NihontoWatch MonNihontoWatchBETA
MarketEncyclopedia
NihontoWatch Mon

NihontoWatchBETA

Market
Encyclopedia
Overview·Kantei·Honors·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiHonorsDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Tegai
  3. Ko-Tegai
  4. Kanenaga

Tegai Kanenaga

包永

Tokujū
Vol. 9, No. 9 · Katana

Tegai Kanenaga

包永

67 ranked works

享保名物帳
ProvinceYamatoErac. 1288–1312PeriodKamakuraSchoolTegaiTraditionYamato-denGeneration1stFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeKAN211
1Kokuhō
5Jūyō Bunkazai
9Jūyō Bijutsuhin
3Gyobutsu
8Tokubetsu Jūyō41Jūyō Tōken

Overview

For Kanenaga (包永) of Yamato the published commentary of the returns, blade after blade, to one standing judgment: his manner "is the strongest in among Yamato works, the bright, and the notably clear" (大和物の中では最も沸の強い), and beside the , the figure: "many of his blades present a dignified figure of high bearing" (凜然として格調の高い). He is the founder of the school, one of the five lineages of Yamato, which resided and forged outside the (転害門), the west main gate of Todai-, thought to have served the temple. The reference works place him around the Shoo era (1288 to 1293), but the published sources repeatedly argue he goes back further: a dated Karyaku 4 (1329) survives by Kanekiyo of the second generation's circle, and his own workmanship points earlier, so his activity is read from the middle into the late period. The name was then carried by successive generations into the period.

The construction leads in his work. The stands high and the is cut wide, and nearly everything surviving is a of standard width, keeping its and closing in a . The is a bent in shallow , mixing in, the deep; along the the edge frays into , with , and , drifting into the , and running through the . What the sources single out within this activity is the itself, especially strong compared with the other schools: "beautiful that is rounded and lustrous" (つぶらで輝きのある美しい沸). The continues , strongly swept with , ending or turning back small in .

The is , mixed with in places, flowing along the and tending toward , with thick , entering frequently, and the steel bright and clear. Around the the often widens and the abruptly strengthens. Some blades temper the and differently, the trait typified by the Konotegashiwa Kanenaga (児手柏包永). The record also documents a quieter class, blades in a quiet, low-tempered styling (焼きの低い穏やかな直刃仕立て), at times narrowing to . One such , bearing the red-lacquer attribution of Honami Koson and transmitted at Nagono Shrine, is read as "a comparatively calm type among Kanenaga's works" (穏やかな部類の包永); even there the thick , the and the round, shining carry the attribution.

His work survives in two registers. Comparatively many signed remain, the sources note, nearly all with the two-character left at the tip of the ; the pieces are counted at a mere two. The signature itself is a documented tell: the character compressed vertically, the second vertical stroke of Naga drawn out extremely long. To the doubt sometimes raised over their near-uniform state the answers that shortening like yields like : it "does not warrant suspicion" (不審とするに足りない). The other register is the attributed to him, where appears far more often than on the signed blades and the judgment rides on the quality of the : of one such blade the published record writes that on close inspection it surpasses typical work, the conspicuously deeper and the gleaming thick (通常の手掻以上に一際匂深く光美しい刃沸が厚くつき); of another, that its workmanship connects directly to his signed works. The blades gathered here are the founder's: the second generation, of the period, is catalogued separately, and the later generations part company readily, their steel turning generally whitish (白けごころ) and the tightening toward , against the founder's bright, heavy .

Within Yamato the name set beside his is Shikkake Norinaga, and the separation runs along Kanenaga's own line: he holds the through its shallow , his never stringing into connected rows, and he lets , and play above the with unusual freedom. The judgments reach beyond the province. Honma observed of the first generation's that "at times one sees brilliant, sparkling of the kind observed in Hisakuni" (まま粟田口久国に見るような輝く沸を見る), and the eighth session writes of one signed that its beautifully shining rivals the upper masters (相州上工). Of a shogunal-gift the record concludes simply that it is "outstanding among his works" (同作中の白眉である).

Kanenaga is rated Jo-jo by Fujishiro, and sixty-seven designated works stand on record, among them one National Treasure, five Important Cultural Properties, nine Bijutsuhin, eight and forty-one . These upper tiers are patrimony, held in shrines, museums and long-private collections, never to trade; recorded holders include the Tokyo National Museum, Himeji Jinja, Shijonawate Jinja, the Sano Art Museum and the Tokugawa Art Museum. The provenance is deep, twenty-five blades carrying a recorded history. One went from the shogun Tokugawa Ieshige to Mizuno Izumi-no-kami Tadayuki and later to Inukai Bokudo; another from Tokugawa Ienari to Sakai Tadanori of Himeji. A signed bears the gold-inlaid possessor mark of Honda Heihachiro Tadatame, that is Tadatoki, husband of Senhime; the folded-back- of the Ishikawa family is transmitted as Horio Mosuke's; a carries a gold-inlaid cutting test of Tenna 2 (1682), four bodies severed. The rolls extend to the Date and Hachisuka families and the Imperial Family. For a collector the realistic field is the and tiers, forty-nine blades in all. Signed pieces are unusually numerous for so early a smith, eighteen against ten attributions here, yet a with the two-character changes hands rarely; what the market more often shows is the attribution, judged, as the published sources always judge it, on the round and lustrous .

Kantei

one prime Tegai manner carried in signed and den-mumei registers, plus a documented subdued low-suguha register; the explicit Nanbokucho nidai blades are catalogued separately (KAN212)

Kanenaga, founder of the Tegai school that worked outside the Tegaimon, the west gate of Todai-ji, is read by the NBTHK as the strongest nie smith of all Yamato. The Meikan put him at Shoo (1288 to 1293), but the sources repeatedly argue he goes back further. His tachi stands dignified, the shinogi high and the shinogi-ji wide; the jigane is itame flowing toward masame along the ha, with thick ji-nie and chikei; the hamon a suguha-cho in shallow notare with ko-gunome, hotsure, uchinoke, nijuba and yubashiri, deep in nioi and laden with round, lustrous nie; the boshi runs sugu, swept with hakikake into yakizume.

Diagnostic discriminators

57% of his works · 1.9× vs Shikkake Norinaga

25% of his works · 2.8× vs Shikkake Norinaga

unique vs Shikkake Norinaga and Hoki Yasutsuna

the shodai signature standard, documented at Tokubetsu Juyo; 29 blades in the corpus carry the two-character mei

Observation by phase

The Kanenaga manner (Tegai prime)

The construction leads: shinogi high and shinogi-ji wide, the figure dignified, mostly suriage tachi of standard width with a chu-kissaki. The jigane is itame, flowing to masame along the ha, ji-nie thick, chikei entering, the steel clear. The hamon is suguha-cho in shallow notare, ko-gunome mixing, the edge fraying into hotsure with uchinoke, kuichigai-ba, nijuba and yubashiri, kinsuji and sunagashi running, deep in nioi and brilliantly nie-laden, among it the round, lustrous nie the sources single out. The boshi is sugu, strongly swept, ending yakizume or in a small turnback. Where Shikkake Norinaga, the other great Yamato name, runs to connected gunome (gunome 84 percent, tsure-gokoro 22 percent in his corpus), Kanenaga keeps the suguha base (gunome 46 percent, tsure-gokoro absent) and shows yubashiri nearly three times as often.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Den: o-suriage mumei katana, attributed on the nie
Signed: suriage tachi, the two-character mei left at the nakago tip

The subdued register: quiet, low-tempered suguha

A recurring minority register the NBTHK names against his usual work: a quiet, low-tempered suguha styling, at times hoso-suguha, the nioi deeper than commonly seen and the temper restrained, which the sources call the quiet class of Kanenaga. Even here the thick ji-nie, the chikei and the round brilliant nie carry the attribution.

Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The Meikan date him to Shoo (1288 to 1293), but the NBTHK repeatedly argues he goes back further, from his workmanship and construction and from the Karyaku 4 (1329) tanto of Kanekiyo, who is said to be a son, or a pupil, of the second generation.

Nearly all signed tachi are suriage with the two-character mei left at the nakago tip; the published record counts the ubu pieces at two, and Honma noted three seen, two of them retempered.

The NBTHK dismisses the doubt sometimes raised over the uniform suriage state of his signed tachi: shortening like tachi end in like nakago, and there is nothing suspicious in it.

Some of his blades temper the omote and the ura differently, the trait the Konotegashiwa made famous; one mumei attribution likewise notes a slight difference of workmanship between the two sides.

Honors

享保名物帳Kyōhō Meibutsu Chō (Catalog of Celebrated Blades)

Recorded (meibutsu Konotegashiwa Kanenaga)

The Hon'ami family's catalog of celebrated blades (名物) presented to shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune in Kyōhō 4 (1719). Records ~274 blades of Heian–Nanbokuchō manufacture (168 extant + ~80 burned + ~26 later additions), grouped by smith with valuations and provenance. This honor tags smiths whose work is recorded in the catalog; the detail field carries per-smith counts where the published tally is exact, or 所載 + named blades where only inclusion is verified.

Designations

Kokuhō1
Jūyō Bunkazai5
Jūyō Bijutsuhin9
Gyobutsu3
Tokubetsu Jūyō8
Jūyō Tōken41

Elite Standing

0.88 across 67 designated works

Top 3% among smiths

Provenance

39 documented provenances across certified works by Kanenaga

Provenance Standing

17 works held in elite collections across 39 documented provenances

Top 7% among smiths

Raw score: 2.74 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 67 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 67 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Kanenaga
Students (10)
  1. 1.Shigekuni重國3 for sale59designated
  2. 2.Kanenaga包永5designated
  3. 3.Kanetoshi包俊4designated
  4. 4.Kanemitsu包光1designated
  5. 5.Kanetsugu兼次4designated
  6. 6.Kanezane包眞1designated
  7. 7.Kanetoshi包利2designated
  8. 8.Kaneyoshi包吉2designated
  9. 9.Kanehisa包久1designated
  10. 10.Kanekiyo包清1designated

Tegai School

Other artisans of the Tegai school

  1. 1.Kanekiyo包清8designated
  2. 2.Kanenaga包永5designated
  3. 3.Kanetsugu包次4designated
  4. 4.Kanetoshi包俊4designated
  5. 5.Kanezane包眞3designated
  6. 6.Kanekiyo包清2 for sale3designated
  7. 7.Kanetomo包友1 for sale1designated
  8. 8.Kanesada包貞1designated
  9. 9.Kanetsugu包次1designated
  10. 10.Kaneyoshi包吉2designated
  11. 11.Kanekuni包國3 for sale2designated
  12. 12.Kaneuji包氏2designated