NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Honors·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiHonorsDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Hoki
  3. Ko-Hoki
  4. Yasutsuna

Hoki Yasutsuna

安綱

Tokujū
Vol. 12, No. 46 · Tachi

Hoki Yasutsuna

安綱

35 ranked works

享保名物帳天下五剣
ProvinceHokiErac. 987–1150PeriodHeianSchoolHokiTraditionWakimonoFujishiroSai-jo saku(Supreme Work)Toko Taikan2,500(top 1%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYAS537
2Kokuhō
5Jūyō Bunkazai
6Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
2Tokubetsu Jūyō19Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Nearly every entry the has published on Yasutsuna of Hoki returns to the anchor: the existence of the Dojigiri Yasutsuna, the sources write, "has further elevated his renown," and within his oeuvre that sword remains the most celebrated of his name. Yasutsuna is the representative smith of Ko-Hoki, the old school of Hoki province, and he stands in the oldest stratum of the curved Japanese sword. The sword registries transmit an active period around the Daido era (806 to 810), but the published record consistently lowers the dating: judging from the surviving work, he reads as a smith of the late period, roughly contemporary with Munechika, and one earlier designation places him around the Eien era (987 to 989). A entry of 1962 fixes his historical position exactly, calling his age the time when the sword was passing from the straight chokuto to the curved , and when that new form had, for the time being, settled into a standard shape. Other entries call him "a renowned master from the earliest phase of true curved swords" and a celebrated master representing the very beginnings of the Japanese sword. Among the Ko-Hoki smiths his signed works survive in comparatively large numbers, so that, almost alone at this depth of antiquity, his hand can be studied from the inscription as well as from the steel.

His keep the classical silhouette of the period. The blade is typically slender, the high with pronounced , and the width narrows toward a small . The sources single out one point of the form again and again: compared with work, the tendency of his blades to incline downward toward the tip is not especially conspicuous, and this restraint of the upper curve is named a distinctive trait of his shaping. A few works run larger, and the of the Satake line is noted as being of bigger, more robust construction than what is commonly encountered from him.

The carries the deepest part of his identity. He forges mixed with and , and the stands out. Thick covers it, and enter, and the steel itself shows a darkish color (黒み) out of which a rises. Over that dark steel he tempers a -laden on a base of shallow and . Within it , and mingle conspicuously, and weave through the , and on many blades the temper is dropped above the in (焼落し). It is this combination that the published sources contrast with old , writing that his workmanship "differs somewhat in feeling from groups such as ." The runs to a small or to , often swept with . Within the school the published record also isolates a personal tell: in the upper half of the the and mix in a somewhat independent form, a point one entry names as the place where Yasutsuna is distinguished even among Ko-Hoki.

The signature is its own field of study. He cut a large two-character on the toward the , and the habit of his chisel is recorded in entry after entry: the character is larger than the character and is set slightly to the right, his signing habit (手癖), one seen in other Ko-Hoki works as well. The benchmark is the Dojigiri itself; of one the sources state that the manner of the signature is "exactly like that of the Dojigiri Yasutsuna," and a Bijutsuhin entry judges another similar to the Dojigiri. surviving with the unaltered are extremely few, and an signed Yasutsuna is counted exceedingly precious in the published record. Beside the prime manner the documents a quieter register. One signed , in which the and recede, is read as an appearance rather close to work and expressly called one style register of the smith; another, in a more subdued dressing, is still betrayed by the abundant vertical workings along the . The unsigned remainder, blades, are accepted on the archaic elegance (古雅) of their and : one carries the of Koon dated 4 (1664), another the of Koyu dated Kanpo 3 (1743), and the handed down in the Maeda house, carrying a thread of Yamato spirit (一脈大和ごころ), has its tradition affirmed.

His manner is, in effect, the definition of Ko-Hoki. The school is read through him: the standing dark , the and the -charged small with its form the axis along which the published sources set Hoki apart from old , and unsigned blades of sufficient age and flavor gather to his name as Yasutsuna. Even the signing habit extends beyond him, since the rightward-set recurs elsewhere in the school. The published record treats him as a single late master, with no division into generations, and so presents him plainly as the first fully formed personality of the curved sword, working at the moment the itself was being settled.

Fujishiro grades him Sai-jo . Thirty-five designated works stand on record. Two are National Treasures and five are Important Cultural Properties, patrimony preserved beyond any market, and six more were certified Bijutsuhin between 1933 and 1941, then in the hands of the Satake, Sakai, Matsudaira and Ikeda houses, of the shrine Tsuboi Hachimangu, and of the Maeda; the Ikeda blade had been shortened in the Bakumatsu period by Sukehira, probably for the wear of the himself. Thirteen of his blades carry recorded provenance, and the roll runs through the men and houses that held the country: Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Tokugawa Ieyasu and Tokugawa Hidetada, the Matsudaira line, the Shimazu, the Imperial Family, and the Satake of Kubota in Dewa, who handed down two of his signed . Of recorded whereabouts today, his blades rest with the Tokyo National Museum, the Sano Art Museum and Ogamiyama Jinja, and one has crossed the sea to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. For the private collector the realistic horizon is the and tiers, twenty-one blades in all, most of them long held; a Yasutsuna of any kind comes to the market only rarely, and a signed example, let alone an one, is among the rarest encounters the field can offer.

Kantei

one prime Ko-Hoki manner with signed and mumei registers, plus a documented quieter suguha register

Yasutsuna of Hoki, smith of the Meibutsu Dojigiri, is the representative of Ko-Hoki and stands in the oldest stratum of the curved Japanese sword. The Meikan legend says Daido, but the work reads as late Heian, in the generation of Sanjo Munechika. His tachi is slender and deeply koshizori with funbari, closing in a small kissaki; the jigane is a standing itame with o-itame and mokume, thick ji-nie, chikei and jifu, a darkish steel and a jifu-utsuri; the hamon a nie-laden ko-midare with ko-gunome and ko-notare, kinsuji and sunagashi, often dropped above the machi in yakiotoshi; the boshi sugu, ko-maru or yakizume, often swept.

Diagnostic discriminators

59% of his works · 2.0× vs Ko-Bizen founders (Tomonari, Masatsune, Kanehira)

unique vs Ko-Bizen founders (Tomonari, Masatsune, Kanehira)

unique vs Ko-Bizen founders (Tomonari, Masatsune, Kanehira)

the benchmark for the signature is the Dojigiri itself

Observation by phase

The Ko-Hoki manner (typical)

A slender tachi, koshizori high with funbari, closing in a small kissaki, the dip toward the tip less marked than in Ko-Bizen. The jigane is itame mixed with o-itame and mokume, standing, with thick ji-nie, chikei, jifu and a jifu-utsuri, the steel color darkish. The hamon is a ko-midare on a shallow suguha-notare base, ko-gunome and ko-choji mixing conspicuously, thick in nie with kinsuji and sunagashi, and on many blades the temper is dropped above the machi. The boshi runs sugu to ko-maru or yakizume, often swept with hakikake.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Mumei: o-suriage, den Yasutsuna
Signed: ubu nakago, large two-character mei

Quiet register: toward Ko-Bizen and hoso-suguha

less firmly established

A minority register the NBTHK flags against his usual work: the ko-gunome and ko-notare recede and a wide or narrow suguha leads. One signed tachi is read as quiet and close to Ko-Bizen work, another as a more subdued hoso-suguha piece whose abundant vertical workings along the habuchi still betray his hand.

Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The Meikan place him in Daido (806 to 810), but the NBTHK consistently lowers the date: the surviving work points to the late Heian period, roughly contemporary with Sanjo Munechika.

The Dojigiri is the benchmark for his signature: one Juyo mei is called exactly like the Dojigiri Yasutsuna, another similar to it.

Honors

享保名物帳Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (Catalog of Celebrated Blades)

Recorded (meibutsu Dōjigiri Yasutsuna)

The Hon'ami family's catalog of celebrated blades (名物) presented to shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in Kyōhō 4 (1719). Records ~274 blades of Heian–Nanbokuchō manufacture (168 extant + ~80 burned + ~26 later additions), grouped by smith with valuations and provenance. This honor tags smiths whose work is recorded in the catalog; the detail field carries per-smith counts where the published tally is exact, or 所載 + named blades where only inclusion is verified.

天下五剣Tenka Goken (Five Swords Under Heaven)

Dōjigiri Yasutsuna (National Treasure, Tokyo National Museum)

Maker of one of the Five Swords Under Heaven (天下五剣): Dōjigiri Yasutsuna, Onimaru Kunitsuna, Mikazuki Munechika, Ōdenta Mitsuyo, and Juzumaru Tsunetsugu. All five blades are individually recorded in the Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō; the five-sword set concept is first attested in the 1828 manuscript Shoka Meikenshū (諸家名剣集). The Juzumaru attribution is disputed between Ko-Aoe Tsunetsugu (traditional/official) and Bizen Sakon-no-Shōgen Tsunetsugu (modern scholarship) — both smiths carry this honor with the dispute documented.

Designations

Kokuhō2
Jūyō Bunkazai5
Jūyō Bijutsuhin6
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken19

Elite Standing

0.87 across 35 designated works

Top 3% among smiths

Provenance

25 documented provenances across certified works by Yasutsuna

Provenance Standing

12 works held in elite collections across 25 documented provenances

Top 5% among smiths

Raw score: 2.95 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 35 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 35 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Yasutsuna
Students (6)
  1. 1.Kunimune國宗6designated
  2. 2.Aritsuna有綱1 for sale5designated
  3. 3.Narichika成近1designated
  4. 4.Sanemori眞守
  5. 5.Tomoyasu友安1designated
  6. 6.Yasuie安家1designated

Hoki School

Other artisans of the Hoki school

  1. 1.Ohara大原16designated
  2. 2.Kunimune國宗6designated
  3. 3.Sadatsuna貞綱19designated
  4. 4.Hiroyoshi廣賀1 for sale6designated
  5. 5.Aritsuna有綱1 for sale5designated
  6. 6.Sanekage眞景4designated
  7. 7.Yasuie安家1designated
  8. 8.Sadanawa貞繩1designated
  9. 9.Sukenaga助長1designated
  10. 10.Tomoyasu友安1designated
  11. 11.Narichika成近1designated
  12. 12.Morihiro守廣1designated