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Sukesada

祐定

Tokujū
Vol. 27, No. 26 · Katana

Sukesada

祐定

18 ranked works

ProvinceBizenEraTenmon (1532–1555)PeriodMuromachiSchoolOsafune>SukesadaTraditionBizen-denGeneration1stFujishiroJo-jo sakuTypeSwordsmithCodeSUK803
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Tokubetsu Jūyō16Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Genbei-no-jō Sukesada is one of the foremost personal-name hands of the late- house collectively called , the branch of the great Sukesada family identified not by the name alone but by a pair of qualities the published sources name again and again. Sukesada was the most prosperous of the late forges, signed by dozens of smiths, and the published commentary repeatedly draws the short list out of that crowd: among the many who took the name, those who added the titles Yosozaemon-no-jō, Hikobei-no-jō and this Genbei-no-jō are the most accomplished. Within that three, Genbei-no-jō is the calm and exacting hand. His earliest dated work falls in the Tenbun years and his production continues to the closing years of Tenshō, and the swordbooks separate the name into two generations a generation apart, the first placed in the Eishō era and the second carrying the signature through Eiroku, Genki and Tenshō. He is the master of the ordered, single, carefully made blade in an age otherwise given over to mass production.

The published sources fix him by two marks, and both are worth taking in his own words. The first is his forging: of him they write that he 「鍛錬の優れている事で定評があり」, "he has a long-established reputation for the excellence of his forging," and elsewhere that he is robust and that 「一般に豪壮で地がねがよく、直刃調の出来を得意としている」, "in general his blades are powerful, his is good, and he excels at -toned workmanship." The second mark is that . His characteristic temper is a bright, broad , -toned and shallowly undulating, into which he mixes , with and entering richly and adhering, the tightening or running bright and clear, and trailing through it and at times . It is the quiet face of , the foil to the open-waisted flamboyance of his senior Yosozaemon, and the published sources call the he was 「直刃調の刃文を得意とする」, the temper he made his specialty.

The is the constant beneath that temper, and it is the second half of his reputation made visible. He forges a well-packed , often within a broader , with fine settling in like dust, woven through, and frequently a faint standing near the ; on some blades a rises below the and the steel runs bright and clear. This is the forging the published sources call beautiful as his reputation would have it, the refinement that separates a custom-ordered Genbei-no-jō blade from the coarse run of the late forges. His blades are robust late- of the Eiroku and Tenshō type: lengthened well beyond the mid- norm, wide in body with little taper from base to point, thick in , deep in with and an extended , the tang made long for two-handed use. The runs straight or into a , deeply tempered, often with and a long turnback.

Against that calm prime stands a livelier register the published sources are careful to flag as exceptional. On a handful of his blades, and most often on the double-edged that the sources say are frequent in , he raises a high, varied temper built on a and double-structured , mixing and angular elements, and entering, with frequent and some that break the upper body into a partial , the bright. The judges note that is his usual manner, yet they hold that even when he tempers such a -flavored he does so with skill, the and alike bright and clear. The of Eiroku 1 shows the two faces at once: a broad base whose lower half breaks into , and a -like impression, an archaic flavor the published sources suggest he drew from older and Unrui work, so that it conveys depth even among his own pieces. Of this blade the commentary says 「源兵衛尉祐定の見どころが総体によく表出している」, "the points of interest of Genbei-no-jō Sukesada are well manifested throughout."

What sets him apart within the house is exactly this division of labour. Yosozaemon-no-jō leads the name in renown and breadth and is read by the open-waisted, double-structured that defines ; Genbei-no-jō stands just below, ranked beside Hikobei-no-jō, and is read instead by his bright and the refinement of his , which the published sources hold equal to the best of the name. He is also a smith of the documented, ordered blade. A notable share of his work bears an owner inscription beside the date, the or chūmon-uchi custom orders the published sources distinguish sharply from ordinary kazu-uchi-mono: such blades, they write, are executed with a care not comparable to the mass run, so that the workmanship of both and is superior, and the commentary is plain that 「かかる作刀があるからこそ、世上末備前の名声が高い」, that it is precisely because works of this kind exist that the name has earned its high esteem.

For the collector, Genbei-no-jō is a name one can actually study and, with patience, acquire. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through the tier, where he is well represented, with a single and a prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin at the top of it, some seventeen blades in the and tiers on this record. His blades carry their own provenance in their inscriptions rather than through famous houses: the Tenbun 23 bears the ownership name Koremune Tadayori, others the patrons Hara Yohei-no-jō and Miki Yoichibei, and the Jūyō Bijutsuhin was certified to Okano Tarōmatsu of Okayama in 1949. Because his dated, signed survive in fair number, a privately held example comes to market from time to time rather than once in a generation, and the commentary marks the finest of them in its own words, calling one the 「数ある源兵衛尉祐定中の屈指の優品」, "a peerless fine work among the many by Genbei-no-jō Sukesada." He is the rare late- name a serious collector can pursue with real hope of holding a signed, dated blade by a documented master hand.

Kantei

the Genbei-no-jo Sukesada hand read by its two named marks: excellent ko-itame forging and a bright hiro-suguha prime, set against the livelier koshi-biraki gunome and partial-hitatsura register the sources call skilled but exceptional, all carried on the robust dated uchigatana of Eiroku-Tensho Sue-Bizen, across the first and second generations the Meikan records

This is the Genbei-no-jo Sukesada (源兵衛尉祐定) branch of the late- house, kept distinct from the Yosozaemon-no-jo line that heads the name. Among the many smiths who signed Sukesada in the late , the published sources name three as the most accomplished, Yosozaemon-no-jo first and then Hikobei-no-jo and this Genbei-no-jo, and they identify Genbei-no-jo by two recurring marks: a long-standing reputation for excellence of forging and a particular skill in -toned tempering. His prime hand is a well-packed ground with fine and , often a faint , over which he tempers a bright, broad with abundant and , mixed in, adhering, the tightening or bright, with and . His blades are robust late- of the Eiroku-Tensho type, lengthened and thick with for two-handed use, the signature a long with a date and often a custom-order owner inscription. Orthogonal to the calm is a livelier register the sources single out, a and double-structured breaking into and a partial , which they say he carries with skill even though it is not his usual manner. The records two generations of Genbei-no-jo, the first dated to the Eisho era and the second working through Eiroku, Genki and into the closing years of Tensho.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Sue-Bizen baseline (gunome-midare dominant)

Observation by phase

The hiro-suguha prime (his named hallmark)

The recognized hand of Genbei-no-jo is the dated, long-signed of the Eiroku-Tensho years: lengthened beyond the mid- norm, wide in body with little width-taper, the thick, deep in with and an extended , the tang made long for two-handed use, and robust. The ground is a well-packed , often within , with fine adhering in , entering, and frequently a faint standing near the . Over it he tempers the manner the published sources name as his characteristic strength, a bright and broad , -toned and shallowly undulating, mixed with , and entering richly, adhering, the tightening or bright and clear, with and running and at times . The runs straight or into a , deeply tempered, with and a long turnback. The sources call the forging beautiful as its reputation would suggest, hold the -laden animated by and to be exemplary, and rank his finest of this kind among the outstanding works of all who signed Sukesada with a personal name.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The livelier koshi-biraki gunome and partial-hitatsura register

Orthogonal to the calm is the livelier manner the published sources flag as exceptional in his hand. Here the temper is high and varied, based on a that builds into a double-structured , mixed with , and angular elements, and entering, adhering, and running, frequent and some that break the upper body into a partial , the bright. The enters in with a pointed tendency. These appear most often on the and ryoha the sources call frequent among , and on a handful of his . The published sources note that he is most at home in , yet hold that even when he tempers a -flavored such as these he does so with skill, the and bright and clear, an assertive spirit in the work. Where the keeps a broad base, its lower half shows , and a -like impression, an archaic flavor the sources suggest he drew from older and Unrui work.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Two generations on dated, custom-order blades

less firmly established

Genbei-no-jo is among the names the published sources separate into two generations through the , the first placed in the Eisho era and the second working from Eiroku and Genki into the closing years of Tensho. His dated blades carry a long signature with the date on the reverse, and a notable share bear an owner inscription, the or chumon-uchi custom orders the sources say are executed with a care not comparable to ordinary kazu-uchi-mono, so that their and are superior and it is on such pieces that the school's name rests. The forms are the late- ones the house shares: the lengthened two-handed , the wide , and the double-edged with withered . The sources fix the Tensho 6 ryoha to the second generation through the , and read the rest by date, signature and quality, the finest of the unsigned-in-personal-name examples held to the hand.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The published sources record that among the many late-Muromachi Osafune smiths who signed Sukesada, those who added the titles Yosozaemon-no-jo, Hikobei-no-jo and Genbei-no-jo are the most accomplished, and that Genbei-no-jo is esteemed in particular for excellence of forging and for a special skill in suguha-toned tempering. They note that ordinary Sue-Bizen output includes many coarse kazu-uchi-mono, but that custom-ordered tameuchi blades surpass contemporaneous work of other provinces and are treasured, and it is by such pieces that the Sue-Bizen name is justified.

On the question of generations the published sources follow the Meikan, which records Genbei-no-jo as two smiths, the first placed in the Eisho era and the second in the Eiroku era, working from dated examples of the Tenbun years down to the closing years of Tensho. By this framework a Genki 3 katana and a Tensho 6 ryoha tanto are assigned to the second generation, and the unsigned-in-personal-name pieces are read by date, signature and quality rather than by a single personal tell.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken16

Elite Standing

0.12 across 18 designated works

Top 16% among smiths

Provenance

4 documented provenances across certified works by Sukesada

Provenance Standing

0 works held in elite collections across 4 documented provenances

Top 48% among smiths

Raw score: 2.00 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 18 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 18 ranked works

Currently Available

Sukesada School

Other artisans of the Sukesada school

  1. 1.Sukesada祐定6 for sale73designated
  2. 2.Sukesada祐定3 for sale8designated
  3. 3.Sukesada祐定5designated
  4. 4.Sukesada祐定1 for sale2designated
  5. 5.Sukesada祐定2designated
  6. 6.Sukesada祐定9 for sale2designated
  7. 7.Sukesada祐定1designated
  8. 8.Sukesada祐定3 for sale1designated
  9. 9.Sukesada祐定1designated
  10. 10.Sukesada祐定3 for sale2designated