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  1. Schools
  2. Osafune
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  4. Yoshimitsu

Osafune Yoshimitsu

義光

Tokujū
Vol. 23, No. 23 · Tachi

Osafune Yoshimitsu

義光

35 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraKenmu (1334–1338)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolOsafuneTraditionBizen-denGeneration1stTeacherKanemitsuFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan900(top 10%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYOS1565
1Jūyō Bunkazai
2Tokubetsu Jūyō32Jūyō Tōken

Overview

A dated Kōei 2 (1343), eighth month, signed in full no Yoshimitsu, is among the firmest documents of this smith. Yoshimitsu was a swordsmith of the school of the late into the period, by the prevailing tradition a son of Kagemitsu and the younger brother of Kanemitsu, with one account placing the first generation in the Nagamitsu line. His dated works run from Genkō at the close of through Jōji, roughly forty years that almost exactly parallel Kanemitsu, and the sword reference books distinguish a first generation, following his father, from a second that more nearly resembles his brother. Like Kanemitsu he commonly used Northern Court era names, although a dated 6, a Southern Court name, also survives. He belongs to the central workshop at the moment it turned from the classicism of Kagemitsu toward the broad manner of Kanemitsu, and his record is read on the seam between the two.

His recognition turns on a single axis the judges restate on nearly every blade: his is the manner of the Kanemitsu group, but the irregularity is composed in a smaller pattern. Over an that stands a little, often mixed with and , he tempers an angular and -style , with , and pointed elements intermixed, the whole resolving into a small-scale , in places running reversed, with and entering, the -dominant with , and fine and through the line. The and the angular carry over from his father Kagemitsu, while the crowding of many different edge-forms inside the irregularity is named as his own hand. On one signed the published sources put it plainly, that 'compared with his elder brother Kanemitsu the irregularity is of smaller motifs, and the inclusion of pointed elements within the tempered edge is readily perceived as a hallmark of Yoshimitsu' (兄兼光に比して乱れが小模様となり、焼刃に尖り刃を交えるなど義光の見どころが看取される).

The is the constant beneath that edge. The carries , fine enter, and a vivid stands clearly, the bright reflection he shares with the school but renders well-defined; on the tightest-forged pieces the steel packs into and the only sharpens, and one signed mixes a -toned texture into the . His earliest dated stand apart from this prime manner. They are slender, high in with , forged in tight with a or a straight , and tempered not in at all but in a calm with slight , -dominant with , a register the judges read as following Kagemitsu rather than Kanemitsu.

The profile thus divides in three. The early dated , in the Kagemitsu , anchor the chronology, and of the Kōei 2 piece the published sources note that it is 'extremely similar to a Kanemitsu dated Kōei 3, sixth month' (康永三年六月の兼光太刀), an Important Art Object, the two hands documented working side by side. The prime, the and angular in their smaller , is the body of the record. A third, smaller register pushes toward strong in the soden feeling the period prized: a the judges call a deliberate stressing of Sōshū-den, with abundant , , and , and a wide that turns blackish in the steel and adds , of which the published sources write that, weighing the excellence of its and the activity along the edge, it 'shows workmanship of upper-rank soden worthy of Yoshimitsu and his circle' (義光を含む如何にも相伝備前の上作). The first-and-second-generation question is left open across the Genkō-to-Jōji span, and is the central scholarly matter around him.

What sets him apart from his neighbours is exactly what the judges name, and it is drawn from his own work rather than from theirs. Against Kanemitsu his is the smaller and calmer, the cutting edge quieter; against his father Kagemitsu his prime carries more and the -touched activity of his late hand. On one the published commentary records that, the and at first suggesting the circle around Kanemitsu, it is precisely because 'the irregularity, set against Kanemitsu's broad openness, presents somewhat smaller-scale features that the blade is to be judged Yoshimitsu' (乱れが兼光の大らかさに比べてやや小模様を呈しているところに義光と鑑すべきものがある), and on a that 'the way many different edge-forms intermix within the irregularity displays the character of Yoshimitsu' (乱れの中に多種の刃が交じるところに義光の特色が表示されており). He stands as the quieter, more closely worked hand of the great mid- workshop, the brother who held to the small-patterned while Kanemitsu opened the line outward.

For the collector he is a documented but uncommon name. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through an Important Cultural Property, two and some thirty-two blades, and signed work is genuinely scarce, only about a dozen of the surviving pieces bearing a signature against a far larger body of . The Important Cultural Property, a signed and dated , is preserved at Kameoka Hachiman-gū in Miyagi. The named provenance of his blades is : the Kōei 2 passed from Tokugawa Yorinobu of Kishū to the Saijō Matsudaira house in 1667 and stayed there; a Kenmu-era signed was held near Torigoe Shrine in Asakusa and is said to have been a wearing sword of the shogun Ienari. With only a couple of blades in the tier and the rest at , a signed and dated Yoshimitsu reaches the market only seldom, and a privately held example, especially an dated , is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how the Kanemitsu line was carried in a quieter key.

Kantei

one Osafune hand read on a single axis the judges restate constantly: the Kanemitsu-group manner rendered in a smaller pattern, decomposed into an early Kagemitsu-style suguha tachi phase, a prime kataochi and angular-gunome small-midare phase, and a strong-nie soden Bizen register

Yoshimitsu is a smith of the late to period, by the prevailing tradition a son of Kagemitsu and the younger brother of Kanemitsu, his dated works running from Genko at the close of through Joji, roughly forty years that almost exactly parallel Kanemitsu. His recognition is read off a single axis the published sources state again and again: his work shows the manner of the Kanemitsu group, but the is rendered in a smaller pattern. Over an ground, well-packed at times into , with , fine and a vivid , he tempers an angular mixed with -style , and pointed elements, the irregularity resolving into a small-scale , in places , with and , , fine and . His earliest dated are slender, high in , forged in tight with and tempered in a calm that follows his father Kagemitsu, one Koei 2 judged extremely close to a dated Kanemitsu; his later pieces incline to the strong-, -touched register the sources call soden . Signed and dated work survives in only a handful of examples, so the great body of his record is judged to him from era, school and that smaller-patterned .

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Kanemitsu (the elder brother, broader midare)

Observation by phase

Early dated tachi in the Kagemitsu manner (suguha)

His earliest dated work, from late into the opening of , is a slender , high in with and concluding in a ko- or , the shape stately for so narrow a body. The ground is a tightly packed with , fine entering, and a or straight standing out. Over it he tempers a calm with slight , -dominant with , the workmanship grounded in and following his father Kagemitsu. The published sources single out the Koei 2 as extremely close in shape, and to a Kanemitsu dated Koei 3, a documented kinship between the two hands; they call the early manner closer to Kagemitsu than to Kanemitsu. These signed pieces, and dated, are the documentary anchor of the smith.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Prime: kataochi and angular gunome in a small-pattern midare (Kanemitsu manner)

The body of his record, and the manner that names him, is a in the Kanemitsu register but composed in a smaller pattern. Over an ground that stands a little, often mixed with and , with , fine and a vivid , he tempers an angular and -style mixed with , and pointed elements, the whole resolving into a small-scale , in places , with and , -dominant with , fine running through and entering. The published sources make this the deciding feature on the : the and first suggest the circle around Kanemitsu, but because the is of smaller motifs and the cutting edge calm, the attribution to Yoshimitsu is the appropriate one. The and the angular elements carry over from his father Kagemitsu, while the variety of edge-forms intermixed within the irregularity is named as his own character.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Strong-nie soden Bizen register

less firmly established

A further face of his work emphasizes in the manner of soden . On a the is abundant and enter, the carries and small well covered in , with , and , the running into and a finish, a piece the published sources call a deliberate stressing of -. On a wide with a attribution the register turns blackish in the steel and adds , the laid on strongly and the activity within and along the edge vigorous, judged upper-rank soden worthy of Yoshimitsu and his circle, a grand-scale work. The register is a minority among his blades, but it shows that the smaller-patterned could be pushed toward the -laden feeling the period prized.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources treat the existence of a first and second generation as the central question: dated works span Genko through Joji, and the sword reference books distinguish pieces up through Bunna as the first generation and those from Enbun onward as the second, the first following Kagemitsu and the second resembling Kanemitsu. They also note that, although he generally used Northern Court era names like Kanemitsu, surviving works include a tanto dated by a Southern Court name (Kokoku 6, equivalent to Jowa 1).

On the o-suriage mumei katana the judges affirm Bizen Osafune of the Kanemitsu group, but make the deciding feature the scale of the irregularity: the sugata and jiba first suggest the circle around Kanemitsu, yet because the midare is of smaller motifs and the cutting edge calm, the attribution to Yoshimitsu is the appropriate one. Within the irregularity the intermixing of many edge-forms is named as the smith's own character.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken32

Elite Standing

0.19 across 35 designated works

Top 12% among smiths

Provenance

8 documented provenances across certified works by Yoshimitsu

Provenance Standing

4 works held in elite collections across 8 documented provenances

Top 17% among smiths

Raw score: 2.17 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 35 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 35 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKanemitsu
Yoshimitsu
Students (6)
  1. 1.Kagemitsu景光1 for sale146designated
  2. 2.Kanemitsu兼光4 for sale237designated
  3. 3.Yoshikage義景3 for sale67designated
  4. 4.Shigemitsu重光2designated
  5. 5.Yoshikiyo義清2designated
  6. 6.Yoshimitsu義光

Osafune School

Other artisans of the Osafune school

  1. 1.Mitsutada光忠61designated
  2. 2.Nagamitsu長光2 for sale253designated
  3. 3.Kagemitsu景光1 for sale146designated
  4. 4.Kanemitsu兼光4 for sale237designated
  5. 5.Sanenaga眞長64designated
  6. 6.Chikakage近景4 for sale86designated
  7. 7.Tomomitsu倫光1 for sale64designated
  8. 8.Kagemasa景政2 for sale22designated
  9. 9.Masamitsu政光4 for sale84designated
  10. 10.Motomitsu基光3 for sale41designated
  11. 11.Kagehide景秀23designated
  12. 12.Shigezane重眞1 for sale45designated