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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Awataguchi
  3. Norikuni

Awataguchi Norikuni

則國

Tokujū
Vol. 14, No. 2 · Tantō

Awataguchi Norikuni

則國

15 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraTeio (1222–1224)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAwataguchiTraditionYamashiro-denTeacherKunitomoToko Taikan3,000(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeNOR145
1Kokuhō
2Jūyō Bunkazai
3Jūyō Bijutsuhin
3Tokubetsu Jūyō6Jūyō Tōken

Overview

The record of Norikuni centers on a slender signed that preserves its original tang, with an old scabbard whose document of provenance states that Kitabatake Akiie received the sword from Emperor Go-Daigo; it passed in 1998 and rose to in 2000. Norikuni, called Toma no Jo, was the son of Kunitomo, the eldest of the six brothers, and the father of Sahyoe no Jo Kuniyoshi; his dates are given as around Katei (1235 to 1238), the bridge generation between the age of his father and uncles and the age of Kuniyoshi and Yoshimitsu. A prewar designation record adds the tradition that he served as a on Oki (隠岐の番鍛治を勤めたという), the island of the exiled Retired Emperor Go-Toba. On one point the published sources never vary: surviving works with secure signatures, and alike, are very few.

His , the greater part of what survives, are with , of standard width, with . The is a tightly knit , the dust-fine and thick, with fine woven through. Over it he tempers a calm in , deep in , taking in or a shallow with small . Fine and run within the , and the turns back in a refined , at times lightly swept. On the and he cuts , often paired with a ; the grooves are spaced narrowly and set close to the , a placement the published sources call "a habit common to the craftsmen of the school" (一派の各工に共通する手癖). The Kuroda that bears his rather large two-character signature is judged sound in , and form alike, "one of the foremost works of this smith" (同工屈指の優品).

The steel itself carries the school's name. Of the unsigned of session 46 the published sources write that the is extremely tightly knit, the minute giving "a moist, pear-skin surface" (潤いのある梨子地状の肌合), with standing and the steel clear. The signed shows instead an mixed with , somewhat large in texture yet thoroughly worked and warm, displaying, as the sources put it, the celebrated virtues of (流石に粟田口物の地がねの美点をよく表し); over it a faint rises.

The published sources divide his manner by form. Among the there are works in a -based temper mixing , but for the "a calm, graceful is general" (穏雅な直刃が一般的). The signed register is the rarer one: a slender blade of high with , closing in a small point, the temper dropped in a slight just above the . Its activity gathers from the middle down through the lower half, in with and , while the upper reaches run a calm and the ends nearly straight with a tendency. The thin, short on its is what the old texts call the wasure-bi (忘れ樋), the forgotten groove often met on . The is of two characters, and the form of the character is noted as close to his son Kuniyoshi's, a point of attention in appraising his signatures. appraisals run the length of the record: an of Koon dated 1639 on the Matsudaira , an of Kochu dated 1713, and a thought to be the hand of Tadaaki, the nineteenth master; these are attributions by later appraisers, not signatures. So too the on which the late smith Ishido Unju Korekazu cut an inscription recording that he had shortened a work of Norikuni, a document the judges call greatly treasured as source material (資料的に大変珍重される).

Within the family his place is fixed by two observations that run in opposite directions. His manner is common to Kuniyoshi and Yoshimitsu, but the published sources state that his is comparatively stronger (比較的沸が強い); of the they write likewise that "the within the is strong" (刃中の沸が強い). Yet that strength never disorders the line. His does not break into minutely complex small patterning, and the judges make this restraint itself the thread of appraisal, writing of the unsigned of session 46 that the way the does not become so intricately disordered in small patterns "is what connects it to the signed works of this smith" (さまで小模様に複雑に乱れない点が同工の有銘作に繋がる). The hand of the school belonged to his uncle Kuniyasu; Norikuni's own appears only on his , and only in the lower half. The Kuroda of session 20, -toned yet shallowly undulant with mixed in, is singled out as the exception, good material for knowing the breadth of his work.

Fifteen designated works stand on record. Of his rare signed , three were designated , Important Cultural Properties, and one of these has since been elevated to , a National Treasure; with them stand three , six and three prewar Bijutsuhin. The Toko Taikan values him at 3,000 against a ceiling of 3,500, the figure of a master of the first rank. The National Treasure and the Important Cultural Properties are patrimony, preserved beyond any market; among the recorded holders of his work are Atsuta Jingu and the Kyoto National Museum. The provenance roll is of the order. The signed carries the old legend of Emperor Go-Daigo and Kitabatake Akiie; the Kuroda house of held the signed whose is scattered with the family's -tomoe crest; the Matsudaira lords of Iyo Saijo kept the with its 1639 ; Mori Motomichi held both prewar Jubi ; the Ikeda family appears as well. For the private collector the arithmetic is severe: nine blades stand in the and tiers, and most have rested long in the hands. A work of Norikuni reaching the open market is a rare event, and a signed example would be among the rarest encounters the field affords.

Kantei

one Awataguchi manner keyed by form: calm ko-nie suguha tanto in strong nie, and the rare tachi with a slight yakiotoshi and ko-midare in the lower half

Norikuni, called Toma-no-jo, is the son of Kunitomo, eldest of the six brothers, and the father of Sahyoe-no-jo Kuniyoshi; his dates are given as around Katei (1235-38), making him the bridge between the generation and the age of Kuniyoshi and Yoshimitsu. Signed works, and alike, are very few. Over the tight , dense with dust-fine and , he tempers a calm deep in ; his carry cut close to the , and his rare signed drops the temper slightly above the and works with into the lower half. Against his the tells run both ways: the stands stronger than in Kuniyoshi or Yoshimitsu, yet the never breaks into the minutely complex of his uncle Kuniyasu.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs the profiled Awataguchi kin (Hisakuni, Kuniyasu, Kuniyoshi, Yoshimitsu)

13% of his works

the inverse tell: ko-midare appears only on his tachi, and his hamon never breaks into minutely complex midare, the very point by which the judges tie a mumei blade to his signed works; the midare hand of the school is Kuniyasu

Observation by phase

Refined ko-nie suguha over tight ko-itame (the one manner, keyed by form)

A tight , in the an mixed with , carries dust-fine thick and fine , at times a faint ; the steel is judged bright and moist in the way. The is a calm in , deep in , mixing , shallow and small , with and running finely through the . The is with a refined turnback, at times lightly swept.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
The tachi: slender koshizori grace, slight yakiotoshi on the signed example, ko-midare worked into the lower half— the rare signed register: a slender, high-koshizori tachi with funbari and a small point, the temper dropped slightly above the machi, the activity gathered in the lower half with a calm suguha above; the mumei tachi attribution rests on the hamon not breaking into complex midare
The tanto: uchizori, calm suguha in strong nie, gomabashi by the mune— the tanto carry the corpus, ten of the fifteen records; the papers state that a graceful calm suguha is his general tanto manner, with the nie comparatively stronger than in Kuniyoshi or Yoshimitsu
Scholarship

His signed works, tachi and tanto alike, are repeatedly called very few; he signs in two characters, on the tanto at times rather large, and the form of the character Kuni is noted as close to his son Kuniyoshi's, a point of attention in appraising the mei.

Hon'ami appraisals run through the record: an origami of Koon dated 1639, an origami of Mitsutada dated 1713, and a shu-mei thought to be the hand of Tadaaki, the nineteenth master.

On an o-suriage mumei katana the late Edo smith Ishido Unju Korekazu cut an inscription recording that he shortened a work of Norikuni, a document the judges call greatly treasured.

Designations

Kokuhō1
Jūyō Bunkazai2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin3
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō3
Jūyō Tōken6

Elite Standing

0.66 across 15 designated works

Top 4% among smiths

Provenance

12 documented provenances across certified works by Norikuni

Provenance Standing

8 works held in elite collections across 12 documented provenances

Top 7% among smiths

Raw score: 2.78 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 15 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 15 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunitomo
Norikuni
Students (3)
  1. 1.Kuniyoshi國吉1 for sale51designated
  2. 2.Norikuni則國
  3. 3.Norikuni則國

Awataguchi School

Other artisans of the Awataguchi school

  1. 1.Yoshimitsu吉光50designated
  2. 2.Kuniyoshi國吉1 for sale51designated
  3. 3.Kunitsuna國綱18designated
  4. 4.Hisakuni久國21designated
  5. 5.Kuniyasu國安23designated
  6. 6.Kunitomo國友4designated
  7. 7.Kunikiyo國清4designated
  8. 8.Kuninobu國延1designated
  9. 9.Kunitsuna國綱1designated
  10. 10.Kagehisa景久1designated
  11. 11.Kunimitsu國光1designated
  12. 12.Kunimitsu國光2designated