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Description

This is a katana signed by Sanemune, said to have been handed down in the Kasama Makino family. It received Tokubetsu Juyo Token designation in the 25th session (2018). The blade features a wide mihaba, deep sori, and a robust form characteristic of the late Kamakura period, with a large flowing itame hada and urumi-gokoro hamon, showcasing the unique style of the Kyushu classical school.

NBTHK Setsumei

Tokubetsu-Jūyō-Tōken, 25th Session — Designated May 2, 2018 Tachi, mei: Chikuzen no Kuni Jitsua (筑前国実阿) Measurements Nagasa 71.1 cm, sori 2.15 cm, motohaba 3.2 cm, sakihaba 2.0 cm, kissaki-nagasa 2.9 cm, nakago-nagasa 17.9 cm, nakago-sori 0.2 cm Description Keijō: Shinogi-zukuri, iori-mune. Wide mihaba with noticeable taper from base to tip; the shinogi is high; the kasane is thick; there is strong funbari; the koshi-zori is high with a slight additional curvature toward the tip; chū-kissaki with a somewhat compact impression. Kitae: Itame-hada; overall, the grain is large and flows strongly. In places it becomes ayasugi-like; the hada stands out (hada-dachi). Ji-nie adheres thickly; chikei appear. Mixed with patch-like (chi-fu-toned) areas; faintly shirake (whitish), and the steel is slightly blackish. Hamon: Chū-suguha, with intermittent hints of gunome. In the lower half the nioiguchi shows a slight urumi (moist/soft) tendency; ko-nie-deki. In places there is slight hotsure; some kinsuji and sunagashi are seen; the nioiguchi is also somewhat shizumi (subdued). Bōshi: Shallow notare becoming ko-maru; the tip shows slight hakikake; the kaeri is somewhat long. Horimono: Bō-hi on both sides, maru-dome. Nakago: Suriage; tip cut straight (kiri). File marks: former (kyū) unknown; on the present (shin) ha-ura side, katte-sagari. Two mekugi-ana. On the lower half of the tachi-omote in the hiraji there is a rather large three-character signature. Artisan Chikuzen no Kuni Jitsua (筑前国実阿) Era Late Kamakura period Explanation Jitsua is a swordsmith traditionally regarded as a son of Sairen Kuniyoshi, and as the father of Daisa. Among extant works, there are dated examples bearing such year inscriptions as Genkō 3 and Kenmu 2, making his period of activity largely clear; however, signed examples are comparatively few. Whereas his son Daisa brought to full fruition a Sōshū-den style in which both ji and ha are bright and clear, Jitsua’s manner features large itame that stands out and flows, at times presenting an ayasugi-like hada; and he tempers a suguha in which the nioiguchi tends toward urumi. In this, one senses a strong adherence to the working range of the Kyūshū classical group linked to the lineage of Ryōsai–Nyūsai–Sairen. Moreover, Jitsua is known for forging in bold patterns with a standing, flowing grain, showing—within this group—the most vigorous and unruly tendency. This blade is broad, with a visible difference between base and tip widths; it has a high shinogi and thick kasane, and its hiraniku is well preserved. The strong koshi-zori, together with remaining funbari despite being shortened, and the compact chū-kissaki with an ikubi-like feeling, are all praised as forming precisely the robust and powerful tachi silhouette equipped for martial use that is seen in the mid-to-late Kamakura period. In the forging, the large flowing itame mixed with ayasugi-like grain, together with a somewhat whitish tone to the steel, are apparent; and in the temper, the suguha shows urumi in the nioiguchi with a subdued (shizumi) tendency. Altogether, this is a finely executed sword that fully manifests the distinctive traits of Jitsua, who carried forward the traditions of the Kyūshū classical school. Above all, the conspicuous variations in the ground pattern are genuinely intriguing, making this an excellent piece worthy of appreciation.

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Swords›Chikuzen›Jitsua›Katana: Sanemune saku
katanaTokubetsu Jūyō
Chikuzen Jitsua

Katana: Sanemune saku

mei · Kamakura · nagasa 71cm · sori 2.2cm

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Measurements & details
Smith
Chikuzen Jitsua
Type
Katana
School
Chikuzen
Period
Around 1303–1335(Kagen–Kenmu)
Province
Chikuzen
Signature
Signed(26% of this smith's designated works are signed)
Measurements
Nagasa 71cmSori 2.2cmMotohaba 3.3cmSakihaba 2.1cmKasane 0.7cm
Description

This is a katana signed by Sanemune, said to have been handed down in the Kasama Makino family. It received Tokubetsu Juyo Token designation in the 25th session (2018). The blade features a wide mihaba, deep sori, and a robust form characteristic of the late Kamakura period, with a large flowing itame hada and urumi-gokoro hamon, showcasing the unique style of the Kyushu classical school.

NBTHK Zufu Commentary

Tokuju #25

AI translation — may contain errors

-, 25th Session — Designated May 2, 2018

, : no Jitsua (筑前国実阿)

Measurements 71.1 cm, 2.15 cm, 3.2 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.9 cm, 17.9 cm, 0.2 cm

Description Keijō: , . Wide with noticeable taper from base to tip; the is high; the is thick; there is strong ; the -zori is high with a slight additional curvature toward the tip; with a somewhat compact impression. : ; overall, the grain is large and flows strongly. In places it becomes -like; the stands out (). adheres thickly; appear. Mixed with patch-like (chi--toned) areas; faintly (whitish), and the steel is slightly blackish. : , with intermittent hints of . In the lower half the shows a slight (moist/soft) tendency; . In places there is slight ; some and are seen; the is also somewhat (subdued). : Shallow becoming ; the tip shows slight ; the is somewhat long. : on both sides, . : ; tip cut straight (). File marks: former (kyū) unknown; on the present () side, . Two . On the lower half of the in the there is a rather large three-character signature.

Artisan no Jitsua (筑前国実阿)

Era Late period

Explanation Jitsua is a swordsmith traditionally regarded as a son of Sairen Kuniyoshi, and as the father of . Among extant works, there are dated examples bearing such year inscriptions as Genkō 3 and Kenmu 2, making his period of activity largely clear; however, signed examples are comparatively few.

Whereas his son brought to full fruition a Sōshū-den style in which both and are bright and clear, Jitsua’s manner features large that stands out and flows, at times presenting an -like ; and he tempers a in which the tends toward . In this, one senses a strong adherence to the working range of the Kyūshū classical group linked to the lineage of Ryōsai–Nyūsai–Sairen. Moreover, Jitsua is known for forging in bold patterns with a standing, flowing grain, showing—within this group—the most vigorous and unruly tendency.

This blade is broad, with a visible difference between base and tip widths; it has a high and thick , and its is well preserved. The strong -zori, together with remaining despite being shortened, and the compact with an -like feeling, are all praised as forming precisely the robust and powerful silhouette equipped for martial use that is seen in the mid-to-late period. In the forging, the large flowing mixed with -like grain, together with a somewhat whitish tone to the steel, are apparent; and in the temper, the shows in the with a subdued () tendency. Altogether, this is a finely executed sword that fully manifests the distinctive traits of Jitsua, who carried forward the traditions of the Kyūshū classical school. Above all, the conspicuous variations in the ground pattern are genuinely intriguing, making this an excellent piece worthy of appreciation.

About the maker

Jitsua

實阿

Chikuzen (Kyushu classical group; the Ryosai-Sairen line) · Chikuzen · around 1303-1335

Fujishiro Jo saku · Tōken Taikan top 10%

›

Jitsua of Chikuzen is dated by his own hand: tachi survive inscribed Genkō 3 (1333) and Kenmu 2 (1335), and a Kareki 2 (1327) sword drawing is recorded in the old swordbooks, so his period of activity is among the most securely fixed of his group. The published sources transmit him as the son of Sairen Kuniyoshi and the father of Ō-Sa, the prodigy Samonji, placing him at the hinge of the Kyūshū classical line just before it turned toward the bright Sōshū manner. He works within the tradition descending through Ryōsai, Nyūsai and Sairen, and the NBTHK reads his blades as adhering closely to that range, faithfully preserving, in their words, "the working domain of the Kyūshū classical group"[[c:1]].

His characteristic hand is that classical Kyūshū manner carried to its most vigorous. The forging is a large itame mixed with ō-itame and mokume that stands out and flows into nagare, turning toward masame near the edge and, in his most distinctive pieces, taking on an ayasugi-like grain. The published sources single him out within the lineage as the roughest and most unruly forger, the one with "the strongest tendency in the group toward a vigorous, rough character"[[c:2]]; they note further that this standing, flowing jigane at times recalls the Naminohira of the same province. Over it he tempers a low or fine suguha, the habuchi fraying into hotsure, the published record characterizing his temper as a straight one in which "the nioiguchi tends toward urumi"[[c:3]], with ko-nie adhering and sunagashi and kinsuji running through. The bōshi runs straight with hakikake to a ko-maru, at times finishing as yakitsume.

The jigane is the constant, and it is dark. Thick ji-nie scatters over the standing grain, chikei enter, and the steel takes on a blackish, iron tone over which a faint whitish shirake-utsuri rises along the shinogi. This is the Kyūshū jigane, distinct from the bright midare-utsuri of Bizen steel, and it stands together with the dark steel and the moist nioiguchi as the triad by which Jitsua is recognized. Where the forging tightens the utsuri grows clearer; where it loosens into the broad, flowing ō-itame the dark, rough character that the judges name as his comes forward. In both ji and ha the published commentary finds what one entry calls a "Kyūshū temperament"[[c:4]] of this period, distinct also from Yamato work, a regional coloration counted among the principal points of appreciation.

His record divides naturally into two registers. On one side stands the small body of signed work, extremely few in number and the documentary anchor for the whole line: tachi, several broader in body than the slender constructions of Irinishi and Sairen, with thick kasane, strong funbari and a high koshi-zori even where shortened, alongside two slender signed tantō in orthodox uchi-zori form. What sets the signed pieces apart is the signature itself, a two- or three-character mei cut unusually large and bold near the nakago-jiri, the strokes ordinary in form but the characters far larger than usual, so bold that one Tokubetsu Jūyō entry calls it "large to a degree without parallel among other examples"[[c:5]]. On the other side stands the broad body of his record, the ō-suriage mumei katana and naginata-naoshi affirmed to him from era and school, in which the same forging and the same subdued straight temper appear.

What separates Jitsua from his neighbours is exactly what the judges name. He is set apart from his quieter forebears Sairen and Nyūsai by his broader construction and his rougher, more flowing jigane; and he is held apart from his celebrated son by temper and steel alike, for where the published sources say "Ō-Sa perfected a Sōshū-den manner in which both ji and ha are bright and clear"[[c:6]], Jitsua's own suguha stays low and subdued, the nioiguchi moist over a dark, standing jigane. His is the classical Kyūshū root from which that brilliance grew, and the judges read his blades as the very foundation from which the prodigy of the next generation would emerge.

For the collector he is a rare early Kyūshū name. Fujishiro grades him Jō saku. He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through one Important Cultural Property, the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō ranks, and the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, with twenty-four blades in the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers. Of recorded whereabouts his blades are preserved in long-held collections and institutions: the dignified signed tachi transmitted in the Uesugi family, others descending through the Shimazu and the Yanagawa Tachibana houses, a Jūyō Bijutsuhin held at the Sano Art Museum from the Ninomiya collection and another at the Kurokawa Institute, with further blades recorded at Kyoto National Museum and Atsuta Jingū. Signed work is the scarcer thing by far, the signed tantō scarcely to be found at all, so an in-mei Jitsua comes to light only seldom; even among the ō-suriage mumei attributions, most are held rather than traded, and a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of the Kyūshū hand from which Samonji was born.

Historical importance

Where Jitsua stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.

随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
著名
Notable

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Designation record
27 designated works
Jūyō Bunkazai
1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2
Tokubetsu Jūyō
2
Jūyō
22
Jitsua — full profileChikuzen (Kyushu classical group; the Ryosai-Sairen line) school

Dated Works

Years he was demonstrably active, proven by signed-and-dated blades

Active period
1335Editorial estimate: 1303–1335
1 of 6 designated works carry a date

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About the school

Chikuzen

筑前

Wakimono · Chikuzen

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The blades gathered here belong to the classical line of Chikuzen province seated at Hakata, whose smiths the NBTHK setsumei consistently place within what they call the Kyūshū classical group (Kyūshū koten-ha). The sampled works carry the signatures and attributions of three men of one descent: Ryōsai (良西), named in the setsumei as founder of the line; Sairen (西蓮), the tonsured name of Kuniyoshi, recorded as Ryōsai's son; and Jitsua (実阿), given as Sairen's son. The setsumei date the group to the late Kamakura period, with Jitsua's signed and dated pieces (Genkō 3, 1335 Kenmu 2) carrying the work into the early Nanbokuchō. "[[c:1]] The setsumei also gesture beyond the three: Nyūsai (Nyūsa), recorded as Ryōsai's younger brother or pupil, and Daisa, named as Jitsua's son who would carry the house toward Samonji and a matured Sōshū-den. Across the Chikuzen blades sampled, one forging idiom recurs. The kitae is itame on a large scale, the grain standing (hada-dachi) and flowing, tending to masame toward the edge, mixed in places with ō-itame and mokume; ji-nie adheres with fine chikei, and the steel carries a dark "kana-iron" cast, often with a faint whitish utsuri or shirake. The hamon is built on suguha, low in height, fraying into hotsure along the habuchi, with the nioiguchi drawn toward urumi, a moist and slightly blurred quality; ko-nie, uchi-noke, kinsuji, and sunagashi enter, sometimes with nijūba and sanjūba effects, and ko-gunome or ko-midare interspersed. Bōshi run straight into a ko-maru return, frequently with hakikake. Within this shared vocabulary the setsumei mark divisions.

Ryōsai is known from a single reliable tantō, a kanmuri-otoshi piece with conspicuous masame, a subdued (shizumi) nioiguchi, and a dropped temper at the machi (yaki-otoshi). Jitsua is read as the coarsest and most vigorous hand of the line, his forging the boldest in pattern and the one most apt to show an ayasugi-like texture, a trait the setsumei use to separate his work from Sairen's quieter suguha. For kantei the setsumei lean on this conjunction of dark, standing itame and a fraying suguha with urumi, treating the hotsure entwined with the forging as the signal that distinguishes the Chikuzen hand from other suguha traditions; the ayasugi hint and rough patterning push an attribution toward Jitsua specifically. The named works carry weight beyond style. A kinzogan-mei katana bears the gold-inlaid appraisal of Hon'ami Kōtoku, and other blades hold origami by Hon'ami Kōtsune valuing a Sairen at 150 kan. Provenance recorded in the setsumei reaches the highest houses: a Sairen katana transmitted in the Tokugawa shogunal house, another in the Shigetomi Shimazu family, and a Jitsua tachi of unusually bold mei kept in the Uesugi family. The Jūyō-Bijutsuhin entries add early-certified tachi and tantō signed Dangi-sho Kuniyoshi, Sairen, and Jitsua, with a Jitsua orikaeshi-mei dated Kenmu 2. Read together, the blades present Chikuzen not as a single voice but as a short, traceable descent whose archaic Kyūshū suguha, dark steel, and fraying edge form a recognizable register, and from whose later reach the Sōshū-den of Samonji is said to have grown. Learn more →

4 recorded smiths72 designated works
Leading smiths
SmithEraDesignated
Sairen西蓮1260-126143
Jitsua實阿1303-133527
Nyusai入西1293-12991
Ryosai良西1234-12351
Sanea實阿1293-12990
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Historical context

The Kamakura period (1185 to 1333)

›

Nearly every later authority calls Kamakura the golden age of the sword: the first warrior government as patron, the great traditions at full strength simultaneously, and, tradition holds, the finest smiths of the realm rotating through Go-Toba’s court.

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NBTHK Certificate
Tokubetsu Jūyō Tōken特別重要刀剣
Especially Important Sword
›

The NBTHK’s highest grade, reserved for the rare Jūyō blades of exceptional artistry, condition, and historical value, judged on par with a nationally designated Important Cultural Property (Jūyō Bunkazai).

Only 1,211 swords have ever reached Tokubetsu Jūyō, about 1 in 2,064 registered blades.

About the NBTHK›

The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.

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Description

This is a katana signed by Sanemune, said to have been handed down in the Kasama Makino family. It received Tokubetsu Juyo Token designation in the 25th session (2018). The blade features a wide mihaba, deep sori, and a robust form characteristic of the late Kamakura period, with a large flowing itame hada and urumi-gokoro hamon, showcasing the unique style of the Kyushu classical school.

NBTHK Setsumei

Tokubetsu-Jūyō-Tōken, 25th Session — Designated May 2, 2018 Tachi, mei: Chikuzen no Kuni Jitsua (筑前国実阿) Measurements Nagasa 71.1 cm, sori 2.15 cm, motohaba 3.2 cm, sakihaba 2.0 cm, kissaki-nagasa 2.9 cm, nakago-nagasa 17.9 cm, nakago-sori 0.2 cm Description Keijō: Shinogi-zukuri, iori-mune. Wide mihaba with noticeable taper from base to tip; the shinogi is high; the kasane is thick; there is strong funbari; the koshi-zori is high with a slight additional curvature toward the tip; chū-kissaki with a somewhat compact impression. Kitae: Itame-hada; overall, the grain is large and flows strongly. In places it becomes ayasugi-like; the hada stands out (hada-dachi). Ji-nie adheres thickly; chikei appear. Mixed with patch-like (chi-fu-toned) areas; faintly shirake (whitish), and the steel is slightly blackish. Hamon: Chū-suguha, with intermittent hints of gunome. In the lower half the nioiguchi shows a slight urumi (moist/soft) tendency; ko-nie-deki. In places there is slight hotsure; some kinsuji and sunagashi are seen; the nioiguchi is also somewhat shizumi (subdued). Bōshi: Shallow notare becoming ko-maru; the tip shows slight hakikake; the kaeri is somewhat long. Horimono: Bō-hi on both sides, maru-dome. Nakago: Suriage; tip cut straight (kiri). File marks: former (kyū) unknown; on the present (shin) ha-ura side, katte-sagari. Two mekugi-ana. On the lower half of the tachi-omote in the hiraji there is a rather large three-character signature. Artisan Chikuzen no Kuni Jitsua (筑前国実阿) Era Late Kamakura period Explanation Jitsua is a swordsmith traditionally regarded as a son of Sairen Kuniyoshi, and as the father of Daisa. Among extant works, there are dated examples bearing such year inscriptions as Genkō 3 and Kenmu 2, making his period of activity largely clear; however, signed examples are comparatively few. Whereas his son Daisa brought to full fruition a Sōshū-den style in which both ji and ha are bright and clear, Jitsua’s manner features large itame that stands out and flows, at times presenting an ayasugi-like hada; and he tempers a suguha in which the nioiguchi tends toward urumi. In this, one senses a strong adherence to the working range of the Kyūshū classical group linked to the lineage of Ryōsai–Nyūsai–Sairen. Moreover, Jitsua is known for forging in bold patterns with a standing, flowing grain, showing—within this group—the most vigorous and unruly tendency. This blade is broad, with a visible difference between base and tip widths; it has a high shinogi and thick kasane, and its hiraniku is well preserved. The strong koshi-zori, together with remaining funbari despite being shortened, and the compact chū-kissaki with an ikubi-like feeling, are all praised as forming precisely the robust and powerful tachi silhouette equipped for martial use that is seen in the mid-to-late Kamakura period. In the forging, the large flowing itame mixed with ayasugi-like grain, together with a somewhat whitish tone to the steel, are apparent; and in the temper, the suguha shows urumi in the nioiguchi with a subdued (shizumi) tendency. Altogether, this is a finely executed sword that fully manifests the distinctive traits of Jitsua, who carried forward the traditions of the Kyūshū classical school. Above all, the conspicuous variations in the ground pattern are genuinely intriguing, making this an excellent piece worthy of appreciation.

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Swords›Chikuzen›Jitsua›Katana: Sanemune saku
katanaTokubetsu Jūyō
Chikuzen Jitsua

Katana: Sanemune saku

mei · Kamakura · nagasa 71cm · sori 2.2cm

SOLD
Chikuzen Jitsua (實阿) · KamakuraView artist page →
KatanaTokubetsu Jūyō
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KatanaTokubetsu Jūyō
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Measurements & details
Smith
Chikuzen Jitsua
Type
Katana
School
Chikuzen
Period
Around 1303–1335(Kagen–Kenmu)
Province
Chikuzen
Signature
Signed(26% of this smith's designated works are signed)
Measurements
Nagasa 71cmSori 2.2cmMotohaba 3.3cmSakihaba 2.1cmKasane 0.7cm
Description

This is a katana signed by Sanemune, said to have been handed down in the Kasama Makino family. It received Tokubetsu Juyo Token designation in the 25th session (2018). The blade features a wide mihaba, deep sori, and a robust form characteristic of the late Kamakura period, with a large flowing itame hada and urumi-gokoro hamon, showcasing the unique style of the Kyushu classical school.

NBTHK Zufu Commentary

Tokuju #25

AI translation — may contain errors

-, 25th Session — Designated May 2, 2018

, : no Jitsua (筑前国実阿)

Measurements 71.1 cm, 2.15 cm, 3.2 cm, 2.0 cm, 2.9 cm, 17.9 cm, 0.2 cm

Description Keijō: , . Wide with noticeable taper from base to tip; the is high; the is thick; there is strong ; the -zori is high with a slight additional curvature toward the tip; with a somewhat compact impression. : ; overall, the grain is large and flows strongly. In places it becomes -like; the stands out (). adheres thickly; appear. Mixed with patch-like (chi--toned) areas; faintly (whitish), and the steel is slightly blackish. : , with intermittent hints of . In the lower half the shows a slight (moist/soft) tendency; . In places there is slight ; some and are seen; the is also somewhat (subdued). : Shallow becoming ; the tip shows slight ; the is somewhat long. : on both sides, . : ; tip cut straight (). File marks: former (kyū) unknown; on the present () side, . Two . On the lower half of the in the there is a rather large three-character signature.

Artisan no Jitsua (筑前国実阿)

Era Late period

Explanation Jitsua is a swordsmith traditionally regarded as a son of Sairen Kuniyoshi, and as the father of . Among extant works, there are dated examples bearing such year inscriptions as Genkō 3 and Kenmu 2, making his period of activity largely clear; however, signed examples are comparatively few.

Whereas his son brought to full fruition a Sōshū-den style in which both and are bright and clear, Jitsua’s manner features large that stands out and flows, at times presenting an -like ; and he tempers a in which the tends toward . In this, one senses a strong adherence to the working range of the Kyūshū classical group linked to the lineage of Ryōsai–Nyūsai–Sairen. Moreover, Jitsua is known for forging in bold patterns with a standing, flowing grain, showing—within this group—the most vigorous and unruly tendency.

This blade is broad, with a visible difference between base and tip widths; it has a high and thick , and its is well preserved. The strong -zori, together with remaining despite being shortened, and the compact with an -like feeling, are all praised as forming precisely the robust and powerful silhouette equipped for martial use that is seen in the mid-to-late period. In the forging, the large flowing mixed with -like grain, together with a somewhat whitish tone to the steel, are apparent; and in the temper, the shows in the with a subdued () tendency. Altogether, this is a finely executed sword that fully manifests the distinctive traits of Jitsua, who carried forward the traditions of the Kyūshū classical school. Above all, the conspicuous variations in the ground pattern are genuinely intriguing, making this an excellent piece worthy of appreciation.

About the maker

Jitsua

實阿

Chikuzen (Kyushu classical group; the Ryosai-Sairen line) · Chikuzen · around 1303-1335

Fujishiro Jo saku · Tōken Taikan top 10%

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Jitsua of Chikuzen is dated by his own hand: tachi survive inscribed Genkō 3 (1333) and Kenmu 2 (1335), and a Kareki 2 (1327) sword drawing is recorded in the old swordbooks, so his period of activity is among the most securely fixed of his group. The published sources transmit him as the son of Sairen Kuniyoshi and the father of Ō-Sa, the prodigy Samonji, placing him at the hinge of the Kyūshū classical line just before it turned toward the bright Sōshū manner. He works within the tradition descending through Ryōsai, Nyūsai and Sairen, and the NBTHK reads his blades as adhering closely to that range, faithfully preserving, in their words, "the working domain of the Kyūshū classical group"[[c:1]].

His characteristic hand is that classical Kyūshū manner carried to its most vigorous. The forging is a large itame mixed with ō-itame and mokume that stands out and flows into nagare, turning toward masame near the edge and, in his most distinctive pieces, taking on an ayasugi-like grain. The published sources single him out within the lineage as the roughest and most unruly forger, the one with "the strongest tendency in the group toward a vigorous, rough character"[[c:2]]; they note further that this standing, flowing jigane at times recalls the Naminohira of the same province. Over it he tempers a low or fine suguha, the habuchi fraying into hotsure, the published record characterizing his temper as a straight one in which "the nioiguchi tends toward urumi"[[c:3]], with ko-nie adhering and sunagashi and kinsuji running through. The bōshi runs straight with hakikake to a ko-maru, at times finishing as yakitsume.

The jigane is the constant, and it is dark. Thick ji-nie scatters over the standing grain, chikei enter, and the steel takes on a blackish, iron tone over which a faint whitish shirake-utsuri rises along the shinogi. This is the Kyūshū jigane, distinct from the bright midare-utsuri of Bizen steel, and it stands together with the dark steel and the moist nioiguchi as the triad by which Jitsua is recognized. Where the forging tightens the utsuri grows clearer; where it loosens into the broad, flowing ō-itame the dark, rough character that the judges name as his comes forward. In both ji and ha the published commentary finds what one entry calls a "Kyūshū temperament"[[c:4]] of this period, distinct also from Yamato work, a regional coloration counted among the principal points of appreciation.

His record divides naturally into two registers. On one side stands the small body of signed work, extremely few in number and the documentary anchor for the whole line: tachi, several broader in body than the slender constructions of Irinishi and Sairen, with thick kasane, strong funbari and a high koshi-zori even where shortened, alongside two slender signed tantō in orthodox uchi-zori form. What sets the signed pieces apart is the signature itself, a two- or three-character mei cut unusually large and bold near the nakago-jiri, the strokes ordinary in form but the characters far larger than usual, so bold that one Tokubetsu Jūyō entry calls it "large to a degree without parallel among other examples"[[c:5]]. On the other side stands the broad body of his record, the ō-suriage mumei katana and naginata-naoshi affirmed to him from era and school, in which the same forging and the same subdued straight temper appear.

What separates Jitsua from his neighbours is exactly what the judges name. He is set apart from his quieter forebears Sairen and Nyūsai by his broader construction and his rougher, more flowing jigane; and he is held apart from his celebrated son by temper and steel alike, for where the published sources say "Ō-Sa perfected a Sōshū-den manner in which both ji and ha are bright and clear"[[c:6]], Jitsua's own suguha stays low and subdued, the nioiguchi moist over a dark, standing jigane. His is the classical Kyūshū root from which that brilliance grew, and the judges read his blades as the very foundation from which the prodigy of the next generation would emerge.

For the collector he is a rare early Kyūshū name. Fujishiro grades him Jō saku. He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through one Important Cultural Property, the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō ranks, and the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, with twenty-four blades in the Tokubetsu Jūyō and Jūyō tiers. Of recorded whereabouts his blades are preserved in long-held collections and institutions: the dignified signed tachi transmitted in the Uesugi family, others descending through the Shimazu and the Yanagawa Tachibana houses, a Jūyō Bijutsuhin held at the Sano Art Museum from the Ninomiya collection and another at the Kurokawa Institute, with further blades recorded at Kyoto National Museum and Atsuta Jingū. Signed work is the scarcer thing by far, the signed tantō scarcely to be found at all, so an in-mei Jitsua comes to light only seldom; even among the ō-suriage mumei attributions, most are held rather than traded, and a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of the Kyūshū hand from which Samonji was born.

Historical importance

Where Jitsua stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.

随一
Foremost
屈指
Leading
有数
Major
著名
Notable

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Designation record
27 designated works
Jūyō Bunkazai
1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2
Tokubetsu Jūyō
2
Jūyō
22
Jitsua — full profileChikuzen (Kyushu classical group; the Ryosai-Sairen line) school

Dated Works

Years he was demonstrably active, proven by signed-and-dated blades

Active period
1335Editorial estimate: 1303–1335
1 of 6 designated works carry a date

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About the school

Chikuzen

筑前

Wakimono · Chikuzen

1 piece on the market now

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The blades gathered here belong to the classical line of Chikuzen province seated at Hakata, whose smiths the NBTHK setsumei consistently place within what they call the Kyūshū classical group (Kyūshū koten-ha). The sampled works carry the signatures and attributions of three men of one descent: Ryōsai (良西), named in the setsumei as founder of the line; Sairen (西蓮), the tonsured name of Kuniyoshi, recorded as Ryōsai's son; and Jitsua (実阿), given as Sairen's son. The setsumei date the group to the late Kamakura period, with Jitsua's signed and dated pieces (Genkō 3, 1335 Kenmu 2) carrying the work into the early Nanbokuchō. "[[c:1]] The setsumei also gesture beyond the three: Nyūsai (Nyūsa), recorded as Ryōsai's younger brother or pupil, and Daisa, named as Jitsua's son who would carry the house toward Samonji and a matured Sōshū-den. Across the Chikuzen blades sampled, one forging idiom recurs. The kitae is itame on a large scale, the grain standing (hada-dachi) and flowing, tending to masame toward the edge, mixed in places with ō-itame and mokume; ji-nie adheres with fine chikei, and the steel carries a dark "kana-iron" cast, often with a faint whitish utsuri or shirake. The hamon is built on suguha, low in height, fraying into hotsure along the habuchi, with the nioiguchi drawn toward urumi, a moist and slightly blurred quality; ko-nie, uchi-noke, kinsuji, and sunagashi enter, sometimes with nijūba and sanjūba effects, and ko-gunome or ko-midare interspersed. Bōshi run straight into a ko-maru return, frequently with hakikake. Within this shared vocabulary the setsumei mark divisions.

Ryōsai is known from a single reliable tantō, a kanmuri-otoshi piece with conspicuous masame, a subdued (shizumi) nioiguchi, and a dropped temper at the machi (yaki-otoshi). Jitsua is read as the coarsest and most vigorous hand of the line, his forging the boldest in pattern and the one most apt to show an ayasugi-like texture, a trait the setsumei use to separate his work from Sairen's quieter suguha. For kantei the setsumei lean on this conjunction of dark, standing itame and a fraying suguha with urumi, treating the hotsure entwined with the forging as the signal that distinguishes the Chikuzen hand from other suguha traditions; the ayasugi hint and rough patterning push an attribution toward Jitsua specifically. The named works carry weight beyond style. A kinzogan-mei katana bears the gold-inlaid appraisal of Hon'ami Kōtoku, and other blades hold origami by Hon'ami Kōtsune valuing a Sairen at 150 kan. Provenance recorded in the setsumei reaches the highest houses: a Sairen katana transmitted in the Tokugawa shogunal house, another in the Shigetomi Shimazu family, and a Jitsua tachi of unusually bold mei kept in the Uesugi family. The Jūyō-Bijutsuhin entries add early-certified tachi and tantō signed Dangi-sho Kuniyoshi, Sairen, and Jitsua, with a Jitsua orikaeshi-mei dated Kenmu 2. Read together, the blades present Chikuzen not as a single voice but as a short, traceable descent whose archaic Kyūshū suguha, dark steel, and fraying edge form a recognizable register, and from whose later reach the Sōshū-den of Samonji is said to have grown. Learn more →

4 recorded smiths72 designated works
Leading smiths
SmithEraDesignated
Sairen西蓮1260-126143
Jitsua實阿1303-133527
Nyusai入西1293-12991
Ryosai良西1234-12351
Sanea實阿1293-12990
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Historical context

The Kamakura period (1185 to 1333)

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Nearly every later authority calls Kamakura the golden age of the sword: the first warrior government as patron, the great traditions at full strength simultaneously, and, tradition holds, the finest smiths of the realm rotating through Go-Toba’s court.

The Kamakura period (1185 to 1333) →

NBTHK Certificate
Tokubetsu Jūyō Tōken特別重要刀剣
Especially Important Sword
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The NBTHK’s highest grade, reserved for the rare Jūyō blades of exceptional artistry, condition, and historical value, judged on par with a nationally designated Important Cultural Property (Jūyō Bunkazai).

Only 1,211 swords have ever reached Tokubetsu Jūyō, about 1 in 2,064 registered blades.

About the NBTHK›

The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.

NBTHK official site→
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