Power sat in Kamakura, but taste was still made in Kyōto. The Awataguchi school’s pear-skin steel became a byword for perfection, and the Rai line supplied dignified tachi to the court, senior warriors, and the great temples alike.
NihontoWatchNihontoWatchSummary This blade is attributed to Joshu Sueyuki (城州末行), who was especially active during the late Kamakura period (1293-1299). Joshu is another name for Yamashiro province. He belonged to Ayanokoji school located in Yamashiro province (Today’s Kyoto prefecture). Ayanokoji school was founded by Sadatoshi (定利) during the mid-Kamakura period (1264-1275). The school’s name came from the fact that Sadatoshi lived in Ayanokoji city. Sueyuki was one of the prominent figures among those who belonged to this school. He forged blades with *Yamashiro Den tradition, one of the five Japanese sword-forging techniques. Yamashiro Den Yamashiro province was famous for its sword-making style called YAMASHIRO-DEN. YAMASHIRO-DEN’s origin dates back to the Heian period(794 A.D) when the capital city was moved from Nara to Kyoto. The swordsmiths in Yamashiro province initially prospered by forging swords for court nobles and imperial families. Later on, they also forged swords for feudal lords after Samurai military government took control of Japan. There are so many renowned swordsmiths from this region. It is said that the founder of YAMASHIRO-DEN was Sanjo Munechika. And there are four prestigious main branches in this region. They are Sanjo, Rai, Nobukuni, and Awataguchi. According to available records, Ayanokoji school had close ties with Sanjo branch. One of the characteristics of YAMASHIRO-DEN is its elegant design and beautiful Jigane (steel surface pattern). This blade represents a great trait of YAMASHIRO-DEN. We see what appears to be a Homare Kizu (誉疵), which tells us that this blade was used in a battle. Homare means honorable, and Homare Kizu is considered a good blade characteristic that tells us its history. It is appraised as a Tokubetsu Hozon Token(特別保存刀剣) issued by NBTHK(Nihon Bijutsu Touken Hozon Kyokai:日本美術刀剣保存協会). *Please keep in mind that there are a couple of Kitae Kizu on this blade. Fuchi-Kashira The Matsuba (松葉, pine needle) pattern is designed on this Fuchi Kashira. Golden paint (probably brass) is applied to these pine needles, and it makes an elegant color contrast of black and gold. There are also pine tree patterns, and both have been treated as auspicious motifs. Many Japanese people have admired the pine needle pattern because the roots of the two leaves are firmly connected and would not separate even if the leaves fall. Shoguns and Daimyos set their own patterns in the Edo period and called it the Sadame Mon (定め紋). Tokugawa Tsunayoshi (徳川 綱吉, 1680-1709), the 5th Shogun of the Edo Shogunate, used the Matsuba design for his Sadame Mon. Tsuka and Menuki Seeing from the gaps of the Tsukamaki thread, we estimate the motif of each Menuki is a bouquet. Each of them is designed with a combination of different plants. The same as the Fuchi Kashira, golden paint is applied here and adds decorativeness to the Menukis. Although we cannot see the entire shape and details, every detail seems to have been carefully sculpted. Tsuba and Habaki This antique iron Tsuba has Kozuka and Kougai holes. You would find the figures of two people on the front, and perhaps two dogs are running after them. They were apparently traveling along a mountain path, and we could see a series of mountains and a building in the distance. We are unsure about who they are and the exact theme of this Tsuba’s design. However, such portraits (or what we would call landscape paintings in this case) have been incorporated into many sword mountings. We assume that this is one of the popular categories. Saya *Please keep in mind that there are traces of restoration on this Saya and there are remaining damage due to its age. Authentication Paper They authenticated the blade on Feb 19th in the 3rd year of Reiwa (2021). They appraised it as Tokubetsu Hozon Touken, the blade especially worth preserving for Japanese society.
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Yamashiro-den · Yamashiro · around 1303-1306
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Sueyuki is the Ayanokoji smith of Kyoto whom the reference works place around the Einin era of the late Kamakura period. The published sources note that the meikan list smiths of the name in several lineages, the Ayanokoji, Senjuin, Taima, Ko-Bizen and Ko-Aoe, and they assign his blades to the Ayanokoji group from the workmanship of jigane and hamon and from the manner of the signature. They describe his work as inheriting the style of the Ayanokoji line represented by Sadatoshi, archaic and refined, and on one tachi they connect the quality of the jiba and the bearing to Sadayoshi of the same group, so that the blade 「銘鑑に言う「綾小路定利門・永仁頃」に該当するものとみられる」, a follower of Ayanokoji Sadatoshi of around Einin. Of the signed work they write that 「現存する在銘作は少なく貴重である」.
His tachi are long and elegant in shape. They are shinogi-zukuri with iori-mune, of standard or wide mihaba, the width narrowing clearly from moto to saki, with a high koshizori that continues toward the point, and on the unsigned ubu tachi funbari and a ko-kissaki; the signed tachi end in a chu-kissaki. The forging is an itame, tending to stand, mixed with mokume and on one blade with o-itame and a jifu-like grain, the ji-nie adhering in fine, dense particles. A standing utsuri recurs, nie-utsuri on two blades and jifu-utsuri on the third, and the published sources take the fine, thick ji-nie with its nie-utsuri as typical of Kyo-mono.
The temper is founded on suguha or a broad suguha-cho, varied with small-patterned elements set close together: ko-midare, ko-gunome, ko-choji-like forms and shallow notare, with ashi and yo entering. The nie-covered habuchi frays finely into hotsure, and on the ubu tachi small tobiyaki and yubashiri gather along it until it reads in places like nijuba[[c:1]], with Kyo saka-ashi here and there. Fine kinsuji and sunagashi run through the hamon and the nioiguchi is bright. The boshi runs straight, turning in a small round with a short return, or enters as notare-komi tending to yakizume[[c:2]]; on the broad tachi it is straight with urumi[[c:3]].
Each of the three designated tachi is read for a particular feature. The signed tachi designated in 1993 is broad, with a deep curvature in the manner of wazori, and the published sources appraise it as Kyo work because that curvature and the irregularities of its temper, which slant in reverse toward the point, differ from Bizen and Bicchu production. The signed tachi of 2012, long and with a high koshizori, is in their words 「同作中でも比較的小互の目の目立つ一口」, and its fine ji-nie raises a standing nie-utsuri while its ha-nie lie thick and lustrous. The unsigned tachi of 2014 keeps its ubu tang, which the published sources call very precious, and because its restrained, mellow midare shows fresh touches in places, they judge it the work within the group 「同派中の末行に最も鑑すべきもの」.
Sueyuki has three designated works on record, all Juyo tachi, two signed and one unsigned. The signed tachi of 1993 is traditionally said to have belonged to the Mizoguchi family, lords of the Shibata domain. No Fujishiro grade or Toko Taikan rating is recorded for him.
Where Sueyuki stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
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Yamashiro-den · Yamashiro
10 pieces on the market now
The Ayanokoji school (綾小路) takes its name from the swordsmiths who lived along Ayanokoji street in the Shijo quarter of Kyoto, and the published sources count it, with Awataguchi and Rai, among the three lineages of Yamashiro-den smiths of the Kamakura period. Its founder is Sadatoshi (定利), whose dating the old registers do not settle: the Noami Meizukushi places him around Hoji (1247-48) and the Kokon Kaji Meizukushi around Bun'ei (1264-75), while one tradition relates that he was on friendly terms with Rai Kuniyuki[[c:3]], the two even producing substitute works for one another as demand required. The registers list further names (Sukesada, Sadaie, Sueyuki, Tadaie, a second Sadatoshi written with different characters) yet of these only Sadatoshi survives in signed work, and within the school the sole other attested hand is his son Sadayoshi (定吉), recorded as working in the Kyoto manner near the home of Rai Kuniyuki. The make of everything extant carries an archaic cast that recalls the older Kyo-mono of the Sanjo and Gojo groups[[c:1]], an elegance calling Awataguchi Kuniyasu to mind, and from this the NBTHK appraises the smiths as going back earlier than the conventional view[[c:2]]. The shared Ayanokoji vocabulary rests first in the ground: a well-knit ko-itame, in places mixed with nagare or a slightly standing itame, with fine ji-nie lying thick, fine chikei, and a nie-utsuri that stands out, the jigane at its best taking on a moist, viscous quality. The classic tachi-sugata is slender, the taper from base to tip marked, the koshizori high with funbari, closing in a ko-kissaki. Across the school the temper is a small-pattern midare, a ko-midare mixed with ko-choji and ko-gunome over a suguha tone, the undulations close-set and intricately complex[[c:4]], with ashi and yo entering frequently, ko-nie adhering, and fine kinsuji and sunagashi running through; this is a Bizen-like, choji-laden temper laid upon a Yamashiro ji. Two further tells recur. Along the yakigashira, smaller patches of yaki with yubashiri, uchi-noke, and tobiyaki appear in dotted succession and build an effect akin to nijuba[[c:5]]; and the nioiguchi clouds softly, an urumi quality the published record names one of the school's viewing points.
The boshi continues the temper quietly with hakikake[[c:6]], at times taking a flame-like appearance, finishing yakizume, or entering midare-komi with a small ko-maru return. Sadatoshi anchors this manner, while Sadayoshi transmits it faithfully, his ground denser and more tenacious and his suguha-based ha mixing Kyo-style saka-ashi; a minority of Sadatoshi blades depart toward a brighter, urumi-free nioiguchi led by choji, a make the sources read toward the younger Kuniyuki. To kantei an Ayanokoji blade is to read its particular blend: the tightly packed small-pattern midare, the dotted nijuba effect along the yakigashira, and the softly clouded nioiguchi, set upon a fine ko-itame with conspicuous nie-utsuri. That combination separates the school from its Kyoto neighbors. Against Rai, the Ayanokoji ji is more archaic and its nioiguchi softer, where Rai runs brighter and clearer; against Ichimonji, the choji sits smaller and more intricate, carried on a suguha tone rather than the exuberant flamboyant choji of Bizen, and the Yamashiro forging keeps the ground close and nie-laden. The signed tachi bear a two-character mei with the character Sada cut large in a cursive manner and the second character smaller, set low on the nakago, a placement the sources note even where the signature avoids the groove; most signed blades are suriage, an ubu nakago is rare, and the o-suriage mumei katana are appraised by the same rules. Sadatoshi stands well above his school, Fujishiro grading him Jo-jo saku and Honma judging the National Treasure tachi in the Tokyo National Museum the finest of all he had examined, while Sadayoshi remains an exceedingly rare hand of scholarly weight. Recorded provenance runs through the Kishu Tokugawa, the Shimazu of Sadowara, the Maeda, the Matsudaira, and the Meiji statesman Ito Miyoji, with patrimony held by Hie Jinja and Ise Jingu; a signed Ayanokoji tachi comes to the market only rarely, and is a landmark for Yamashiro connoisseurship when it does. Learn more →
| Smith | Era | Designated |
|---|---|---|
| Sadatoshi定利 | 1232-1233 | 42 |
| Sueyuki末行 | 1303-1306 | 3 |
| Sadanari定業 | 1278-1288 | 0 |
| Sadanori定則 | 1299-1302 | 0 |
| Kuninobu國信 | 1334-1338 | 0 |
Yamashiro in the Kamakura period
Power sat in Kamakura, but taste was still made in Kyōto. The Awataguchi school’s pear-skin steel became a byword for perfection, and the Rai line supplied dignified tachi to the court, senior warriors, and the great temples alike.
A Hozon-certified blade judged to show notably superior workmanship and a better state of preservation. The bar is higher: re-tempered blades and most unsigned Muromachi/Edo works are excluded.
The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.
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