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  1. Schools
  2. Senjuin
  3. Sukemitsu

Senjuin Sukemitsu

助光

Jūyō
Vol. 11, No. 22 · Tachi

Senjuin Sukemitsu

助光

6 ranked works

ProvinceYamatoEraKangen (1243–1247)PeriodKamakuraSchoolSenjuinTraditionYamato-denFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeSUK245
2Gyobutsu
1Tokubetsu Jūyō3Jūyō Tōken

Overview

Sukemitsu is a Yamato smith of the late period, recorded in the old signature compendia under the single line "Yamato, Shōan," and a in the Tokyo National Museum carries his written-out date of Shōan 3 (1301), the fixed point from which his small body of work is read. The published sources place him as the earliest of a group of Yamato smiths whose signatures lead with the character (Sukemitsu, Sukehei, Sukenobu, Sukeyoshi), running from the close of into the mid- period, and judge him, though no lineage is stated outright, most probably a smith of the Senjuin school. His name is one of 's standing confusions, because the Sukemitsu most widely known is Sukemitsu of the Yoshioka in ; the published commentary settles the matter on the signature itself, noting that the Yoshioka hand is never met with a two-character , and that "the signature too, a bold two-character , is entirely different from that of Yoshioka Sukemitsu" (銘も大振りの二字銘で吉岡一文字助光とは全く異っている).

His recognized typical work is the slender , with and a , where it survives whole, the large two-character 助光 cut above the in a thick, angular chisel. The tell of his hand is the temper: not the free clove-flower of the school whose name he shares, but a bright into which , and small are worked, entering well, a hardened toward the base, running in the lower half with , the clear and bright with well adhered. The published commentary describes the very chiselling as forceful, the 力 element of and the legs of mitsu all angular forms cut with a thick chisel, so that signature and temper read together as one knowable hand.

The is the Yamato constant beneath both his manners. Over a compact the grain flows and inclines toward , standing a little, with fine adhering densely and mixed in, fine entering; on the finest signed a distinct stands clear, and where the forging tightens the only grows brighter. The runs straight, or with a slight , and turns back in , shallow and a little moist on the piece; a is carried through on both faces. On the shortened, unsigned attributions the hand stands more openly, the flowing into along the edge, the fraying with the running to and turning pointed, the Yamato character shown plainly.

The central scholarly question around him is his own two-sidedness. Examining the signed against the Tokyo National Museum dated piece, the published sources find that "that two modes of workmanship are present is made clear by these two swords" (二様の作風があることがこれら二口によって明らかである): the one a flowing with a and small showing the Yamato highlights, the other a closely packed with clear and a mixing and that carries a -like temperament. One opens further into mixed with , slightly , and at first glance reads as a ; yet the laid through both and holds it apart, and the commentary concludes that "considered overall, he should be regarded as a Yamato smith" (総合的にみて大和鍛冶とみるべきもの), leaving the relation between Sukemitsu and the smiths for further study.

What sets him apart from his neighbours is exactly what the judges name. From the famous Yoshioka Sukemitsu he is divided by the bold two-character signature and by a temper that stays -based where the hand runs to free ; from the plainer Yamato smiths he is divided by the brightness of his and the and small gathered on his edge, the -leaning admixture that gives his work its individual color. He stands within the Senjuin tradition as a minor but distinct hand, knowable from the construction and the bright alone, his place fixed less by lineage records, which are silent, than by the dated reference and the consistency of the signed group.

For the collector he is a rare early Yamato name. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō . He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through one and a small number of , with a further attributed , the four blades of the and tiers being nearly the whole of his designated record. The published sources state plainly that "extant signed works by the Yamato smith Sukemitsu are extremely few" (大和鍛冶助光の在銘現存の作はごく僅かである) and call one of the "an extremely rare surviving work" (非常に珍らしい遺品). The dated reference is preserved in the Tokyo National Museum, and his blades otherwise rest in long-held private collections of recorded whereabouts. A signed Yamato Sukemitsu comes to light only seldom, so a privately held example is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a quiet document of a Yamato hand that looked, at moments, toward .

Kantei

two workmanship modes of one Yamato Senjuin hand, drawn explicitly by the published sources: a Yamato mode of bright suguha-chō with ko-chōji and small midare over a flowing, masame-leaning ko-itame, set against a Bizen-leaning mode of chōji mixed with gunome and a standing midare-utsuri, both carrying the same large, angular two-character signature cut above the mekugi-ana

Sukemitsu is a Yamato smith of the late period, probably of the Senjuin school, and the earliest of a group of Yamato smiths whose signatures lead with the character (Sukemitsu, Sukehei, Sukenobu, Sukeyoshi); the dates him to the Shōan era, and a Tokyo National Museum carries his written-out date of Shōan 3 (1301). His name is one of 's standing confusions: the famous Sukemitsu is Sukemitsu of the Yoshioka in , but the Yoshioka hand is not seen in a two-character signature, whereas this smith cuts a large, boldly chiselled, angular two-character 助光 above the , and his work is not . Extant signed pieces number only a handful, all save the attributed shortened blades. The published sources draw his workmanship explicitly into two modes: a Yamato mode of a refined , flowing and inclining to , tempered in a bright with , and small , entering well, and running, the straight to a ; and a -leaning mode whose carries a and whose temper opens into chōji mixed with , slightly , so that at first glance it reads as , yet is held to Yamato by the laid through both and . The two-mode question, and the smith's relation to the smiths, the sources leave open for further study.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs Yoshioka Ichimonji Sukemitsu (no two-character mei seen)

Observation by phase

The Yamato mode (bright suguha-chō, masame-leaning ko-itame, his typical hand)

The mode the published sources treat as his typical Yamato work is a slender , with and a , where it survives whole, the large two-character cut above the . Over a compact , the grain flowing and inclining toward and standing a little, fine adheres densely, mixes in, fine enter. The temper is a into which , and small are worked, entering well, a hardened toward the base, running in the lower half with , the clear and bright with well adhered. The runs straight or with a slight and turns back in , shallow and a little moist on the finest piece; a is carved through on both faces. The published sources call the slender, refined shape elegant and the and sound, and read this bright -with- as the Yamato manner proper to the Senjuin group. The attributed shortened blades extend the hand into a more standing, -leaning with the fraying and the running to .

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The Bizen-leaning mode (chōji with gunome, saka-gakari, standing midare-utsuri)

The published sources draw a second mode that at first glance reads as . Here the inclines overall to with and a standing ; the temper opens into chōji mixed with , slightly , the upper half on the settling to a base, the deep with well adhered, and running, the a shallow to . The sources note that some Sukemitsu work shows a manner, but hold that, considered overall, he is to be regarded as a Yamato smith; the laid through both and is what separates this from a true , and the maker is judged the hand as the Shōan-dated . From these two modes the published commentary concludes that two distinct manners of workmanship are present, and leaves the relation between Sukemitsu and the smiths for future examination.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

The signature register (the bold two-character mei above the mekugi-ana)

Distinct from the workmanship modes, the signature itself is a tell. Sukemitsu cuts a large two-character 助光 in a thick, angular chisel, placed above the , the position and the forceful cutting as on the Shōan-dated in the Tokyo National Museum. The published sources describe the 力 element of the character and the legs of the character mitsu as all forceful, angular forms cut with a thick chisel. This sets him decisively apart from the famous Yoshioka Sukemitsu of , whose hand is not seen in a two-character signature at all, so that the alone resolves the homonym. Signed works survive in only a few examples; the bulk of his record is mid-to-late- attributions affirmed from the construction and the bright manner.

Sugata 姿
Scholarship

The published sources record that the widely known Sukemitsu is Kii Sukemitsu of the Yoshioka Ichimonji in Bizen, but that the Yoshioka hand is not encountered with a two-character signature, and that the workmanship of this tachi is not Bizen; the Meikan lists this smith as 'Yamato, Shōan,' a Shōan-dated tachi survives, and although it is not made clear to which lineage he belonged, he is probably a smith of the Senjuin group.

The Tokuju commentary states that two modes of workmanship are made evident by the signed tachi and the Tokyo National Museum dated tachi, the one a flowing itame with a suguha-chō and small gunome showing the Yamato highlights, the other a closely packed ko-itame with clear utsuri and a suguha-chō mixing ko-chōji and ko-gunome that shows a Bizen-like temperament, and that the relation between Sukemitsu and the Bizen smiths should be examined further.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin—
Gyobutsu2
Tokubetsu Jūyō1
Jūyō Tōken3

Elite Standing

0.13 across 6 designated works

Top 15% among smiths

Provenance

2 documented provenances across certified works by Sukemitsu

Provenance Standing

2 works held in elite collections across 2 documented provenances

Top 68% among smiths

Raw score: 1.92 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 6 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 6 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Sukemitsu
Student
  1. 1.Sukeuji助氏1designated

Senjuin School

Other artisans of the Senjuin school

  1. 1.Nobuyoshi延吉1 for sale29designated
  2. 2.Yoshihiro吉弘5designated
  3. 3.Yoshihiro義弘3designated
  4. 4.Kunimitsu國光1designated
  5. 5.Rikio力王1designated
  6. 6.Shigehiro重弘1designated
  7. 7.Yukimitsu行光1designated
  8. 8.Sukeuji助氏1designated
  9. 9.Kuniharu國治1designated
  10. 10.Aritoshi有俊1designated
  11. 11.Nobuie延家2designated
  12. 12.Shigeyuki重行1designated