Iesuke is a smith of the line whose dated run across the Ōei era of the early period, and whom the published sources name, beside Morimitsu, Yasumitsu and Tsuneie, as one of the representative swordsmiths of Ōei-. The earliest dated work on record is a quiet of Ōei 3 (1396); the bolder pieces commonly seen carry dates from the teens and twenties of the era, one signed of Ōei 19 reaching Tokubetsu Jūyō. His name and his line are themselves a problem the sources set out plainly. The reference works trace a first generation to a son of Hatakeda Moriie about the Bun'ei era, yet among examined blades none predate the Nanbokuchō, the oldest read as Bunwa-era work; the surviving generations are therefore taken as one continuous Hatakeda hand rather than separated with confidence, the question of whether the early Ōei 3 tachi is a predecessor or an early work of the same man left open for further study.
His characteristic hand is the Ōei-Bizenmidare. Over an itame that tends overall to stand a little, mixed in places with ko-itame, mokume and flowing nagare-hada, the steel carries ji-nie and chikei, and across it rises a bō-utsuri or a clear midare-utsuri, the bar-like reflection the published sources single out as one mark of Ōei-Bizen. The temper is a gunome that opens broadly at the valley, the koshi-birakigunome the sources name as common to the Ōei masters, mixed with chōji, ko-chōji and pointed togariba, at times a small notare. Ashi and yō enter frequently, the construction is nioi-based with a ko-nie feeling, and in the lower half sunagashi and kinsuji run through the temper. The bōshi turns back in a midare-komi with a pointed feeling, sometimes a ko-maru, now and then with tobiyaki toward the point.
The jigane is the feature by which the judges set him a step apart from the leading Ōei names. They find his forging tending a touch more toward standing grain and his nioiguchi a touch tighter, at times a little subdued, yet they grant that in technical terms his best blades are "in no way inferior"2 to Morimitsu and Yasumitsu. The ji of his finest pieces is well-refined and moist, with ji-nie, chikei and midare-utsuri, and the work within the temper is its real strength; of the Tokubetsu Jūyōtachi the published commentary writes that "the activity within the temper of this tachi is especially splendid."3 Devotional and practical carving recur in the form of bō-hi, with tsure-hi or soe-hi on the shortened attributions and bonji cut into the shinogi-ji of one signed uchigatana.
The published sources draw his work into two registers explicitly. Beside the typical Ōei-Bizenmidare they set "a somewhat calmer, suguha-toned hamon,"4 a chū-suguha mixed with ko-gunome over a tightened, flowing itame with ji-nie, chikei and a faint utsuri, the nioiguchi tight with nie and sunagashi, the bōshi straight to a ko-maru with hakikake at the tip. His surviving blades divide between the ubu, signed and dated tachi and the ō-suriagemumeikatana later attributed to him, several of which had passed under other names before being read by period and manner as his late-Nanbokuchō-to-Ōei work; one such blade, once appraised as Sanemori, was returned to him.
What sets the Hatakeda Iesuke apart is exactly what the judges name. His koshi-birakigunome and bō-utsuri mark his typical midare as Ōei-Bizen rather than mid-Kamakura work, and his standing itame and tightened, subdued nioiguchi set him beside Morimitsu and Yasumitsu yet a little apart from them; the published sources liken one of his finest dated katana to Osafune Masamitsu5 in its standing itame, mottled ji and shallow ko-notare mixed with open-valley gunome. He stands at the Kozori periphery of late Osafune, and the sources judge that, although his name is less widely known than the leading Ōei smiths', works such as his best tachi show he "deserves to be evaluated more highly."6
For the collector he is a documentary name rather than a household one. Fujishiro grades him Chū-jō saku. He has no National Treasures; his record reaches instead the Important Cultural Property rank, with two signed, dated tachi designated, and the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers above the wider research record. His blades are preserved in collections grounded in their own provenance, the Ōei 19 tachi held by the Hayashibara Museum of Art and transmitted through the Kaga Maeda house, one Important Cultural Property at Kasuga Taisha, and a shortened katana that was the battlefield sword of Ikeda Katsunyū before later owners had it cut down. Only a small number fall in the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers, and these are largely held rather than traded, so a signed and dated Hatakeda Iesuke comes to market only seldom and from time to time; the published sources call such a blade "of high value as reference material,"7 a well-forged document of how Bizen forging carried itself into the Ōei revival.
Kantei
one Hatakeda-line hand read in two registers: the typical Oei-Bizen midare (koshi-biraki gunome with choji over a standing itame, with bo-utsuri or midare-utsuri and a midare-komi pointed boshi), set against a quieter chu-suguha register; the dating of the name across the Nanbokucho-to-Oei span is the standing scholarly question
Iesuke is a BizenOsafune smith whose surviving record runs from the late Nanbokucho period through the Oei era, and whom the published sources name, beside Morimitsu, Yasumitsu and Tsuneie, as one of the representative hands of Oei-Bizen. The Meikan traces the name to a first generation said to be a son of Hatakeda Moriie about the Bunei era, but among examined works none predate the Nanbokucho, the oldest being read as Bunwa-era work and the common ones bearing Oei dates, so the published sources treat the surviving generations as one continuous Hatakeda-line hand rather than separating them with confidence. His work divides into two registers the sources draw explicitly. The typical one is the Oei-Bizenmidare: over an itame that tends to stand a little (hada-dachi), with a bo-utsuri or a clear midare-utsuri, he tempers a koshi-birakigunome mixed with choji and pointed-ha, ashi and yo entering well, nioi-based with ko-nie, sunagashi and kinsuji in the lower half, the boshi a midare-komi turning back with a pointed feeling. The second is quieter, a chu-suguha toned temper with ko-gunome and a calm nioiguchi. The sources rank his finest pieces beside Morimitsu and Yasumitsu, finding his forging a touch more standing and his nioiguchi a touch tighter and more subdued, yet technically in no way inferior, and they hold his ubu, signed and dated tachi to be of high value as reference material for Oei-Bizen.
Diagnostic discriminators
腰開き互の目koshi-hiraki-gunome3
unique vs the mid-Kamakura Osafune mainstream (no open-valley gunome)
棒映りbo-utsuri2
肌立ちhada-tachi3
30% of his works · 3.0× vs Morimitsu / Yasumitsu (tighter, more refined ji)
Observation by phase
The Oei-Bizen midare (his typical work)
His representative work is the Oei-Bizenmidare. The shape is a shinogi-zukuritachi or uchigatana with iori-mune, often wide in body with a thick kasane and an imposing presence, the curvature becoming sakizori with a chu-kissaki, while one ubu signed tachi keeps a higher koshizori with funbari. Over an itame, at times mixed with ko-itame, mokume and flowing nagare-hada, the steel tends overall toward standing grain (hada-dachi), carrying ji-nie and chikei, and a bo-utsuri or a clear midare-utsuri rising in the ji. The temper is a koshi-birakigunome mixed with choji, ko-choji and pointed-ha, at times a small notare, ashi and yo entering frequently, nioi-based (nioi-deki) with a ko-nie feeling, sunagashi and kinsuji running in the lower half, the nioiguchi tightening and at times a little subdued. The boshi is a midare-komi turning back with a pointed feeling, sometimes a ko-maru, sometimes with tobiyaki at the point. He carves bo-hi, on the suriage attributions tsure-hi or soe-hi. The published sources call this the manner shared by the Oei-Bizen masters, naming the koshi-birakigunome, the bo-utsuri and the pointed midare-komiboshi as the common Oei-Bizen tells, and read the hataraki within the temper of his best blades as especially splendid.
A second and quieter register sets him beside the suguha hand the school also kept. On an itame that tightens and flows, with ji-nie, chikei and a faint utsuri, he tempers a chu-suguha mixed with ko-gunome and at times ko-midare and choji, with ashi and yo, the nioiguchi tight with nie and sunagashi, the boshi running straight into a ko-maru with hakikake at the tip. The published sources name this as one of his two manners, a calmer suguha-toned line that he sets against the typical Oei-Bizenmidare, and on his finest such tachi they praise the well-refined forging, the moist, lustrous ji and the activity carried by ashi and yo, calling it a clear expression of the Oei-Bizen character.
On the question of generations and date, the published sources record that the Meikan gives a first-generation Iesuke as a son of Hatakeda Moriie about the Bunei era, but that no examined work predates the Nanbokucho. The oldest are read as Bunwa-era work; one Oei 3 tachi, restrained in a Ko-Bizen-like quiet manner, is set against the deeper, more undulating Oei-teens-and-twenties midare common to the smith, and whether it is an earlier generation or an early work of the same hand is left as a matter for research.3
The published sources liken his finest dated katana to Osafune Masamitsu, finding in its standing itame with mottled ji, ji-nie and chikei, midare-utsuri, and shallow ko-notare mixed with small gunome, pointed-ha and open-valley gunome the period character common to late-Nanbokucho Osafune, and note that an o-suriage mumei blade once appraised as Sanemori is rightly read as his late-Nanbokucho-to-early-Muromachi work.1
Dated Works
Years he was demonstrably active, proven by signed-and-dated blades
Active period
1396–1412Editorial estimate: 1394–1428
2 of 7 designated works carry a date
13901420
1396
応永三年Juyo session 26, item 211
1412
応永十九年Tokubetsu Juyo session 4, item 36
Historical importance
Where Iesuke stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
Muromachi (Ōei)
有数
Major
All nihontōBizenKotō
著名
Notable
Select a lens to see how it's measured.
Designations
Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken8
Elite Standing
0.15 across 11 designated works
Top 14% among smiths
Provenance
4 documented provenances across certified works by Iesuke
Imperial—
Shogunal—
▸Premier Daimyō1
▸Major Daimyō1
▸Other Daimyō2
Zaibatsu—
Institutions—
Named Collectors—
Provenance Standing
2 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances