説明

Antique Japanese Sword Wakizashi Signed by Nobukuni Yoshisada with Hozon Certificate 【Description】 Summary This blade was signed by Nobukuni Minamoto Yoshisada (信国源吉貞). He is also known as 信国助左衛門吉貞 (Nobukuni Sukezaemon Yoshisada) and was active in sword-forging during the late Azuchi Momoyama-the early Edo Period (Late 16th-Early 17th century ) in Chikuzen province. Chikuzen is the name of the province located in Fukuoka prefecture today. Nobukuni is the name of his school, and Yoshisada is his maker’s name. Those who belonged to Nobukuni School in Chikuzen province were called Tsukushi Nobukuni, one of the most prospered sword forging schools in Kyushu island during the Edo period. The Fondation of Nobukuni School The Nobukuni school was initially founded by the first generation Nobukuni in Kyoto. The school stayed there for a few generations. However, the 4th generation Nobukuni SADAMITSU had to evacuate Kyoto city because the battle between the south emperor court and the north emperor court became severe. And as a result, Kyoto city was burnt(the late 1300’s). We called it the Nanbokucho war when the Japanese imperial court was separated into two. Nobukuni SADAMITSU managed to escape and arrive at Usaha(Ohita prefecture)to serve the Ajimu clan. Nobukuni school prospered there from third to 11th generation. However, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, one of the three unifiers of Japan, destroyed the Ajimu clan during the late Azuchi Momoyama period (1582). And, the 12th generation Nobukuni YOSHISADA moved to Chikuzen(Fukuoka prefecture), being invited by Kuroda Nagamasa, a famous feudal lord who served Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1602). Since then, Nobukuni school had been under the auspices of Kuroda clan for generations during the Edo period, and they exclusively forged for this clan. Nobukuni Yoshisada It is said that the swordsmith name Yoshisada lasted two generations, and we believe the first generation forged this blade. This Yoshisada is the one that moved from Usaha to Chikuzen to found Chikuzen Nobukuni School. His first son Yoshimasa and second son Yoshitsugu also exclusively forged swords for the Kuroda clan. Tachi Koshirae & Wakizashi blade This blade is stored in Tachi(太刀) Koshirae. Tachi was mainly used by an armored Samurai with one hand on horseback from the Heian period (794-1185 A.D.) until the early Muromachi period. TACHI was suspended loosely on the left waist with its edge facing the ground so that you could draw it faster to cut down soldiers on the ground. Because of its gorgeous looking, having a Tachi-style sword mounting became a social status among Samurai. You can see many gold family emblem design on the scabbard, which makes the whole appearance of the sword mounting beautiful. We assume this blade might have been made for the Genpuku ceremony for a high-class Samurai’s child. Genpuku ceremony is a special event when a child of a Samurai becomes 12 or 13 years old. He was treated as an adult at this age, and his hairstyle also had to change to a Chonmage hairstyle. It is often the case that the father presents a special wakizashi to his son. We suppose this blade was one of them. This blade is appraised as a Hozon Token(保存刀剣) issued by NBTHK(Nihon Bijutsu Touken Hozon Kyokai:日本美術刀剣保存協会). This au thentication paper was only given to authentic Japanese swords, well preserved with artistic value. 【 Blade】 Cutting Edge Length(Nagasa) : 53.5 cm( 21.0 inches) Curvature(Sori) : 1.6 cm ( 0.63 inches) Hamon : The crystalline structure which forms along the cutting edge of a blade as a result of the hardening process Jimon(Jihada) : visible steel surface pattern created by folding and hammering during forging process Nakago : Nakago is the tang of the Japanese sword. Japanese swordsmiths left the black rust on the tang because it prevents red rust while the tang is in its handle. And the discoloration of the tang was created over time, and it is a great indicator for a Japanese sword specialist to estimate when the sword was

Antique Japanese Sword Wakizashi Signed by Nobukuni Yoshisada NBTHK Hozon Certificate
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Antique Japanese Sword Wakizashi Signed by Nobukuni Yoshisada NBTHK Hozon Certificate

脇差

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仕様

長さ

53.5 cm

反り

1.6 cm

流派について

Nobukuni School信国派

2 重要刀剣

信国派は山城国京都に興った名門で、その流れは南北朝時代に遡る。一派の祖と仰がれる信国は了戒系の京鍛冶で、血脈の上では来の伝統を承けながら、修業の上では相州貞宗の門に入って貞宗三哲の一人に数えられた。来の系譜と相州伝という二つの根がこの一門の作のすべてを導く。銘鑑は祖を建武に置くが、説明書はこれを繰り返し退ける。建武年間の作は残らず、現存最古の延文・貞治の年紀作が貞宗に直結することから、本会は延文・貞治の工をもって初代と見做す。南北朝の末期には永徳・至徳・明徳の代替りの信国が続き、同銘数工があったと見られる。室町初期には左衛門尉・式部丞を冠する応永信国が栄え、これを通常三代と数える。一派は後に豊前へ、さらに筑前へ移り、慶長の頃より明治初年まで福岡藩黒田家の抱え鍛冶として吉貞・吉政・吉次・吉包・重包の代々を出し、新々刀期まで栄えた。 一派に通う語法は、まず地鉄に現れる。鍛えは杢を交えた板目で、刃寄りに流れて柾となりやや肌立ち、地沸を厚くとり地景が頻りに入り、よくつんだ作には淡い沸映りが立つ。刃寄りに流れる鍛えは了戒系の所伝を首肯せしめる証とされ、厚い地沸と頻りの地景は貞宗に学んだ相州伝の痕跡として読まれる。刃文は文様の如何を問わず沸で焼かれ、砂流し・金筋が絶えず働き、匂口は明るい。その作域は二様を基とする。一つは来派の伝統を示した直刃で、中直刃・細直刃に小沸つき、細かにほつれ喰違刃・二重刃ごころを交えて京物の格調を伝える。いま一つは貞宗風ののたれ乱れで、小のたれに互の目・小互の目を交え、足・葉入り、沸厚く明るく、刃縁にほつれ湯走りがかかり、最も多く出会う作域をなす。帽子はのたれ込みまたは乱れ込んで小丸となり掃きかける。御家芸とも言うべき濃密な彫物も貞宗譲りで、梵字・素剣・護摩箸・三鈷剣・倶利迦羅を重ね彫りにし、刀身に八幡大菩薩の神号を切る作もあって、彫物によって一門を見分けうる。代を下ると差異が明瞭となる。南北朝末期の後代は一派に初めて太刀を生み、二様に加えて互の目主調の乱れ刃を新たに見せ、互の目が二つ宛連れたものを腰の低い小のたれで繋ぐ矢筈状の刃を見どころとする。応永信国は左衛門尉が「国」の字のクニ構えの中を左字に作る点を大きな鑑別点とし、直刃と互の目乱れの双方に冴えた沸を宿す。筑前に移った吉包・重包は相州伝の志向と、流れ肌の乱れ映りを伴う一派の丁子乱れとを高い技倆で並べ持ち、重包は名物写しの名手として石堂風に紛う華やかな丁子を、地沸・地景・刃中の沸の顕著さによって石堂と分かった。 鑑定の勘所は明快である。刃寄りに流れる柾がかった肌、厚い地沸と頻りの地景、沸で焼いた直刃と貞宗風ののたれ乱れ、重ね彫りの宗教彫物が一門を束ね、相州の同門とも後世の備前丁子とも分かつ拠りどころとなる。無銘極めも代の弁別も延文三年紀の作との照合によって決せられ、後代は連れ互の目と矢筈刃で、応永信国は逆字の銘で、筑前の工は流れ肌の乱れ映りで読み分けられる。藤代の極めは初代信国を上々作とし、後代から応永信国まで京古刀の上位に列し、筑前の吉包・重包は地方新刀の堅実な工として上作の評を得る。在銘作は祖において短刀・小脇指に限られて稀であり、それゆえ年紀のある後代の太刀・薙刀は何よりの好資料として貴ばれる。伝来は大名家と社寺に厚く、黒田家・浅野家・山内家・佐竹家らの蔵刀に加え、本願寺名物や富士山本宮浅間大社に奉納された式部丞の脇指がある。上位指定の多くは公私の蔵に秘められて市に現れず、在銘の信国が世に出ること自体が稀であって、現れた時は南北朝以来の山城物の蒐集で特筆すべき機会となる。

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サムライミュージアム

samuraimuseum.jp

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