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  1. Schools
  2. Chikuzen
  3. Jitsua

Chikuzen Jitsua

實阿

Tokujū
Vol. 25, No. 64 · Tachi

Chikuzen Jitsua

實阿

27 ranked works

ProvinceChikuzenEraKagen–Kenmu (1303–1335)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolChikuzenTraditionWakimonoGenerationpre-founderTeacherSairenFujishiroJo sakuToko Taikan900(top 10%)TypeSwordsmithCodeJIT1
1Jūyō Bunkazai
2Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Tokubetsu Jūyō22Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Jitsua of is dated by his own hand: survive inscribed Genkō 3 (1333) and Kenmu 2 (1335), and a Kareki 2 (1327) sword drawing is recorded in the old swordbooks, so his period of activity is among the most securely fixed of his group. The published sources transmit him as the son of Sairen Kuniyoshi and the father of Ō-, the prodigy , placing him at the hinge of the Kyūshū classical line just before it turned toward the bright manner. He works within the tradition descending through Ryōsai, Nyūsai and Sairen, and the reads his blades as adhering closely to that range, faithfully preserving, in their words, "the working domain of the Kyūshū classical group" (九州古典派の作域を墨守した).

His characteristic hand is that classical Kyūshū manner carried to its most vigorous. The forging is a large mixed with and that stands out and flows into , turning toward near the edge and, in his most distinctive pieces, taking on an -like grain. The published sources single him out within the lineage as the roughest and most unruly forger, the one with "the strongest tendency in the group toward a vigorous, rough character" (一派の中で最も荒ぶる傾向にある); they note further that this standing, flowing at times recalls the Naminohira of the province. Over it he tempers a low or fine , the fraying into , the published record characterizing his temper as a straight one in which "the tends toward " (匂口がうるみごころの直刃を焼く), with adhering and and running through. The runs straight with to a , at times finishing as .

The is the constant, and it is dark. Thick scatters over the standing grain, enter, and the steel takes on a blackish, iron tone over which a faint whitish rises along the . This is the Kyūshū , distinct from the bright of steel, and it stands together with the dark steel and the moist as the triad by which Jitsua is recognized. Where the forging tightens the grows clearer; where it loosens into the broad, flowing the dark, rough character that the judges name as his comes forward. In both and the published commentary finds what one entry calls a "Kyūshū temperament" (九州物気質) of this period, distinct also from Yamato work, a regional coloration counted among the principal points of appreciation.

His record divides naturally into two registers. On one side stands the small body of signed work, extremely few in number and the documentary anchor for the whole line: , several broader in body than the slender constructions of Irinishi and Sairen, with thick , strong and a high -zori even where shortened, alongside two slender signed in orthodox uchi-zori form. What sets the signed pieces apart is the signature itself, a two- or three-character cut unusually large and bold near the , the strokes ordinary in form but the characters far larger than usual, so bold that one entry calls it "large to a degree without parallel among other examples" (他に類がない程に大振り). On the other side stands the broad body of his record, the and affirmed to him from era and school, in which the forging and the subdued straight temper appear.

What separates Jitsua from his neighbours is exactly what the judges name. He is set apart from his quieter forebears Sairen and Nyūsai by his broader construction and his rougher, more flowing ; and he is held apart from his celebrated son by temper and steel alike, for where the published sources say "Ō- perfected a Sōshū-den manner in which both and are bright and clear" (大左が地刃共に明るく冴えた相州伝の作風を大成した), Jitsua's own stays low and subdued, the moist over a dark, standing . His is the classical Kyūshū root from which that brilliance grew, and the judges read his blades as the very foundation from which the prodigy of the next generation would emerge.

For the collector he is a rare early Kyūshū name. Fujishiro grades him Jō . He has no National Treasures; his record runs instead through one Important Cultural Property, the and ranks, and the prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, with twenty-four blades in the and tiers. Of recorded whereabouts his blades are preserved in long-held collections and institutions: the dignified signed transmitted in the Uesugi family, others descending through the Shimazu and the Yanagawa Tachibana houses, a Jūyō Bijutsuhin held at the Sano Art Museum from the Ninomiya collection and another at the Kurokawa Institute, with further blades recorded at Kyoto National Museum and Atsuta Jingū. Signed work is the scarcer thing by far, the signed scarcely to be found at all, so an in- Jitsua comes to light only seldom; even among the attributions, most are held rather than traded, and a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of the Kyūshū hand from which was born.

Kantei

one Kyushu classical hand read in two registers: his prevailing manner, the roughest and most flowing in the group, a low suguha over a standing, dark, ayasugi-tinged itame with shirake-utsuri and an urumi nioiguchi (signed and o-suriage mumei alike, the mainstream attribution), set against the rare ubu signed tachi and tanto whose large bold mei and Genko/Kenmu dates anchor the whole line

Jitsua is the late- to early- smith transmitted as the son of Sairen Kuniyoshi and the father of O- (), so he stands at the hinge of the Kyushu classical line just before it turns toward the bright manner of his son. His dates are fixed: dated Genko 3 (1333) and Kenmu 2 (1335) survive, and a Kareki 2 (1327) drawing is recorded in the old swordbooks, so his period is among the most securely datable of the group. His hand is the classical Kyushu manner carried to its most vigorous: a large mixed with and that stands out and flows into , at times taking on an -like grain, thick with , the steel dark with a faint whitish . Over it he tempers a low or fine , the fraying into with and running, adhering, the tending toward and . The runs straight with to a or finishes . The published sources name him the roughest, most unruly forger of the whole Kyushu classical group, and note that his standing, flowing ground at times recalls the Naminohira of the region. Signed works are extremely few and carry an unusually large, bold ; most of his record is the given to him from era and school.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Bizen midare-utsuri (the bright reflection of Bizen steel)

unique vs tightly packed ko-itame of Yamashiro work

unique vs the bright, clear nioiguchi of his son O-Sa's Soshu manner

unique vs the clear, bright steel of Bizen and Yamashiro

Observation by phase

The Kyushu classical mainstream, carried to its most vigorous (his prevailing hand)

His prevailing manner, found alike on the rare signed pieces and on the given to him, is the classical Kyushu hand pushed to its most vigorous register. The forging is a large mixed with and that stands out () and flows into , becoming toward the edge, at times taking on an -like grain; thick scatters over it, enter, the steel takes on a dark, blackish tone and a faint whitish rises along the . Over that he tempers a low or fine , sometimes a with a hint of , the fraying into with , the tending toward and , adhering with and running frequently. The is straight or shallowly with , turning in a , deep , or finishing as ; through the blades a , at times with , is carved on both faces. The published sources call this a working range that scrupulously preserves the manner of the Kyushu classical group descending from Ryosai and Sairen, while singling out Jitsua as the roughest and most unruly forger within it, his standing, flowing ground at times recalling the Naminohira of the province.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The rare ubu signed tachi and tanto (his documentary anchor)

Beside the attributions stands his small body of signed work, the documentary anchor for the whole line and extremely few in number. These are , several broader in body than the slender constructions of Irinishi and Sairen, with thick , strong and a high even where shortened, the at times compact and -leaning; the two signed are slender, in orthodox form. On them the Kyushu manner appears: a large flowing standing out, thick with a whitish cast, a low with , , and , the straight with to a or . What sets the signed pieces apart is the signature itself, a two-character or three-character cut unusually large and bold near the , the strokes ordinary in form but the characters far larger than usual, so bold the published sources call it without parallel among other examples; the dated of Genko 3 and Kenmu 2 fix his period firmly and make this small register the standard against which his attributions are read.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources establish Jitsua's period from the surviving dated tachi of Genko 3 (1333) and Kenmu 2 (1335) and the Kareki 2 (1327) drawing in the old swordbooks, and record that he is transmitted variously as the grandfather or the father of Samonji while extant signed works, and signed tanto in particular, are extremely rare.

On both the ji and the ha the published sources find in his blades the temperament of Kyushu workmanship of this period, distinct also from Yamato work, with a distinctive regional coloration that is among the principal points of appreciation; they single him out as the roughest forger of the group and note that his standing, flowing ground at times recalls the Naminohira of the same province.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai1
Jūyō Bijutsuhin2
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken22

Elite Standing

0.27 across 27 designated works

Top 9% among smiths

Provenance

6 documented provenances across certified works by Jitsua

Provenance Standing

2 works held in elite collections across 6 documented provenances

Top 49% among smiths

Raw score: 1.98 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 27 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 27 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherSairen
Jitsua
Student
  1. 1.Sa左74designated

Chikuzen School

Other artisans of the Chikuzen school

  1. 1.Sairen西蓮44designated
  2. 2.Nyusai入西1designated
  3. 3.Ryosai良西1designated