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Overview·Kantei·Designations·Provenance·Blade Forms·Signatures·Lineage·School
OverviewKanteiDesignationsProvenanceBlade FormsSignaturesLineageSchool
  1. Schools
  2. Yoshii
  3. Kiyonori

Yoshii Kiyonori

清則

Jūyō
Vol. 34, No. 69 · Wakizashi

Yoshii Kiyonori

清則

9 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraEikyo (1429–1441)PeriodMuromachiSchoolYoshiiTraditionBizen-denGeneration2ndTeacherKiyonoriFujishiroChu sakuTypeSwordsmithCodeKIY373
1Gyobutsu
8Jūyō Tōken

Overview

A by Kiyonori dated Hotoku 1, the tenth month of 1449, carries the full signature Province Yoshii Fujiwara Kiyonori, naming at once the man, his family and his school. Kiyonori is a smith of the Yoshii group working through the middle period, his dated blades running from Eikyo 3 in 1431 across the Kakitsu, Bun'an, Hotoku and Kyotoku years into the later 1450s. The signature compendia record him as the second to bear the name, a son of Yoshinori of the Yoshii line, and note that he later moved to Izumo. His work is the textbook face of a lineage that holds an unusual place in late history. The Yoshii group is traditionally said to have begun with Tamenori in the late period, though works that far back are exceedingly rare; pieces no later than the are classed as , and the production simply as Yoshii. While the other branches were drawn into , the Yoshii alone kept apart with a manner of their own, and Kiyonori is among the named, dated hands by which that manner is read.

The feature that fixes him is a small linked in a regular, continuous run. The published sources put it plainly, that this lineage's style lies above all in a temper of connecting in an orderly sequence, 「小互の目が規則的に連れる」, and Kiyonori's blades carry it as their spine. Over a standing he tempers the row in , mixing pointed and angular elements that give it a character, the temper running slightly near the base, with entering and a soft, bright . On his finest dated the temper takes on and a -like patch in the upper half, the row of small running the length of the blade in the even, repeating cadence the school made its signature. It is this orderly linking, not flamboyance or scale, that distinguishes a Yoshii blade, and Kiyonori's hand renders it cleanly. His are cut with a habit the sources count among the school tells, many strokes driven in reverse against the chisel, so that even the signature carries a Yoshii mark.

The beneath the temper is a tight mixed with , standing somewhat in the grain, with fine densely applied and entering. Across it Kiyonori raises the that is the school's other great hallmark, a reflection so particular that the published sources describe it as if the very form of the hardened edge were projected straight into the , 「その刃文の形をそのまま地に映し出したような、一派特有の映り」. On the typical blades this stands prominently, echoing the shape of the temper above it rather than drifting as an ordinary reflection would. The shape carrying this and is a with , standard in width with a clear taper toward the point, the somewhat thick, the rather deep with added and a , a carved on both faces and stopped at the base. The enters in and turns in , at times with a slightly pointed tendency or a Jizo-like return, following the irregularity of the temper into the point rather than resolving it.

Kiyonori is not confined to one register. The published sources name a second face within the Yoshii record, a narrow carrying only a slight admixture of small , and he works it cleanly. A Kyotoku is built in with , the a tight with and a distinct , the temper a narrow with a little and . A Bun'an is , wide and slightly extended with almost no curvature, the a well-forged of whitish tone, the temper again a narrow mixed with slight , with small and and a , carved on the front within the with a relief . The published sources read this not as a departure but as the other documented facet of the school style, the calm half of a hand whose louder half is the linked . His blades are also closely datable, the inscriptions spanning more than two decades, which the sources value as fine documentary material for studying the smith.

Within this body of work one blade stands apart, a Bun'an the published sources single out as his high point. Its forging is fine, a tight mixed with and interwoven with and , raising a standing , and the temper a with that becomes somewhat reverse-slanting, with . The sources judge it well forged and, for a Yoshii work of the period, unusually well covered in , holding that but for its proportions its workmanship approaches the range of itself, 「脇指姿の点を除けば古吉井の作域にせまる出来ばえで見事である」. Most of his record is the plainer, repeating production that makes the school recognizable, but in his best moments his hand reaches back toward the older, finer Yoshii standard. The conspicuous representative works, with their thick , soft and reverse-chisel , the sources call the typical Yoshii blade in which the school's character shows most clearly, 「銘字には逆鏨を多用しているなど、吉井派の特色が顕著に表れた典型作」, while this one shows how far that character could be pushed. His bright , linked and reverse-chisel signature set his work apart within , holding a distinct line where the surrounding lineages were absorbed into .

Kiyonori's standing is that of a documented master rather than a famed name, his record sitting entirely at the Important Sword rank, with Fujishiro grading his work chu-. Eight of his blades are designated , papered across sessions from the fifteenth in 1967 to the sixty-seventh in 2021, a span showing his work recognized steadily over half a century of ; none stand above that tier, with no National Treasure or Important Cultural Property among them. They are and both, all signed and most dated, so a buyer encounters a smith who can be placed to the year, which for a hand is part of the appeal. Of recorded whereabouts one of his is held by Yasukuni Shrine, the rest in private and collectors' hands. A signed, dated Yoshii Kiyonori is not beyond reach in the way a great blade is; examples come to market from time to time, and for a collector drawn to the linked and reflected of late , one of his dated is among the more attainable ways to hold the Yoshii manner in its clearest form.

Kantei

one Yoshii hand read across its two documented registers and its peak: the school-typical tsure ko-gunome over a standing itame and the school's own midare-utsuri, the quieter suguha mixed with small gunome that the sources name as the group's other facet, and the nie-rich, reverse-chisel signed tachi the NBTHK calls a conspicuous Yoshii type approaching Ko-Yoshii

Kiyonori is a Yoshii smith of the middle period, signing Fujiwara Kiyonori and, on his fullest , Province Yoshii Fujiwara Kiyonori, with dated work running across the Eikyo, Kakitsu, Bun'an, Hotoku and Kyotoku eras from 1431 into the 1450s. The signature compendia place him as the second-generation Kiyonori, transmitted as a son of Yoshinori of the Yoshii line, recorded as later moving to Izumo. His work is the textbook face of the school the calls its typical style: over a tight that mixes in and and stands somewhat in the grain, with and , he raises the school's own , a so distinctive that the form of the temper seems projected straight into the , and across it he tempers a small linked in a regular, continuous sequence, mixing pointed and angular elements, with , , and a bright, soft . The enters in and turns in , at times pointed or Jizo-like. The published sources read his finest dated , which carry many reverse-chisel strokes in the signature, as conspicuous representative works of the Yoshii group, and judge one -laden to approach the range of itself.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs general Bizen midare-utsuri (form not reflected)

unique vs his ko-gunome temper (shared school feature)

Observation by phase

The linked ko-gunome (his typical Yoshii hand)

His recognized work is the school-typical face the published sources call the typical Yoshii style. The shape is a with , the standard with a clear taper from base to tip, the somewhat thick, the rather deep with added and a . Over a tight mixed with and , standing somewhat in the grain, with fine densely applied and entering, he raises the school's own , a in which the very form of the temper appears reflected into the . Across it he tempers a small linked in a regular, continuous sequence, mixing pointed and angular elements, becoming slightly near the base, with and , the soft and bright with , running and a -like feature entering the upper . The enters in and turns in , at times pointed or Jizo-like. On both sides he carves a terminated in or . The signature, cut rather small, is a long on his fullest pieces, and the published sources note that he uses many reverse-chisel strokes in cutting it, counting this among the Yoshii tells.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The narrow suguha (the school's other documented facet)

The published sources name a second facet within the Yoshii record, and Kiyonori works it: a narrow with only a slight admixture of small . The Kyotoku is with , standard in width and with , the ground a tight with and a distinct , the temper a narrow with a little and , the a shallow turning in . The Bun'an is , wide and slightly extended in proportion with almost no curvature, the ground a well-forged showing a whitish tone, the temper again a narrow mixed with slight , small entering, with and a . The sources present these as one face of the school style, well made, the facet and the facet being two sides of the Yoshii hand.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The nie-laden work approaching Ko-Yoshii

The published sources single out one Bun'an as Kiyonori's high point. Its ground is fine, a tight mixed with , interwoven with and , raising a standing -like appearance. The temper is a with that becomes somewhat reverse-slanting and irregular, with , the a shallow turning back with a slightly pointed tendency. The sources judge the forging fine and, for a Yoshii work of the period, unusually well covered with , holding that but for its proportions its workmanship approaches the artistic range of , and calling it splendid. This is the register in which his hand reaches toward the older, finer Yoshii standard rather than the plainer middle- production.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources record that the signature compendia place Kiyonori as the second generation of the name, transmitted as a son of Yoshinori of the Yoshii line, and note that he is recorded as later residing in Izumo, with other dated works surviving in the Kakitsu and Kyotoku eras described as of high skill.

On the typical work the published sources affirm the Yoshii hallmarks in both ji and ha, the linked ko-gunome and the school's own utsuri, and call the reverse-chisel signed tachi a conspicuous representative of the group, while granting that the suguha mixed with small gunome is the other documented facet of the same school style.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō—
Jūyō Tōken8

Elite Standing

0.05 across 9 designated works

Top 22% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Kiyonori

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 84% among smiths

Raw score: 1.82 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 9 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 9 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherKiyonori
Kiyonori
Student
  1. 1.Kiyonori清則9designated

Yoshii School

Other artisans of the Yoshii school

  1. 1.Kagenori景則6designated
  2. 2.Morinori盛則1 for sale4designated
  3. 3.Naganori永則4designated
  4. 4.Noritsuna則綱3designated
  5. 5.Yoshinori吉則2designated
  6. 6.Sanenori眞則2designated
  7. 7.Kagenori景則1designated
  8. 8.Kagenori景則1 for sale1designated
  9. 9.Masanori昌則1designated
  10. 10.Naganori長則2designated
  11. 11.Suenori末則1designated
  12. 12.Yoshinori吉則1designated