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Overview·Kantei·Honors·Designations·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiHonorsDesignationsBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Awataguchi
  3. Kunitomo

Awataguchi Kunitomo

國友

Tokujū
Vol. 5, No. 2 · Tachi

Awataguchi Kunitomo

國友

4 ranked works

御番鍛冶
ProvinceYamashiroEraBunji (1185–1190)PeriodKamakuraSchoolAwataguchiTraditionYamashiro-denTeacherKuniieToko Taikan2,500(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN1339
1Jūyō Bunkazai
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Tokubetsu Jūyō

Overview

Kunitomo is a smith of the early period and, by the published account, the senior figure of his house. lay on the highway running from Kyoto toward Omi, where smiths had long resided, and from that quarter Kunitomo is transmitted as the eldest of the six brothers who founded the school's reputation: the published sources record that "Kunitomo was the eldest of the six brothers of the famed signed smiths, and is said to have styled himself Tobayashi Saemon" (国友は有銘な粟田口派六人兄弟の長兄で、藤林左衛門と称したと伝えている). His younger brothers were Hisakuni, Kuniyasu, Kunikiyo, Arikuni and Kunitsuna, and together with Hisakuni and Kuniyasu he was summoned as a , a smith in monthly attendance, to the cloister of the retired sovereign Go-Toba (Go-Toba In). The swordbooks place him around the Joukyu era, and he stands among the first hands to carry the refined Yamashiro manner that the school would raise to its height.

The characteristic hand is read first in the temper. Over the body of his signed Kunitomo sets a mixed only with , the calm, restrained line of early , into which enter and ; the lies deep with , and run through it, and here and there the line softens into . This is the opposite pole from the clove-flower flamboyance of contemporary , a quiet edge whose interest is carried in the activity within rather than in the height of the pattern. is the constant note, appearing on every blade of his on record, the bright lightning line that marks his deep-, temper.

The is the school's signature and the surer half of the recognition. He forges a tightly packed that takes on a -like refinement, in places mixing flowing grain and patches of larger , with fine well adhered and the steel clear and bright; on the the close shows entering the . Over so refined a base the reads with particular clarity. The answers the quiet temper, running straight to a , or straight to a -like point with at the tip, and on the signed prime a is carved on the .

His record divides cleanly into two faces. The first is the , two-character signed , the signature finely cut on the toward the , slender with high , marked and a small , the elegant shape of the period preserved in its original tang. The second is the appraised as his work, slender and dignified in the register, its forging the finely worked and its temper the base with and mixed in. Securely signed examples are the heart of the scholarship around him: the published sources state plainly that "extant works securely bearing his signature are exceedingly few" (その有銘確実な作刀の現存するものは頗る少く), counting little more than the preserved at Atsuta Jingu and the pieces designated in modern times.

What sets Kunitomo apart is exactly what the judges name. He is held apart from the showier schools by the restraint of his and the refinement of his -like , the quiet, precise Yamashiro hand rather than the decorative one. Within his own house he stands at the head of the brothers, beside Hisakuni and Kuniyasu, and his manner is of a piece with the calm, exacting workmanship the line would carry to its summit. The yardstick the published sources reach for is the Atsuta : of his finest signed piece they judge that "in overall workmanship as well as in the manner of the signature it is extremely close to the example at Atsuta Jingu" (総体の出来も銘振りも熱田神宮のものに極めて近似している), and they call it a work in which "the merits and elevated dignity of the early school are superbly displayed" (初期粟田口派の美点と格調が見事に表示された作).

For the collector Kunitomo is a rare early name held very largely out of reach. The Toko Taikan places him high among rated smiths. He has no National Treasures; his record runs through an Important Cultural Property, two pieces at the rank, and a prewar Bijutsuhin, and the published commentary calls one of the signed "valuable as one of the few signed works" (数少ない有銘作として貴重である). The surest of his signed pieces, the Atsuta Jingu , is an Important Cultural Property and remains as patrimony; the Bijutsuhin signed is held by the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures, and the signed pieces otherwise pass through long-held private hands of recorded whereabouts. With only a couple of blades in the and tiers and securely signed works numbering only a handful in all, a signed Kunitomo comes to market only very seldom, and a privately held example is among the rarest things an early- collector could encounter, a document of how the school began.

Kantei

two faces of one early Awataguchi hand: the ubu signed two-character tachi, his recognized prime, with its refined nashiji-like ko-itame and a suguha-cho mixed with ko-midare carrying deep nioi, ko-nie, sunagashi and kinsuji, set against the ubu mumei tachi appraised as his work in the same Awataguchi register

Kunitomo is an smith of the early period and, by the published account, the eldest of the six brothers, sons of Kuniie, who is said to have styled himself Tobayashi Saemon; together with his younger brothers Hisakuni and Kuniyasu he was summoned to serve Retired Emperor Go-Toba as a . Reliable signed examples are exceedingly few, the published sources counting little more than the Atsuta Jingu (Important Cultural Property) and one signed piece, and his record divides into two faces. The signed two-character , his recognized prime, is slender with high , marked and a small , forged in a tightly packed that takes on a -like refinement with fine and clear steel, over which he tempers a mixed with , and entering, the deep with , and running through and the line softening here and there into ; the runs straight to a -like point or a . The other face is the appraised as his work, slender and dignified with the refined and -based temper. The published sources hold his finest signed to be extremely close to the Atsuta example in both workmanship and the manner of the signature.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Bizen-school standing itame

Observation by phase

The ubu signed two-character tachi (his recognized prime)

His finest record is the , two-character signed , the signature finely cut on the toward the . The shape is slender with high and marked , tending slightly toward , ending in a small , an elegant early form. The ground is a tightly packed that takes on a -like refinement, in places mixed with flowing tendencies and patches of larger grain, with fine well adhered and the steel clear. Over it the temper is a mixed with , and entering, the deep with , and running through, the line softening in places into . The runs straight to a -like point, or straight to a with a slightly subdued . On the a is carved. The published sources rank this with the Atsuta Jingu , calling it extremely close in both overall workmanship and the manner of the signature, and a superb expression of the merits and elevated dignity of the early school.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The ubu mumei tachi (Awataguchi Kunitomo attribution)

The other face of his record is the appraised as his work. It is slender, with high and evident , ending in a small , a dignified form preserved in its original tang. The ground is a finely worked, tightly knit , in places showing and flowing grain, with and . The temper is primarily , mixing and , entering, the deep with well adhered and appearing frequently; the runs straight to a with at the tip. The published sources affirm it from every point as the work of Kunitomo, fine in the refinement of the and in the activity within the predominantly temper, and pleasing for retaining its form in comparatively sound condition.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources transmit Kunitomo as the eldest of the six Awataguchi brothers, sons of Kuniie, styled Tobayashi Saemon, who together with Hisakuni and Kuniyasu was summoned as a ban-kaji to Retired Emperor Go-Toba; they note that securely signed extant works are exceedingly few, limited essentially to the Atsuta Jingu tachi and the present pieces, and that his finest signed tachi is extremely close to the Atsuta example in both workmanship and the manner of the signature.

Honors

御番鍛冶Goban Kaji (Go-Toba's Imperial Forging Rotation)

June rotation

Master smiths summoned by Retired Emperor Go-Toba (後鳥羽上皇) to serve monthly rotations forging swords at the imperial court, ca. Jōgen–Jōkyū (1208–1221). A cross-school honor: each smith retains his own school (, Fukuoka , , etc.). The linked school NS- holds only Go-Toba's own Kiku gyōsaku blades.

View full roster→

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken—

Elite Standing

0.24 across 4 designated works

Top 10% among smiths

Blade Forms

Distribution across 4 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 4 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKuniie
Kunitomo
Students (3)
  1. 1.Hisakuni久國21designated
  2. 2.Norikuni則國15designated
  3. 3.Norikuni則國

Awataguchi School

Other artisans of the Awataguchi school

  1. 1.Yoshimitsu吉光50designated
  2. 2.Kuniyoshi國吉1 for sale51designated
  3. 3.Kunitsuna國綱18designated
  4. 4.Hisakuni久國21designated
  5. 5.Kuniyasu國安23designated
  6. 6.Norikuni則國15designated
  7. 7.Kunikiyo國清4designated
  8. 8.Kunimitsu國光4designated
  9. 9.Arikuni有國2designated
  10. 10.Kunimitsu國光2designated
  11. 11.Kunimitsu國光1designated
  12. 12.Kagehisa景久1designated