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Chogi Yoshikage

義景

Tokujū
Vol. 21, No. 24 · Katana

Chogi Yoshikage

義景

67 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraKenmu (1334–1338)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolOsafune>ChogiTraditionBizen-denGeneration1stFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan1,200(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYOS1478
2Jūyō Bunkazai
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
3Tokubetsu Jūyō60Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Two of Yoshikage's signed blades carry a date, one to Enbun 2 (1357) and one to 7 (1374), and on these few inscribed pieces the whole of his record rests. He is a smith of the period, counted among the makers the published sources call Sōden-Bizen (相伝備前), the hands who worked the -influenced manner in beside the lines of Kanemitsu and Nagayoshi. His lineage has long been argued. The older books made him a second son of Kagemitsu, or a pupil of Kanemitsu, or a pupil of Nagayoshi; in recent years, on the close resemblance of his workmanship and the distinctive way he cut his signature with the reverse chisel, the prevailing view is that he was "a collateral smith of the as Chikakage and Morikage" (近景や盛景らと同族の長船傍系の刀工ではないか). The sword registers transmit two generations, a first toward the end of and a second around Jōji, and authentic signed works are so scarce that the two are not easily separated.

The hand the published sources describe is a small-patterned, varied rather than the orthodox clove-flower. Over the he tempers a base into which he mixes , , angular -ba and pointed , the elements kept small and the intervals of the undulation tight, so that the line reads as densely animated yet modest in pattern. Within it run abundant , and , the temper -dominant with that gathers somewhat in clusters, with and worked through and a slight -like intermingled. The tends to subside, and it is exactly there that the judges locate him: in the Sōden-Bizen group, the published sources hold, "where the keeps to small clusters and the subsides lies the point that marks out Yoshikage" (匂口が沈むものに義景の見どころがあり). The runs with a pointed tendency and , on one turning at the tip in a pointed manner that the commentary names as conspicuously his own.

The is the constant beneath that quiet temper. It is an mixed with that tends to stand, a into which fine settles densely, enters well, and a -toned texture appears in places, with a standing in the surface. On the broadest blades the is laid , dust-fine and thick, and the runs strong. This strongly -laden forging, with its frequent and , is what the prewar connoisseurs read when they placed him without hesitation among the Sōshū-den smiths, and what the modern judges mean when they say a blade "manifests the working range of Sōden-Bizen."

His recognized prime is the broad blade in the height-of-period shape: wide in body with little taper from base to tip, the often notably thick, ending in a large point, and surviving for the most part and . Against this stand the rare signed pieces, which skew quieter: one is essentially , subdued in workmanship, that the published sources keep precisely because authentic signatures are so few and it is valuable as reference. A separate register is the , blades reshaped from the polearm, for the published sources call him "an old master of the " (古来薙刀の上手) and a large share of his attributions take that form, wide-bodied and shallow in , the planed down, sometimes keeping traces of the and on the tang. The two dated signatures, of Enbun and , fix this varied output securely in the mid-to-late .

What separates Yoshikage from his neighbours is what the judges name on his own blades. Within Sōden-Bizen his temper is read as "neither Kanemitsu's nor Nagayoshi's" (兼光でもなく、長義でもなく): smaller in pattern than the orthodox , more subdued in the than the showier Chōgi hand, and laid over a that carries a step more and than the Kanemitsu work. His signature, cut with the reverse chisel, is read in the breath as his , the commentary treating "the distinctive signature cut with the reverse chisel" (逆鏨にきる特色ある銘振り) as one of the marks that fixes both his hand and his kinship to the collateral line. He stands, in short, as the quiet, -laden member of the Sōden-Bizen circle, the one whose interest lies in restraint rather than in flame.

For the collector Yoshikage is a scarce name on which little can ever change hands. Fujishiro grades him Jō . He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through two Important Cultural Properties, one a signed dated 7 held at Tanzan Shrine in Nara, the other a signed , together with three and some sixty blades, and the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin. Of recorded whereabouts his blades pass through long-held hands rather than the open market: a once in the Date family, another transmitted in the Arisugawa-no-miya house, a whose tang bears the gold-inlaid possession inscription of Ōkubo Shirōzaemon-no-jō. The published commentary singles out his finest as "foremost among works by the hand" (同工中の屈指). With reliably signed pieces extremely few and most survivors and , a Yoshikage in private hands comes to light only from time to time, and seldom near the top of his range; when one does, it is a quiet document of how the manner was carried into late .

Kantei

one Sōden-Bizen hand read across three faces: the broad ō-suriage mumei prime of small-patterned varied midare on a suguha base over a standing itame; the rare signed tachi that anchor the attribution, several quieter in a suguha-chō; and the naginata-naoshi register, the form for which the published sources call him an old master

Yoshikage is a Nanbokuchō Bizen Osafune smith counted among the Sōden-Bizen makers, the Osafune masters who carried the Sōshū-influenced manner into Bizen alongside the Kanemitsu and Nagayoshi lines. The published sources record old theories that made him a pupil of Kanemitsu or of Nagayoshi, and a more recent and now prevailing view that, from the close resemblance of his workmanship and his distinctive signature cut with the reverse chisel, he was a collateral Osafune smith of the same kin as Chikakage and Morikage. His recognized work is the broad, robust Nanbokuchō blade with little taper and a large point, most often surviving ō-suriage and mumei, over an itame mixed with mokume that tends to stand, with ji-nie, chikei and a midare-utsuri. Over that jigane he tempers not the full clove-flower of the orthodox Osafune line but a small-patterned varied midare on a suguha base, mixing ko-gunome, ko-chōji, angular and pointed elements, with abundant ashi and yō, ko-nie, kinsuji and sunagashi, the nioiguchi inclined to subside. The bōshi runs midare-komi with a pointed tendency and hakikake. The published sources call him an old master of the naginata, and many of his attributions are naginata-naoshi. Signed pieces are extremely few; the line is transmitted in two generations, working from the end of Kamakura into the late Nanbokuchō.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs orthodox Nanbokuchō Osafune main line (large-pattern chōji-midare)

unique vs the bright, showy Sōden-Bizen of the Chōgi line

unique vs the Osafune main line signatures

Observation by phase

The broad Sōden-Bizen blade (his recognized prime, mostly ō-suriage mumei)

His recognized prime is the broad Nanbokuchō blade in the height-of-period shape: wide in body with little difference between base and tip width, the kasane often notably thick, a large point, surviving for the most part ō-suriage and mumei. The forging is an itame mixed with mokume that tends toward hada-dachi, with fine ji-nie laid densely, chikei entering well, a jifu-toned texture in places, and a midare-utsuri standing in the ji. Over it the temper is the tell of his hand: not the orthodox Osafune clove-flower but a small-patterned varied midare on a suguha base, mixing ko-gunome, ko-chōji, angular and pointed elements, overall containing ashi, saka-ashi and yō, nioi-dominant with ko-nie gathering somewhat in clusters, with kinsuji and sunagashi and a slight yubashiri-like tobiyaki, the nioiguchi inclined to subside. The bōshi runs midare-komi with a pointed tendency and hakikake. The published sources affirm the attribution against the Nanbokuchō Osafune main line, holding that the small-patterned yet richly varied temper, the strong ko-nie and the internal activity manifest the working range of Sōden-Bizen.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The rare signed pieces (the anchor of the attribution; several quieter in suguha-chō)

the signed register skews quieter: one signed Jūyō tachi is essentially suguha-chō, the broad mumei attributions carry the fuller small-patterned midare

Reliably signed works are extremely few, whether tachi or tantō, and they anchor every mumei attribution. They carry the long signature toward the mune near the nakago-jiri, cut with the distinctive reverse chisel that the published sources treat as one of his identifying marks. Several are deliberately quieter than the broad prime: one Jūyō tachi is essentially suguha-chō with only a slight admixture of small undulation near the monouchi, the nioiguchi subdued with fine ko-nie and small ashi, which the published sources call subdued in workmanship yet sound and valuable as reference. Another signed tachi shows ko-notare mixed with gunome-midare, ko-ashi, ko-nie and sunagashi, the bōshi yakizume-like and pointed. The kinzogan-mei katana, attributed by an inset gold signature, shows the itame tightening with a midare-utsuri and a varied small midare, the bōshi thrusting up to a pointed turnback. Two examples are dated, to Enbun 2 (1357) and Ōan 7 (1374), placing him securely in the mid-to-late Nanbokuchō.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The naginata-naoshi register (the form the published sources call him a master of)

The published sources call Yoshikage an old master of the naginata, and a large share of his attributions are naginata-naoshi, reshaped from the polearm into katana and wakizashi. These are wide in body with a shallow sori and a large point, the shinogi-ji often planed down so the kasane is thin, sometimes retaining traces of the naginata-hi and soe-hi on the tang. Over an itame with mokume and flowing hada that stands, with ji-nie, thick chikei and a midare-utsuri, the temper is a varied small midare of gunome, ko-gunome and chōji with conspicuous togariba toward the monouchi, abundant ashi and yō, ko-nie, frequent kinsuji and sunagashi, and a bright nioiguchi. The bōshi runs vigorously midare-komi to a yakizume-like, hakikake tip. The published sources count these among his finest works, the form on which his hand is most clearly his own.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record competing theories of his lineage: that he was a second son of Kagemitsu, a pupil of Kanemitsu, or a pupil of Nagayoshi, set against the recent and now prevailing view that, from the similarity of his workmanship and the distinctive reverse-chisel signature, he was a collateral Osafune smith of the same kin as Chikakage and Morikage. They further note that one sword register makes a first generation a pupil of Chikakage and a second a pupil of Kanemitsu.

Reliably signed works are extremely few; many of his blades are naginata-naoshi mumei attributions, and the sword registers transmit two generations, making it difficult to separate the first from the second on present evidence. One signed tachi, subdued in workmanship, the published sources hold to be especially valuable as reference material precisely because authentic signed pieces are so scarce.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō3
Jūyō Tōken60

Elite Standing

0.29 across 67 designated works

Top 8% among smiths

Provenance

8 documented provenances across certified works by Yoshikage

Provenance Standing

3 works held in elite collections across 8 documented provenances

Top 21% among smiths

Raw score: 2.07 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 67 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 67 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Yoshikage
Students (5)
  1. 1.Morikage盛景3 for sale94designated
  2. 2.Iemori家守15designated
  3. 3.Morikage盛景6designated
  4. 4.Mitsukage光景1designated
  5. 5.Morisuke盛助2designated

Chogi School

Other artisans of the Chogi school

  1. 1.Chogi長義1 for sale109designated
  2. 2.Kanenaga兼長4 for sale94designated
  3. 3.Nagashige長重16designated