NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Hojoji
  3. Kunimitsu

Hojoji Kunimitsu

國光

Tokujū
Vol. 15, No. 29 · Tantō

Hojoji Kunimitsu

國光

23 ranked works

ProvinceTajimaEraTeiwa (1345–1350)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolHojojiTraditionSoshu-denGeneration1stFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan700(top 17%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKUN550
2Jūyō Bunkazai
3Jūyō Bijutsuhin
5Tokubetsu Jūyō13Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Hojoji is a place name in Tajima province, and the published sources open the record with that fact: because "the master of the , Kunimitsu" (薙刀の名手国光) lived at that spot in the period, the smith himself came to be called Hojoji, the man and the place one name. The lists a first generation working in the Joji era (1362-68) and a second at Oei, and records work dated Joji. Yet his fame rests on a paradox the published sources state outright: not one signed or survives. The signed work is exceedingly scarce, confined to and , and the and the conversions from that carry his name are without exception attributions, so that his celebrated manner exists almost entirely as a headed by his name.

For the works the states its formula in text after text, in two steps. The blades temper a flamboyant "mistakable at first sight for " (一見、備前一文字に見紛うほどのもの); the name is then settled against by "a workmanship in which the of and is markedly stronger, enters the large-patterned forging, which stands out vigorously, and and are worked incessantly through the " (地刃の沸が一段と強く、大模様の鍛えに地景が入り、さかんに肌立ち、刃中に金筋・砂流し等を頻りにあしらった作域). The blades keep the build of the long , wide and with little difference between and , the pared away in conversion so the runs thin, with a large . The mixes in , and enter richly, the is deep and the thick, and on the boldest pieces and join in. The runs with strong and ends , which the published sources explain as a trace of the remaking, "because the was filed down in later times" (後世に棟を磨つたが為である).

The beneath that temper carries the rest of the appraisal. It is mixed with and flowing , standing out in a large pattern, with thick and woven in, and a rises, vivid on some blades and faint on more. The faintness is itself a tell: of a that at first sight could pass among work, one text writes that "the points to look for in Tanshu Hojoji lie in the with its well-covered and the weakness of the , and in the with its well-applied " (地沸のよくついた地鉄で映りの弱い点、小沸のよくついた刃文などに但州法城寺の見どころがある). Another locates the division from in the -based of mixed with , and "further in the violence of the ". A quieter strand of the works a shallow notare base with and mixed in, and the published record admits a -based hand as well, its tight and its unobtrusive.

The signed work stands apart, and the published sources restate the distance with every signed blade: the quiet show "a gap in manner from the attributions" (無銘極めのものとはその作風に隔たりが見られる). These are with , on with a shallow , normally bearing the five-character Tanshu-ju Kunimitsu (但州住国光) cut large with a thick chisel below the ; one instead bears a two-character Kunimitsu on the , perhaps for wear as a mete-zashi, a placement the text calls "exceedingly unusual" (極めて珍しい). None of the extant signed blades tempers the flamboyant . They divide instead between a quiet hand, with slight , niju-ba and sanju-ba above the and a rising over steel of darkish color, and a hand with , the strong and coarse, sweeping through, the sinking. and appear on several. Yet the two bodies of work are sewn together from inside: reading the Akimoto closely, the finds in the rough, large-patterned standing forging, the conspicuous activity of and , and the sinking something "running in one vein into the manner of the attributions" (一脈、無銘極めの出来口と相通じるものがある).

His place in the genealogies is a legend the reports only to reject. The old books count Tanshu Kunimitsu among the three great pupils of Sadamune (相州貞宗の三哲の一人), and the texts answer in turn that "there are many doubts about this, and it cannot readily be assented to" (多くの疑問があり、俄かに賛成出来ない), that the claim "wants plausibility" (妥当を欠く), that it is "unwarranted to begin with" (もとより不当である); one of them concludes that "the influence of work is rather the stronger" (むしろ備前物の影響が強い). The generations are left as the record gives them: "the lists a first and a second generation for Kunimitsu, placing the first at Joji and the second at Oei". Of four judged at one sitting, Honma Junji writes in the Bijutsuhin record that they read "at a glance as wholly the hand, the first-generation Tanshu Kunimitsu" (一見全く同作と鑑せられるもので、初代但州国光である), adding that he had seen a mere two blades of this temper he would give to the second generation. The Honami line vouched for the blades across centuries, with attribution inscriptions, never signatures: a Bijutsuhin carries a gold-inlay attribution by Honami Koon, a a four-character gold-inlay judged the hand of Honami Mitsutada, and another keeps a red-lacquer Tanshu Kunimitsu attribution on the of its .

He is Jo-jo in Fujishiro's grading, and twenty-three designated works stand on record: two Important Cultural Properties, five , thirteen and three Bijutsuhin, eighteen blades in the and tiers together, and five signed pieces in all. Six blades carry recorded provenance, and it runs high. The Akimoto appears in the Kozan annotated for Lord Tokumatsu, the infant heir of the fifth shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, and after the boy's early death was granted by Tsunayoshi in 1698 to Akimoto Takatomo, descending in the Akimoto house of Tatebayashi. The of session 25 was owned by the tea master Kobori Enshu before passing to the Maeda house of , its old scabbard recording a polish by Honami Mitsusa in Bunkyu 2, and another Maeda keeps a scabbard inscribed Hojoji by Honami Shosaburo. Of recorded whereabouts today, blades are held at Izushi Jinja in Tajima, the Otaki Castle Museum and the Kurokawa Research Institute. The two Important Cultural Properties are patrimony, preserved outside the market; what a collector may realistically encounter is the and tier, conversions above all, and even these appear only from time to time, while a signed is among the rarest encounters the school affords.

Kantei

two registers as the NBTHK itself draws them in nearly every setsumei: the mumei kiwame register (naginata and naginata-naoshi conversions, the flamboyant Ichimonji-like choji-midare with strong nie) and the signed register (tanto and hira-zukuri wakizashi only, suguha or ko-notare with gunome, subdued nioiguchi); the texts bridge the two through the shared standing large-pattern forging, the nie, and the sunken nioiguchi, and leave the first-and-second-generation question as the Meikan states it

Hojoji Kunimitsu, called Tanshu Kunimitsu, is the master of Tajima province: Hojoji is a place name there, and because the famed smith Kunimitsu lived at that spot, his very name and the school's became one. The lists a first generation at Joji (1362-68) and a second at Oei, and the old tradition counting him among the three great pupils of Sadamune is one the consistently doubts, reading a strong influence instead. His work splits cleanly in two: the famous attribution register, and conversions tempered in a flamboyant so close to that the texts say the two are mistakable at first sight, told apart by the markedly stronger of and , the large-pattern standing and flowing forging with , and the and crowding the ; and the exceedingly rare signed works, confined to and , which temper quiet or with instead, a gap in manner the texts restate with every signed blade.

Diagnostic discriminators

the NBTHK's own kantei formula, stated in 10 of 27 setsumei: the mumei works mimic Ichimonji and are then told apart by the nie. Among the three Kunimitsu the choji axis alone settles the name: choji-midare stands on 41% of his corpus against 1% for Rai Kunimitsu and 0% for Shintogo

67% of his works · 7.4× vs Rai Kunimitsu

59% of his works · 1.5× vs Fukuoka Ichimonji Yoshihira

19% of his works · 0.2× vs Fukuoka Ichimonji Yoshihira

Observation by phase

The mumei kiwame register: flamboyant choji on naginata and naginata-naoshi

the naginata work-type: 19 of 27 setsumei are this register, and all but one (a rare hon-zukuri katana with a kinzogan attribution) are naginata or blades converted from naginata; no signed naginata survives, so the manner exists only as the school attribution

The register of his fame: long, wide with little difference between and , the pared in conversion so the runs thin, with a large . The mixes and flowing , stands out in a large pattern, with thick and , and a rises, vivid on some blades and faint on others. The temper is a flamboyant with , and entering richly, deep and thick , falling incessantly with , and on the boldest pieces and . The runs with strong and ends , which the texts note is largely because the was ground down when the were remade. A quieter strand of the register tempers a shallow or base with and mixed in, and one shows the -based variant, its tight and the unobtrusive, which the text itself admits as a hand of his.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The signed register: rare tanto and hira-zukuri wakizashi

the signature itself: signed work is confined to tanto and hira-zukuri wakizashi, normally with the five-character mei Tanshu-ju Kunimitsu cut large with a thick chisel below the mekugi-ana; a single two-character Kunimitsu, cut on the ura as if for wear on the right, is recorded as exceedingly rare

The reference works: with , with a shallow . The forging is the metal as the register, with moku and standing out in a large pattern, entering, but here a rises and the steel carries a darkish cast. None of the extant signed blades tempers the flamboyant : they divide between a quiet hand, or with slight , niju-ba and sanju-ba working above the , the tight with , and a hand with , strong and thick with coarse , sweeping through, the sinking. The is with a return, often run long down the . and appear on several. The texts restate the gap from the with every signed piece, then add that the standing large-pattern forging, the rich activity of and , and the sunken run through both hands as one vein.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
The suguha hand (the Enshu and Maeda tanto)— hoso-suguha and chu-suguha tanto with niju-ba and sanju-ba, shirake-utsuri and a tight nioiguchi; both Tokuju examples of this hand carry Kaga Maeda provenance
The ko-notare and gunome hand (the Akimoto tanto)— ko-notare with gunome, nie strong and coarse, sunagashi rampant, the nioiguchi sinking; the texts call the look untamed and find in it the bridge to the mumei kiwame
Scholarship

The santetsu question is his standing scholarly note: the old tradition makes Tanshu Kunimitsu one of the three great pupils of Soshu Sadamune, and the NBTHK rebuts it in text after text, with many doubts and no ready assent, judging it wanting and unwarranted, one setsumei adding that the Bizen influence is rather the stronger.

The generations are reported as the Meikan gives them: a first generation at Joji (1362-68), a second at Oei, the standard opening of the modern texts; an early Juyo setsumei stretches the count to two or even three generations of the same name, and the Meikan records Joji-dated work.

The signed-versus-mumei gap is the school's central attribution problem, restated with every signed blade: signed work is exceedingly scarce, confined to tanto and hira-zukuri wakizashi, and shows quiet suguha and ko-notare manners while the flamboyant choji exists only in mumei attributions, so that the texts say outright that a gap in manner lies between the signed and the attributed work.

Honma's Jubi commentary anchors the mumei register from the connoisseur's side: of four naginata-naoshi judged at one sitting he writes that at a glance they read as wholly the same hand, the first-generation Tanshu Kunimitsu, adding that this temper is nearly absent from the signed work and that he had seen a mere two blades of it he would assign to the second generation.

A Juyo tanto of session 49 is the mei rarity of the corpus: where the rule is the five-character Tanshu-ju Kunimitsu, it bears a two-character Kunimitsu cut with a thick chisel on the ura, perhaps for wear as a mete-zashi, a placement the text calls exceedingly unusual.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin3
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō5
Jūyō Tōken13

Elite Standing

0.58 across 23 designated works

Top 5% among smiths

Provenance

9 documented provenances across certified works by Kunimitsu

Provenance Standing

4 works held in elite collections across 9 documented provenances

Top 21% among smiths

Raw score: 2.08 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 23 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 23 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Kunimitsu
Students (2)
  1. 1.Masahiro正弘2 for sale27designated
  2. 2.Kunimitsu國光

Hojoji School

Other artisans of the Hojoji school

  1. 1.Masahiro正弘2 for sale27designated
  2. 2.Sadakuni貞國8designated
  3. 3.Yoshitsugu吉次1 for sale6designated
  4. 4.Masateru正照5designated
  5. 5.Nagakuni永國1 for sale4designated
  6. 6.Kunimasa國正4designated
  7. 7.Masahiro正弘1 for sale1designated
  8. 8.Sadakuni貞國1designated
  9. 9.Kuniteru國照2designated
  10. 10.Hojoji Hashi Masanori正則1 for sale2designated