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  1. Schools
  2. Hoki
  3. Ko-Hoki
  4. Kunimune

Hoki Kunimune

國宗

Tokujū
Vol. 3, No. 24 · Tachi

Hoki Kunimune

國宗

6 ranked works

ProvinceHokiErac. 1150–1220PeriodKamakuraSchoolHokiTraditionWakimonoTeacherKunimuneToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN666
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Tokubetsu Jūyō3Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kunimune of Hōki is one of the standing puzzles of the old Hōki school, a smith of the late to early period whose work is bound up at every turn with the problem of telling him from his far more famous namesake. The published sources are candid about how little is settled. No fixed account of him survives, and no blade among the few that remain records Hōki as his place of residence, so that he is known almost entirely from the workmanship and the cut of his signature. One tradition passes him down as a pupil of the smith Saburō Kunimune who later moved to Hōki, but the published commentary on his extant signed finds this hard to sustain: examined together, the surviving blades show none of Saburō's manner, run more archaic in tone, and may even precede him, so that the reads him not as a offshoot but as a smith who, in their words, 'inherited the line of the Yasutsuna group' (安綱一派の流れを汲む). He stands, in other words, beside Sadatsuna and the other early Hōki hands rather than among the -makers, and the constant refrain of his designation entries is that his work is 'distinct from Saburō Kunimune' (備前三郎国宗とは異なり).

What the judges actually name as his hand is a -laden, archaic temper rather than the bright of . Over the body of his signed and shortened he tempers a -based , broken with and a shallow tone, the entering well and the gathering thickly within the edge, and through it run insistent and , with the clouding to in places. This -rich, restless edge is the tell the published sources lean on to separate him from the calmer, -built of the Kunimune. The answers the : a or straight sweep that brushes into and finishes in a tone, rich in at the point.

The is the other half of the picture, and it is the more rustic for being old Hōki. The forging is with the grain standing, at times flowing, well applied and patches of intermingled, the steel inclining to a dark, iron-like color. It is the kind of the published sources warn can be mistaken for contemporaneous old , told apart by its standing grain, its darkish tone and the soft, clouded edge over it. On the finer pieces, where the forging tightens, a faint rises, and on one shortened the close with a masa tendency takes on a whitish reflection instead. Throughout, the manner is read as archaic and 'of high antiquarian fragrance' (古香の高い), no later than the early .

His small record divides into two registers. The mainstream face, carried on most of the signed and , is the rustic Hōki manner just described: standing , darkish steel, a clouded -based full of and . The second face is a small group of finer signed , two of them at the rank, where the forging packs into a dense with , the temper brightens into , and the upper half of the edge breaks into a banded double- and triple-temper, a and sanjūba effect. This banding is the feature the published sources single out as 'reminiscent of Sadatsuna of the lineage' (同派の貞綱をおもわせる), and it is the clearest internal link tying Hōki Kunimune into the Yasutsuna group. Across both registers he cuts a bold, archaic two-character signature near the tip of the tang with a thick chisel; the judges find its strokes 'rounder than the Kunimune's, with a somewhat different movement of the chisel' (銘が備前の国宗より丸味があり), and note that he never signs the fuller Hōki no Kunimune.

What sets him apart, then, is precisely what the comparison with brings out. His extant signed 'show no manner of Saburō Kunimune and are more archaic', and so are referred back to the Hōki line; his -rich edge, his and , and the and sanjūba of his best pieces are the affirmative evidence, not a borrowed flamboyance. The published sources fold his work into the body of Hōki blades they describe as sharing 'a manner common to old Hōki work' (古伯耆物に共通する作風), and date the school's reach in his case as late as the Einin era. He is, in short, a quiet, archaic Hōki hand carrying the Yasutsuna inheritance forward, valued as much for what he documents about that line as for any single brilliant trait.

For the collector he is a rare early name with a thin but real record. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his standing rests instead on the designated tiers, where five of his blades fall in the and ranks, two of them at the higher level. One shortened bears a gold-inlaid Hakushū Kunimune signature, and one prewar was certified an Important Art Object and recorded in the Nihontō Taikan. Provenance, where it is recorded at all, runs through old houses rather than museums: a blade transmitted in the Yamana and Ikeda families, and well-known examples the published sources name as once held at 'Kunōzan Tōshōgū' (久能山東照宮) and in the Ii family. Surviving works are few, and the commentary calls them precious as documentary material for so rare a smith. A signed Hōki Kunimune is not a blade that comes to market often; when one of recorded whereabouts does change hands it is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the Yasutsuna line ran on into the period.

Kantei

two registers of one Ko-Hoki hand: the mainstream rustic manner of standing itame, darkish ji-nie and a suguha-based ko-midare carrying frequent sunagashi and kinsuji in a clouded, nie-laden edge, set against a small group of finer signed tachi where the forging tightens to ko-itame and chikei, the temper turns to ko-choji and the upper half breaks into a nijuba and sanjuba banding the sources liken to Sadatsuna

Kunimune of Hoki is a Ko-Hoki smith of the late Heian to early Kamakura period whose name is one of the school's standing kantei problems, the published sources noting that no settled account of him survives, that no blade records Hoki as his residence, and that he must be told apart from the far better known Bizen Saburo Kunimune by both workmanship and signature. One view passes him down as a pupil of the Bizen smith who later moved to Hoki, but the published sources read his extant signed tachi as showing none of Saburo's manner, more archaic in tone and possibly even earlier, and place him instead within the Yasutsuna group. His mainstream hand, carried on most of the signed and suriage tachi attributed to him, forges a standing itame with ji-nie and patches of jifu, the steel inclining dark, over which he tempers a suguha-based ko-midare with gunome and a notare tone, ashi entering well, sunagashi and kinsuji running through a nie-laden edge whose nioiguchi at times clouds, the boshi running into hakikake and a yakizume sweep. His other register is a small group of finer signed tachi, two at the Tokubetsu Juyo rank, where the forging tightens to a packed ko-itame with chikei, the temper takes on ko-choji and the upper half breaks into a nijuba and sanjuba banding the published sources liken to Sadatsuna of the same line. Across both he cuts a bold, archaic two-character signature with a rounder chisel-stroke than the Bizen Kunimune, and surviving examples number only a few.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs his own mainstream rustic tachi (no banding)

unique vs Bizen Saburo Kunimune (nioi-built choji)

unique vs Bizen Saburo Kunimune's chisel-stroke

Observation by phase

The mainstream Ko-Hoki manner (the rustic signed and suriage tachi)

Most of the work judged Hoki Kunimune is signed or suriage tachi, and on them the published sources draw the archaic Ko-Hoki picture. The shape is shinogi-zukuri with iori-mune, the koshizori high, several keeping funbari and a small to chu kissaki even where shortened. The forging is itame with the grain standing, at times flowing, ji-nie well applied and patches of jifu intermingled, the steel inclining dark. Over it the temper rests on a suguha base broken with ko-midare, gunome and a shallow notare tone, ashi entering well, nie thick within the edge, sunagashi and kinsuji running insistently, and the nioiguchi at times clouding into urumi. The boshi runs in as midare or straight to a swept point, brushing into hakikake and taking a yakizume tone. The published sources judge this manner archaic and of high antiquarian taste, common to old Hoki work, and they distinguish it from Bizen Saburo Kunimune at every point, finding the small-midare temper, the nie-rich edge and the cut of the signature all to differ from Saburo and the period not later than the early Kamakura.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The tightened, brighter signed tachi (with nijuba-sanjuba banding)

A small number of signed tachi, two of them papered to the Tokubetsu Juyo rank, form his finer register, and the published sources hold them up as well-preserved and good in both ji and ha. Here the forging tightens, the itame packing into a dense ko-itame with fine ji-nie adhering thickly and chikei entering. The temper turns brighter, a suguha-based line into which ko-midare and ko-choji are mixed, choji-ashi and yo entering frequently, nie adhering well, and in the upper half the edge breaks into a banded nijuba and sanjuba manner with sunagashi and kinsuji, the boshi a notare-komi to ko-maru with hakikake. The published sources call this archaic and common to old Hoki work, showing none of Saburo Kunimune's manner, and they liken the double- and triple-temper banding specifically to Sadatsuna of the same lineage. One o-suriage katana, with a gold-inlaid signature reading Hakushu Kunimune, carries the register furthest, its ko-itame with masa tendency taking on a whitish utsuri, the temper a small notare with choji in deep nioi, the nioiguchi clear and bright.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record that no settled account of Hoki Kunimune survives, that no blade records Hoki as his place of residence, and that, although one view holds him a pupil of Bizen Saburo Kunimune who later moved to Hoki, his extant signed tachi show none of Saburo's manner; on the strength of workmanship and signature they regard him as more archaic, possibly even earlier, and as a smith descending from the Yasutsuna group rather than from Bizen.

Noting that the name Kunimune was borne by many smiths, including Bizen Saburo Kunimune, Nakahara Kunimune, Rai Kunimune and Uda Kunimune, the published sources date Hoki Kunimune to around the Einin era and cite well-known surviving examples once held at Kunozan Toshogu and in the Ii family, while observing that he never signed Hoki no Kuni Kunimune and that surviving works are few.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken3

Elite Standing

0.12 across 6 designated works

Top 16% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Kunimune

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 77% among smiths

Raw score: 1.88 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 6 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 6 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunimune
Kunimune
Student
  1. 1.Kunimune國宗6designated

Hoki School

Other artisans of the Hoki school

  1. 1.Yasutsuna安綱35designated
  2. 2.Ohara大原16designated
  3. 3.Sadatsuna貞綱19designated
  4. 4.Hiroyoshi廣賀1 for sale6designated
  5. 5.Aritsuna有綱1 for sale5designated
  6. 6.Sanekage眞景4designated
  7. 7.Yasuie安家1designated
  8. 8.Sadanawa貞繩1designated
  9. 9.Sukenaga助長1designated
  10. 10.Tomoyasu友安1designated
  11. 11.Narichika成近1designated
  12. 12.Morihiro守廣1designated