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  3. Yasuyo

Satsuma Yasuyo

安代

Tokujū
Vol. 14, No. 42 · Katana

Satsuma Yasuyo

安代

20 ranked works

ProvinceSatsumaEraKyoho (1716–1736)PeriodEdoSchoolSatsumaTraditionYamato-denFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYAS573
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
2Gyobutsu
4Tokubetsu Jūyō13Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Ippei Yasuyo, common name Tamaoki Koichi, was the eldest son of the Satsuma smith Ippei Yasusada, born in Enpo 8 (1680). The published sources record that he learned forging first under his father and then under Yamato no Kami Yasukuni of the main Naminohira line, and that in the first month of Kyoho 6 (1721) he was summoned together with Masakiyo by the eighth shogun Tokugawa Yoshimune to forge swords in . In recognition of his skill the bakufu permitted him to cut the single-leaf hollyhock crest into his tang, and on his return journey the court appointed him Shume no . He died in Kyoho 13 (1728) at the age of forty-nine, so that the great part of his recorded work falls into the narrow span of years between the summons and that early death. The institutional verdict on him is consistent and almost formulaic across his designations: he and Masakiyo are 'the twin pillars of Satsuma ' (正清と並んで薩摩新刀の双璧).

That pairing carries within it the contrast by which his hand is recognized. Where Masakiyo favored a varied, -like that mixes with and pointed , the published sources record that 'Yasuyo more often tempered a calm, -toned ' (安代は穏やかなのたれ調の直刃を多く焼いている). His characteristic temper is a , or a wide , that undulates in shallow , deep in , the laid on thick and strong with coarse mixed through it. The feature the judges return to is what runs inside that quiet line: vigorous together with long and , the streaming -lines the sources name 'the so-called imozuru of Satsuma' (いわゆる薩摩の芋蔓と称される沸筋), the yam-vine of the province. On his finest blades these run especially long and are called splendid, the activity in both and richer than usual.

Beneath that temper the is a tightly packed , at times mixed with or flowing toward , with thick and entering, and a steel that takes on a markedly blackish tone. Against that dark the bright and coarse of the edge stand out, which is much of why a Yasuyo blade reads as it does. The is essentially straight and turns back in an or a , the point swept with , on the deeper-tempered pieces vigorous enough to take a flame-like cast. His is the other half of the impression: broad in the , thick in the with ample and a , heavy in the hand and frankly imposing, and almost always preserved with a deep , file marks and a long signature.

Within this one settled manner the published sources draw two finer registers. A small number of his blades lean toward , the flowing and the raised a little, and on one such the judges read the whole as 'workmanship that recalls the Yamato Hosho tradition' (大和保昌伝を見るような出来) and name it a representative piece; the Naminohira and Yamato roots of his training surface there in the standing grain. At the other end of his career, an early cut with a four-character signature below the peg-hole is identified as a formative work, and the sources note that such early pieces are comparatively few and valuable for understanding how his style began. The continuity matters more than the divisions: the is constant, read once over a calm and once over a more standing, -tinged .

What sets him apart is exactly what the judges name, and it is best read through his own work rather than against his neighbor's. His is the quiet of the Satsuma pair, its strength carried not in the height of the temper but in the depth of its , the thickness of its , and the long imozuru threads that course through it; his is dark and well forged, his broad and robust. Of one the published commentary writes that it is 'his masterpiece, showing outstanding workmanship among his works' (同作中抜群な出来映えを示した彼の傑作), the kind of judgment the sources reserve for the pieces in which the deep , the thick and the running all come together on a grand, sound body.

For the collector Yasuyo is one of the most sought names in Satsuma , and his record is almost wholly a signed one, twenty of his designated blades carrying his own inscription. Fujishiro grades him Jo-jo . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his standing rests instead on four pieces at the rank and thirteen at , with a further prewar Bijutsuhin, seventeen blades in the and tiers in all. The provenance is unusually grand for a smith: the sources record blades presented from the Shimazu house upward, one presented by Shimazu Tsugutoyo to the shogun Yoshimune, another 'presented by the Shimazu family to Konoe Sadaijin Iehisa' (島津家より近衛左大臣家久に献上), whose household prized it so highly that it sent Yasuyo silver and a set of poems in return. Imperial, Shimazu, Konoe and Tokugawa names run through his . Almost none of this trades; the designated blades are held in long-established collections, and a signed Ippei Yasuyo comes to a private collector only seldom, and as one of the more rewarding Satsuma encounters when it does.

Kantei

one Satsuma shinto manner read through its signature traits: a notare-toned suguha or wide suguha over a tight blackish ko-itame, deep in nioi and thick nie with ara-nie, carrying the running imozuru nie-lines (sunagashi, long nie-suji, kinsuji) the school is known for, on a broad robust body almost always ubu and signed; with two minor registers, the prime nie-rich notare-suguha and an occasional masame-leaning, Yamato Hosho-recalling face

Ippei Yasuyo, common name Tamaoki Koichi, was the eldest son of Ippei Yasusada, born in Enpo 8 (1680); he learned forging first under his father and then under Yamato no Kami Yasukuni of the main Naminohira line, and in Kyoho 6 (1721) was summoned with Masakiyo to forge for the eighth shogun Yoshimune in Edo, after which the bakufu permitted him to cut the single-leaf hollyhock crest on his tang and the court appointed him Shume no Suke. He and Masakiyo are the twin pillars of Satsuma shinto, and the published sources draw the contrast that defines him: where Masakiyo favors a varied Shizu-like midareba mixing notare with gunome and pointed togariba, Yasuyo more often tempers a calm notare-toned suguha. Over a tightly packed ko-itame with thick ji-nie, chikei and a blackish steel, he sets a suguha-cho or wide suguha that undulates in shallow notare, the nioi deep, the nie thick with ara-nie mixed, and through it run vigorous sunagashi and long nie-suji and kinsuji, the streaming Satsuma nie-lines the sources call imozuru, the boshi running straight to an o-maru or a hakikake point. His body is broad and thick with ample hiraniku, robust and imposing, and his surviving work is almost all signed, the great part of it dating to the years between his Edo summons and his early death in Kyoho 13 (1728) at forty-nine.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs the Satsuma name for it, used of his kinsuji/nie-suji

unique vs Masakiyo, the varied Shizu-like midareba (the other Satsuma pillar)

Observation by phase

His characteristic hand: the notare-toned suguha with imozuru

The recurring portrait the published sources give of Yasuyo is a suguha-cho or broad suguha that undulates in shallow notare, deep in nioi, the nie thick and strong with ara-nie mixed, and through it vigorous sunagashi together with long nie-suji and kinsuji, the streaming nie-lines known in Satsuma as imozuru, the yam-vine. The jigane beneath is a well-packed ko-itame, at times mixed with ko-mokume or flowing toward nagare, with thick ji-nie and chikei, the steel taking on a blackish tone. The body is broad and stoutly built, the kasane thick with ample hiraniku and a chu-kissaki, often heavy in the hand and imposing. The boshi runs essentially straight and turns back in an o-maru or ko-maru, the point swept with hakikake, sometimes deep enough to take a flame-like kaen cast. On his finest pieces both ji and ha are bright and clear and the activity richer than usual, the long-running kinsuji and nie-suji the feature the judges single out as splendid. The nakago is almost always ubu with a deep kurijiri and higaki file marks, signed with a long signature, several carrying the single-leaf hollyhock crest the bakufu permitted.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The masame-leaning, Yamato Hosho-recalling face

less firmly established

A smaller share of his work leans toward masame and standing grain, the itame flowing and tending to nagare with the hada a little raised, over which the suguha-notare frets into hotsure with sunagashi and kinsuji. On one such Juyo katana the published sources read the whole as work that recalls the Yamato Hosho tradition and name it a representative piece, the Naminohira and Yamato roots of his training showing through. The face is continuous with his prime hand rather than separate from it, the same nie-deki suguha read against a more standing, masame-tinged jigane.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The published sources frame Yasuyo by a single recurring contrast: he and Masakiyo are the twin pillars (soheki) of Satsuma shinto, but where Masakiyo specialises in a varied Shizu-like midareba, Yasuyo more often tempers a calm notare-toned suguha. This contrast is repeated across nearly every entry and is the spine of his connoisseurship.

One Juyo katana with a strong masame tendency is read by the published sources as workmanship that recalls the Yamato Hosho tradition, and named a representative work, the Naminohira and Yamato roots of his training surfacing in the standing grain.

An early Juyo katana cut with a four-character signature below the mekugi-ana is identified by the published sources as a work from his formative years, early works by Yasuyo being comparatively few and valuable as material for understanding his early manner.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu2
Tokubetsu Jūyō4
Jūyō Tōken13

Elite Standing

0.25 across 20 designated works

Top 9% among smiths

Provenance

10 documented provenances across certified works by Yasuyo

Provenance Standing

7 works held in elite collections across 10 documented provenances

Top 11% among smiths

Raw score: 2.45 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 20 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 20 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Yasuyo
Student
  1. 1.Yasuari安在4designated

Satsuma School

Other artisans of the Satsuma school

  1. 1.Motohira元平11 for sale38designated
  2. 2.Masayuki正幸4 for sale27designated
  3. 3.Masakiyo正清26designated
  4. 4.Masayoshi正良1 for sale10designated
  5. 5.Yasuari安在4designated
  6. 6.Masakage正景3designated
  7. 7.Kunihira國平3designated
  8. 8.Masafusa正房3designated
  9. 9.Masafusa正房1 for sale1designated
  10. 10.Sukehira祐平1designated
  11. 11.Fuji富士1designated
  12. 12.Kageyoshi景吉1designated