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  1. Schools
  2. Awataguchi
  3. Kuniyoshi

Awataguchi Kuniyoshi

國吉

Tokujū
Vol. 19, No. 2 · Katana

Awataguchi Kuniyoshi

國吉

51 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraKenji (1275–1278)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAwataguchiTraditionYamashiro-denFujishiroSai-jo saku(Supreme Work)Toko Taikan2,000(top 2%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1828
7Jūyō Bunkazai
5Jūyō Bijutsuhin
18Tokubetsu Jūyō21Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Nearly every published designation text on Kuniyoshi cites the Narukitsune, the Crying Fox, a large bearing his long signature Sahyoe-no-jo Fujiwara Kuniyoshi (左兵衛尉藤原国吉), and newly judged blades are still read against its manner. Kuniyoshi is recorded as the son of Norikuni, by some accounts his pupil, and a grandson of Kunitomo, eldest of the six brothers of Yamashiro; his younger brother was Kunimitsu. Transmitted as either his son or his student is Toshiro Yoshimitsu, the celebrated master of the . A dated Koan 3 (1280) survives, and the sword drawings of the old books preserve dates of Kenji 4 (1278), Koan 6 (1283) and Koan 10 (1287); by these the published sources confirm the traditional sequence of the generations and fix him in the middle period.

The published record describes his manner in a settled formula: a finely kneaded rich in , beautiful in effect, and a in well-attached mixing and , the and together judged "a degree stronger than the works" (地刃が来物よりも一段と強い). Above everything stands the , the doubled line that runs conspicuously along the and is cited again and again as his greatest point. The Kaifunki already names it his habit: "as a habitual mannerism there is often , and silver often floats in the as in a cast object" (手くせにたぶん二重刃ありて炮物のように地に銀浮くことも多し). At times the line trebles into sanjuba, often formed of strung along the edge, and on more than one blade it carries into the . and enter frequently, and fine work through the , and the is repeatedly described as bright and clear. The is typically straight with a refined turnback.

The carries the school's name. He forges a mixed with , kneaded extremely tight, over which sits dust-fine and thick with delicate , until the steel takes on the so-called , the pear-skin steel of the idiom. stands over it, at times with a faint -like tone mixed in. The Kokon Meizukushi praises the taste of his steel as a gleam deep in the color of the , "like the silver of a tenmoku bowl dusted with ash" (灰かつぎの天目の銀のごとし).

His certain signed number only two. One has long been an Important Cultural Property; the second surfaced only at its designation in 1997, a slender, elegant blade of high -zori with . A third, shortened, with a two-character low on the tang, was admitted at its designation as extremely close to those two. The are comparatively many and carry most of his signatures, the number several, and the Narukitsune stands apart as the single great . The shapes, stubby and wide like a kitchen knife, ordinary, slender and elongated, or wide and elongated, in or without curve, are called "remarkably diverse" (頗る多様) and opposed to the uniformity of the school; like Yoshimitsu he often works the temper down over the , and or are carved on many. The unsigned blades are the more numerous, of wide and shallow wa-zori with the pulled in fashion, where the grows busier with and , and thick. On these the is the point on which the judges anchor the attribution, and one ayame-zukuri is judged to give the very impression of a Narukitsune enlarged (鳴狐を大きくしたような). The are elegant, the point not flaring, often in with the , and "the of this maker often show strong " (同作の剣にはしばしば沸の強いものがあり). The signature is normally the two characters Kuniyoshi, the chisel running from fine to ordinary to thick, a variety ascribed to difference of period.

On his relation to Yoshimitsu the published sources reason from the dates. Kuniyoshi has the Koan 3 and the dated drawings of the old books; Yoshimitsu has no dated work at all, extant or recorded. Both made few and excelled in of unusually varied shape, and from this the judges find it reasonable to see the two not as father and son but as master and pupil of comparatively small age difference (年齢差の比較的少ない師弟). One text states plainly that together with Yoshimitsu of his school he produced many , both displaying superior technique. The appears on nearly half of his records, only occasionally in Yoshimitsu's, and never in those of his father Norikuni; the sanjuba is met in his work alone among them; and it is on his records that the texts name the outright.

Fujishiro rates him Sai-jo , and fifty-one designated works stand on record. There are no National Treasures among them, but seven blades are Important Cultural Properties, his long-known signed at their head, and five are prewar Bijutsuhin, one a formerly of the Aoyama viscount family of Sasayama. Eighteen blades hold the rank and twenty-one the , thirty-nine in the two tiers together. The provenance roll is in keeping. A signed with an of Koon descends in the Matsudaira house of Iyo Saijo, and a in the Reizei house of court poets; the two-character was owned by Okubo Ichio and passed to the Iwasaki house; a signed belongs to the Owari Tokugawa Reimeikai; and one signed , by its scabbard inscription, was presented by Todo Takamutsu at a birth celebration in the Tokugawa house. Of recorded whereabouts today, examples rest in the Tokugawa Art Museum, the Kyoto National Museum and the Hikone Castle Museum, with others in private hands. For the collector, Kuniyoshi is by measure not wholly beyond reach. The Important Cultural Properties are patrimony preserved outside the market, but the thirty-nine blades of the and tiers are where a private example is met, most of them whose attribution rests on the doubled line along the . Such a blade comes to market only rarely, and is an event when it does; a signed is rarer still, and a signed , of which two certain examples exist, is among the rarest encounters the school affords.

Kantei

one refined Awataguchi manner keyed by form: uchizori tanto of diverse shape and several ken in quiet suguha, stately mumei tachi with livelier ko-midare and ashi; the nijuba along the ha is the constant tell

Kuniyoshi, called Sahyoe-no-jo, is the son of Norikuni, grandson of Kunitomo, and the father or teacher of Toshiro Yoshimitsu; a dated Koan 3 (1280) and the dates in the old sword books fix him in mid . Over the tightest , dense with dust-fine until the steel turns to the so-called , with standing, he tempers a bright mixing and ; his habit, named already in the Kaifunki, is the that runs conspicuously along the , at times trebling into sanjuba. The and are judged a degree stronger than the works. Signed number only two; the , in remarkably diverse shapes, and several carry his name, beside the Narukitsune, the large signed Sahyoe-no-jo Fujiwara Kuniyoshi.

Diagnostic discriminators

48% of his works · 4.8× vs his son or student Toshiro Yoshimitsu

11% of his works

unique vs the profiled Awataguchi kin (Yoshimitsu, Norikuni)

nie-utsuri stands on two records in five, at times called powerful; with the ji-nie it makes the ji and ha that the papers judge a degree stronger than the Rai works

Observation by phase

Nashiji ko-itame and bright ko-nie suguha with the nijuba tell (the one manner, keyed by form)

A mixed with , kneaded until it is extremely tight, carries dust-fine thick and fine , the steel turning to the so-called with standing and at times a faint tone mixed in. The is in bright , mixing , and , and entering frequently, with and fine ; along the runs the of the Kaifunki's phrase, at times trebled into sanjuba, often formed of strung along the edge. The is with a refined turnback, at times lightly swept, and crosses even there.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
The ken: several signed, elegant non-flaring shape, strong nie— a work type the papers single out: several signed ken survive, with the shape elegant and the point not flaring, often in hoso-suguha with the boshi yakizume, and the papers note that his ken often show notably strong nie
The tachi and o-suriage katana: stately mid-Kamakura breadth, the hamon livelier with ko-midare and frequent ashi— the mumei register: thirty-six records are unsigned, mostly o-suriage katana of wide mihaba, wa-zori or koshi-zori, the chu-kissaki pulled in ikubi fashion. Here the suguha grows busy, choji-ashi and yo enter thickly, kinsuji and sunagashi run, and the nijuba is the point by which the judges fix the attribution; his two surviving signed tachi are by contrast slender, high in koshi-zori with funbari, of older grace
The tanto: uchizori, remarkably diverse shapes, quiet bright suguha, the temper worked down over the machi— the signed register: nineteen of the corpus records carry the two-character mei, most of them tanto. The papers stress that his tanto shapes are remarkably diverse, stubby and wide like a kitchen knife, ordinary, or slender and elongated, yet leaning to uchizori; the temper is often worked down over the machi in the manner shared with Yoshimitsu, and gomabashi or bonji are carved
Scholarship

His certain signed tachi number only two, one of them a new discovery recorded at its Juyo designation; the tanto are comparatively many, the ken several, and the Narukitsune stands apart as the single great wakizashi.

He signs in two characters, with the chisel running from fine to ordinary to thick, a range the papers ascribe to difference of period; beside the long signature of the Narukitsune, a tanto signed with the six characters Sahyoe-no-jo Kuniyoshi is recorded.

The Kokon Mei Zukushi praises the taste of his steel: a glitter deep in the color of the ji, like the silver of an ash-coated tenmoku bowl.

Hon'ami origami accompany his blades: of Koon and, dated Tenna 2 (1682), of Kojo.

Two katana carry gold-inlay attributions: one whose calligraphy is judged close to that of Kojo, the twelfth Hon'ami master, and one cut by Hon'ami Koson.

A fuji-gata boshi, the Fuji-shaped turnback sometimes met on Yamashiro work, is recorded on one signed tanto.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai7
Jūyō Bijutsuhin5
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō18
Jūyō Tōken21

Elite Standing

1.15 across 51 designated works

Top 1% among smiths

Provenance

14 documented provenances across certified works by Kuniyoshi

Provenance Standing

3 works held in elite collections across 14 documented provenances

Top 15% among smiths

Raw score: 2.22 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 51 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 51 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Kuniyoshi
Students (3)
  1. 1.Yoshimitsu吉光50designated
  2. 2.Kuninobu國延1designated
  3. 3.Yoshimasa吉正

Awataguchi School

Other artisans of the Awataguchi school

  1. 1.Yoshimitsu吉光50designated
  2. 2.Kunitsuna國綱18designated
  3. 3.Hisakuni久國21designated
  4. 4.Kuniyasu國安23designated
  5. 5.Norikuni則國15designated
  6. 6.Kunitomo國友4designated
  7. 7.Kunikiyo國清4designated
  8. 8.Arikuni有國2designated
  9. 9.Kunimitsu國光2designated
  10. 10.Kunimitsu國光1designated
  11. 11.Kagehisa景久1designated
  12. 12.Kunitsuna國綱1designated