market more readily than a master ever could, so a papered example in the tier is not beyond a patient collector, while the third generation's finest komenuka- , sound and dignified, comes to light only from time to time and is a landmark when it does.

Kantei

a multi-generation house line read by generation: the founder's Keicho-shinto five-character work, the corpus prime of the third generation in his deep-nioi chu-suguha over the tightest komenuka-hada, and the showier Hizen-choji register that runs alongside the suguha

is the name of the main line of the school, the Nabeshima domain's house smiths working at Saga from the Keicho era. The corpus under this code is overwhelmingly the work of two of those generations and is dominated by the third, Mutsu no Kami , with the founder represented by a single five-character signed . The first generation, Hashimoto Shinzaemon, studied under Myoju in Kyoto by domain order, returned to Saga, and later took the title no Daijo and the name Tadahiro; his -toned shallow with and and sets the school's foundation. The recognized prime of the corpus is the third generation, eldest son of the second-generation Omi no Daijo Tadahiro: the published sources call his forging the strongest and most refined of the first three generations, his the tightest, and his of deep , well-adhered , fine and and a bright clear the manner he most excelled in, set in a broad, powerful that recalls the grandfather rather than the father. Alongside the runs the showier - register, a with that the sources liken to his father's clove pattern. The is consistently a straight .

Diagnostic discriminators

41% of his works

the chu-suguha of deep nioi with well-adhered ko-nie, fine kinsuji and sunagashi and a bright clear nioiguchi is the manner the published sources say the third generation most excelled in, the calm face against the showier choji

55% of his works

Observation by phase

The first generation (five-character Tadayoshi / Musashi no Daijo Tadahiro), the founder

The founder, Hashimoto Shinzaemon, was the Nabeshima domain's retained smith; in Keicho 1 he was sent by domain order to study under Myoju in Kyoto, returned to Saga, and prospered under the domain's patronage, later taking a second Kyoto title as no Daijo and changing his name to Tadahiro. The single five-character signed of his hand in the corpus shows the Keicho- manner clearly: wide in body with little taper, shallow and an extended , a ground with and fine , and over it a -toned shallow with and entering well, adhering and some coarser mixed, the with and fine and . The or carving program is absent here; a cutting-test signature was added later. The published sources read it from the signature manner as work of about Keicho 20.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The third generation (Mutsu no Kami Tadayoshi), his chu-suguha prime

The corpus prime is the third generation, eldest son of the second-generation Omi no Daijo Tadahiro, known as Shinzaburo, who succeeded as the third head of the Hashimoto main line and took the name back to the main house after the death of Tosa no Kami ; he received Mutsu no Daijo in Manji 3 and advanced to Mutsu no Kami in 1, dying in Jokyo 3 seven years before his father. His works are comparatively few, both because his career was short and because he served as a substitute maker for his prolific father. The published sources hold his forging to be the strongest and most refined of the first three generations: a tightly packed becoming the with thickly granular and fine . Over it he sets the he most excelled in, at times tinged with a shallow and a hint of , with small and , deep , well-adhered , fine and , and a bright clear . The runs straight to a , sometimes with a deep turnback and . The is broad, long, thick and powerful, recalling the grandfather rather than the father.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Hizen-choji register (the showier choji-midare alongside the suguha)

Although noted above all for , the third generation was also skilled at the clove pattern, and a clear register of his record is the -: a mixing , broad entering, and , deep and . The published sources say his is close to his grandfather's work in quality and that on one the clove pattern is so like his father Omi no Daijo's as to be mistaken for it; this is the showier face set against the calm . The here is a , at times a standing , with , and the stays a straight .

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources hold the third generation's forging to be the strongest and most refined of the first three generations of the Hizen main line, attribute to him a broad powerful sugata recalling the grandfather rather than the father, and note that his extant works are comparatively few both because his career was short and because he served as a substitute maker for his prolific father.

A rare five-character Hizen no Kuni Tadayoshi katana is judged by the chisel-work of the signature, the position of the mekugi-ana and the workmanship to be the third generation rather than the founder, the published sources calling such five-character signatures by his hand extremely rare and a valuable document for knowing him.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu2
Tokubetsu Jūyō9
Jūyō Tōken49

Elite Standing

0.33 across 60 designated works

Top 8% among smiths

Provenance

4 documented provenances across certified works by Tadayoshi

Provenance Standing

4 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances

Top 16% among smiths

Raw score: 2.20 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 60 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 60 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherTadayoshi
Tadayoshi
Students (20)
  1. 1.Tadayoshi忠吉4 for sale60designated
  2. 2.Yoshiie吉家4designated
  3. 3.Yoshinobu吉信4designated
  4. 4.Hironori廣則3designated
  5. 5.Tosa no Kami Tadayoshi忠吉3designated
  6. 6.Hirosada廣貞1designated
  7. 7.Tadakiyo忠清1designated
  8. 8.Yoshihiro吉廣2 for sale1designated
  9. 9.Tadayoshi忠吉2 for sale2designated
  10. 10.Yoshinaga吉長
  11. 11.Yukihiro行廣
  12. 12.Tadayoshi忠吉2 for sale
  13. 13.Tadamasa忠正
  14. 14.Tadayoshi忠吉
  15. 15.Tadayoshi忠吉4 for sale
  16. 16.Tadayoshi忠吉
  17. 17.Tadayoshi忠吉2 for sale
  18. 18.Tadayoshi忠吉1 for sale
  19. 19.Tadayoshi忠吉
  20. 20.Yoshisada吉貞2designated

Hizen Tadayoshi School

Other artisans of the Hizen Tadayoshi school

  1. 1.Tadayoshi忠吉8 for sale125designated
  2. 2.Tadahiro忠廣7 for sale169designated
  3. 3.Masahiro正廣3 for sale32designated
  4. 4.Tadakuni忠國1 for sale32designated
  5. 5.Masahiro正廣4 for sale24designated
  6. 6.Yukihiro行廣1 for sale16designated
  7. 7.Yoshinobu吉信4designated
  8. 8.Muneyasu宗安4designated
  9. 9.Yoshiie吉家4designated
  10. 10.Tadakuni忠國1 for sale3designated
  11. 11.Tosa no Kami Tadayoshi忠吉3designated
  12. 12.Yoshifusa吉房3designated