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  1. Schools
  2. Enju
  3. Kuninobu

Enju Kuninobu

國信

Tokujū
Vol. 15, No. 31 · Tachi

Enju Kuninobu

國信

7 ranked works

ProvinceHigoEraKenmu (1334–1338)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolEnjuTraditionYamashiro-denTeacherKunimuraToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN826
2Tokubetsu Jūyō5Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Kuninobu is counted among the leading disciples of Taro Kunimura and a representative smith of the school of , his active period traditionally placed around the Karyaku era at the close of . The published sources are candid that surviving works by his hand are far fewer than those of fellow members of the line such as Kunitoki, Kunisuke, Kuniyasu and Kuniyoshi, so that the smith is known through a small body of signed and a handful of shortened blades attributed to him on appraisal. The line is Yamashiro by descent: its founder Kunimura is transmitted in the prevailing tradition as a grandson in the female line of Kuniyuki, with a fuller version making him the child of Hiromura of the Yamato Senjuin school, who married a daughter of Kuniyuki, while one early text instead places Kunimura in the gate of Kunitoshi. From that root the school's make stands close to , and the published sources name the points by which it nonetheless parts from as the school's chief attractions: a inclination in the forging, a whitish , a that sinks, calmer activity within the edge, and a fuller . Kuninobu carries all of them.

His characteristic hand is . Every blade on record is -based, broad on the shortened and middling or narrow on the slender signed , leaning into a shallow with and a touch of gathering in the lower half, and entering, the tight with and inclined to sink, the internal working gentler than the school it descends from. His major point of appreciation is the that runs along the edge, a double the published sources hold up as a great hallmark of the school and one especially marked in his work. They write of it directly, that the way runs along the edge is a great point of appreciation for this school, 「刃に沿って二重刃がかかる様は同派の大きな見どころ」, and on his blades it is clearer and continues for a longer stretch than is usually seen, at times built up where -like dot the until they form a second line. and appear along the upper half, and the turns by stretches bright and by stretches subdued.

The is the other half of the recognition. Over an mixed with and flowing that stands toward rather than lying flat, fine gathers densely, fine enter, collects in mottled patches, and a whitish rises, the blackish Kyushu steel the school is known for. The published sources record this as the first of the school's distinctions, that in the forging a tendency stands out and a whitish appears, 「鍛えに柾ごころが目立ち白け映りが立ち」, the standing on nearly every blade of the corpus. The answers to the description, turning back in a full with a shallow or finishing in , with at the tip and on occasion a pointed return.

The smith is single in manner, so his work divides by register rather than by any change of style over time. The signed pieces are slender of high with and a compact , or only slightly shortened, the two-character cut large with a slender chisel above the toward the . On them the runs middling or narrow, well covered with and at its best bright, with and entering at intervals, a thing the published sources note is not uncommonly seen among smiths of this group. The signature is itself a tool of attribution: across the right half within the -gamae is cut in an ear-shaped form, but Kuninobu's own habit is to cut the vertical stroke inside the enclosure at a marked diagonal, and on one he sets the character for slightly to the left of . The second register is the shortened, unsigned attributed to him on appraisal, wide of and thick of , with deep curvature and a slightly extended , a dignified late- bearing the published sources call full of presence and liken to the silhouette of Kunimitsu of the homeland tradition.

The distinction of his work is best drawn from his own grounded traits rather than borrowed from his models. His over a standing, blackish , his sinking , his fuller return and above all his pronounced set him within and apart from the brighter, clearer work the school resembles, for the published sources are frank that compared with there is a tendency for the and to be somewhat weaker, 「来に比しては地刃の弱い嫌いがある」. Within his own line he sits beside Kunitoki, Kunisuke, Kuniyasu and Kuniyoshi, smiths whose work the sources say carries no sharply individual mannerism, so that is read as a group rather than by separate hands; against that even level his best blades are singled out for a refinement above the usual, said to share something in common with the signed by Kuninobu that the published sources name as their touchstone, 「重要文化財指定の国信有銘の太刀」, held in the Mitsui Bunko, the one securely signed monument by which the rest of his hand is measured.

The record is small and held close. None of the blades resolved to him here carries the highest national designations; his standing rests on two pieces raised to and five more to , seven designated works on record in all, a modest but high body for a smith whose extant work the sources call extremely few. Provenance gathers around the finest of them: the raised to passed through the Satake house of Akita and was later treasured by Miyoji, a blade the published sources call an outstanding work decisively attributable to Kuninobu in which a high sense of dignity is felt, more refined and polished than the work usually seen, 「常に見る同派の作に比して、より垢抜けた出来口」. An early is recorded to have once carried a Kochu attributing it to Kunimitsu, a measure of how near the school's homeland-recalling make stood to high Yamashiro work. For a collector the practical reality is plain: these are heritage blades held and seldom moved, the signed prized precisely because so few survive, and an example by Kuninobu coming to hand is among the rarer encounters within the field, met with patience rather than sought at will.

Kantei

A single-manner smith read through registers rather than a dated chronology: one Enju suguha hand carried across a signed-ubu register, whose two-character tachi anchor his form and his signature habits, and an o-suriage mumei register, whose dignified late-Kamakura blades are attributed to him by the elimination of his fellows and by their refinement, the published sources tying the best of them to his signed Important Cultural Property tachi. Beneath both runs the constant Enju ground, the standing itame with jifu and shirake-utsuri, and the constant nijuba.

Kuninobu is counted among Taro Kunimura's leading disciples and a representative smith of the school of , his active period traditionally placed around the Karyaku era at the close of , yet surviving works by his hand are far fewer than those by fellow members such as Kunitoki, Kunisuke, Kuniyasu and Kuniyoshi. The line is held to descend from Yamashiro, Kunimura transmitted as a grandson in the female line of Kuniyuki, and its make stands close to the school; the published sources name the points by which it nonetheless parts from as the school's chief attractions, and Kuninobu carries them all. Over an mixed with and flowing that stands rather than lies flat, dust-fine gathers, fine enter, collects in patches and a whitish rises, the blackish Kyushu ground the school is known for. On it he tempers , broad or middling or narrow, leaning into a shallow with and a touch of in the lower half, and entering, the tight with and inclined to sink, the activity within calmer than 's. His major point of appreciation is the that runs along the edge, a double the published sources call a great midokoro of this school and one especially conspicuous in his work, and his turns back in a full with a shallow or finishes in . His signed cut the -gamae with an ear-shaped right half and a steeply diagonal vertical stroke, a hand the published sources read as Kuninobu's own. His finest blades are praised as more refined and polished than work usually seen, akin to his signed Important Cultural Property in the Mitsui Bunko.

Diagnostic discriminators

44% of his works

the published sources hold a whitish utsuri, standing over an itame with a masame inclination and jifu, to be one of the marks by which Enju parts from the Rai school it otherwise resembles; the steel is the blackish, faintly whitish ground common to Kyushu work

100% of his works

44% of his works

Observation by phase

The prime Enju hand, suguha with nijuba over a standing whitish ground

The standard Kuninobu is . The ground is mixed with and flowing that stands toward , with dust-fine , fine , collecting in patches, and over it the whitish the published sources hold up as one of the school's distinguishing marks. On this he tempers a that runs broad on the blades and middling or narrow on the slender signed , leaning into a shallow with , pointed and a suggestion of gathering in the lower half, and entering well, the tight with and inclined to sink, the activity gentler than 's. Along the edge runs , a double the published sources call a great point of appreciation for this school and one especially clear and long in his work, at times built up from -like dotting the ; and appear, the by turns sinking and bright. The turns back in a full with a shallow or finishes in , with at the tip, occasionally pointed.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The signed, ubu register, the two-character tachi and the kuni-gamae habit

the two-character signature on an ubu tang: a large two-character mei cut with a slender chisel toward the mune above the mekugi-ana on the tachi-omote, on a slender tachi of high koshizori with funbari and a compact chu- or ko-kissaki; the right half within the kuni-gamae is cut in an ear-shaped form shared across the school, and Kuninobu's own hand cuts the vertical stroke inside the enclosure at a steep diagonal

The signed pieces are slender of high with and a compact , or only slightly shortened, the two-character cut large with a slender chisel above the toward the . On them the runs middling or narrow, well covered with , the tight and at its best bright, with and entering at intervals, which the published sources note is a thing not uncommonly seen among smiths of this group. The signature is itself a tool: the ear-shaped right half within the -gamae is shared across , but Kuninobu cuts the vertical stroke inside the enclosure at a marked diagonal, and on one sets the character for slightly to the left of . The published sources prize the survival of an , signed Kuninobu, a rare thing among his few works, all the more when and are sound.

Sugata 姿
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The o-suriage mumei register, the dignified Kuninobu attribution

the o-suriage mumei katana attributed to him: a wide-mihaba, thick-kasane blade of deep wazori curvature and a slightly extended chu-kissaki, an imposing late-Kamakura bearing that the published sources liken to the silhouette of Rai Kunimitsu of the homeland tradition; the attribution to Kuninobu rests on the elimination of his fellows and on a refinement above the usual Enju, akin to his signed Important Cultural Property tachi in the Mitsui Bunko

A portion of the corpus is attributed to Kuninobu by appraisal. These are wide of and thick of , with deep curvature and a slightly extended , a dignified late- bearing the published sources call full of presence and liken to the silhouette of Kunimitsu. The ground is with , well compacted, the thickly adhering and the standing out, the broad with conspicuous along the edge, and the bright and clear. The attribution rests on the elimination of his fellows and on a quality of execution more refined and polished than work usually seen, which the published sources tie to his signed Important Cultural Property . These are the blades they call outstanding works decisively attributable to Kuninobu, a high sense of dignity felt in them.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The biography is the published sources' near-constant formula: the founder Taro Kunimura, transmitted as a grandson in the female line of Rai Kuniyuki of Yamashiro, the school flourishing from the late Kamakura into the Nanbokucho period at Kumafu in Kikuchi District of Higo, with Kuninobu one of Kunimura's leading disciples whose active period is placed around the Karyaku era.

The signature is the scholars' tool for his hand: across the school the right half within the kuni-gamae is cut in an ear-shaped form, while Kuninobu's own habit is to cut the vertical stroke inside the enclosure at a steep diagonal, by which an o-suriage tachi keeping only the single Kuni character can still be affirmed as his.

The published sources are candid about the school's standing relative to its model: Enju work generally shows a Rai-like make, but in comparison with the Rai school there is a tendency for the ji and ha to be somewhat weaker, the comparison that frames every appraisal of the line.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken5

Elite Standing

0.05 across 7 designated works

Top 22% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Kuninobu

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 77% among smiths

Raw score: 1.88 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 7 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 7 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKunimura
Kuninobu

Enju School

Other artisans of the Enju school

  1. 1.Kunimura國村15designated
  2. 2.Kuniyasu國泰17designated
  3. 3.Kunitoki國時1 for sale32designated
  4. 4.Kunisuke國資3 for sale22designated
  5. 5.Kunitoki國時7designated
  6. 6.Kuniyoshi國吉1 for sale22designated
  7. 7.Kunishige國重2designated
  8. 8.Kunishige国重1designated
  9. 9.Koreyoshi是吉1designated
  10. 10.Kunimoto國元1designated
  11. 11.Kuniie國家1designated
  12. 12.Kunitsuna國綱2designated