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  3. Yasutsugu

Shimosaka Yasutsugu

康繼

Tokujū
Vol. 14, No. 36 · Wakizashi

Shimosaka Yasutsugu

康繼

74 ranked works

ProvinceMusashiEraKeicho (1596–1615)PeriodEdoSchoolShimosakaTraditionShintoGeneration1stFujishiroJo-jo sakuToko Taikan1,500(top 5%)TypeSwordsmithCodeYAS974
2Jūyō Bunkazai
13Jūyō Bijutsuhin
12Tokubetsu Jūyō47Jūyō Tōken

Overview

The first generation Yasutsugu was born in Shimosaka village of Sakata district in Omi and called himself Shimosaka Ichizaemon. He moved to , served Yuki Hideyasu, and in his early years signed no Daijo Shimosaka (肥後大掾下坂). Between Keicho 10 and 11 (1605 to 1606) he was summoned to , forged before the two shoguns Tokugawa Ieyasu and Hidetada, and as a reward received the character from Ieyasu's name and the right to carve the Tokugawa hollyhock crest on his , taking the name Yasutsugu. The published sources repeat this biography nearly word for word, and state what the grant came to mean: the world calls him -Shimosaka (葵下坂) and Go- Yasutsugu (御紋康継) for the hollyhock cut above his signature. He served the shogunal house as its retained smith until his death in Genna 7 (1621).

No other of his day reads like his. The hollyhock is a granted crest carved above the signature, not part of the itself, and beside the signature he declared his material, the published record stating that he was then the only man boldly adding the words i nanban-tetsu (以南蛮鉄), made with nanban steel. Because he served and in alternate years, the sources state, he cut -ju (越前住) on home-province work and Oite Bushu (於武州江戸) on work, so the itself places and dates a blade. A third register is the Sunshu-uchi (駿州打), works forged at Sunpu while calling on the retired Ieyasu: only a few survive, the mostly long, their workmanship divided by the commentary into a refined and gentle type and a rougher, vigorously disordered one. One long Sunshu was among the Sunpu o-wakemono (駿府御分物), Ieyasu's keepsake division, and descended in the Kishu Tokugawa family. Practically everything he made is signed, seventy-two of the seventy-four designated works on record against a single unsigned blade, with Keicho dates and gold-inlaid cutting-test attestations on the finest.

His own manner begins in the steel. The forging is with standing out and a tendency for the grain to rise; forms thickly, fine enter, and the steel color carries a blackish tone, named outright by the published sources as the peculiarity of (越前がね). Over it the takes a shallow or as its base, with small running linked in series, entering frequently and mixed in. The is thick, with rougher standing in uneven patches; fine and run, vigorous and appear, at times to a -like effect, and the takes on the sinking tendency (沈みごころ) noted on blade after blade. The undulates shallowly, the point sharpening in what the texts call a -style manner, with and a long, strong return. The is the Keicho- build, wide with little taper, thick and shallow in , the point extended, the broad and . The commentary gathers all of this into a single phrase, the typical working range of the first generation Yasutsugu (初代康継の典型的な作域). His are deep, forceful and frequent, Fudo Myoo triads, , and among them, many read as Kinai-line carving.

The range divides by period and by purpose. Before the grant his work is rare: the published record states that signed no Daijo Shimosaka survive in no more than a handful, nearly all in the comparatively calm, well-ordered manner, gentler than the granted-crest prime; the texts set these early signatures beside those of the fellow smiths Sadakuni and Kanenori, so alike that attribution rests on the style. The opposite pole is the copy program. Because he re-tempered many of the Taiko's treasured blades burned in the fall of Osaka castle, he attempted reproductions of various celebrated , the sources stating that he was most skilled at the Sadamune copies. The , Ataki, Umetake and Shishi Sadamune copies survive, beside the Wakae Masamune, known otherwise only from Kotoku's drawings, the Ebina Kokaji of Munechika, whose re-tempered original is preserved in the Tokugawa Art Museum, the Namazuo Toshiro and Oyako Toshiro of Yoshimitsu, and a emulation of Hasebe. The 's judgment is explicit: in the and of his copies his own manner shows, and he does not idly imitate. The Namazuo Toshiro copy is faithful down to the placement of the , yet the blackish steel, linked and sinking betray the hand; where the model is lost, as with the Oyako Toshiro, the copy itself is held particularly precious. To the breadth belongs the konotegashiwa (児の手柏), the blade whose two faces are tempered in radically different manners, his example judged a model of the type.

are exceptional, for the record states that across the first and second generations production was extremely small; one of the few evokes old Norishige in its and and carries the only dragon-mounted Fudo carving in his work. His son, the second Yasutsugu, carried the manner so faithfully that the texts judge his work at times separable from the father's only by the form of the character tsugu, and a famous long taken for the third generation is now strongly argued to be the father's work under the second's proxy signature. After the second generation the family divided into the and Shimosaka houses, and the name prospered in both lines down to the end of the bakufu.

Fujishiro rates him Jo-jo . Seventy-four designated works stand on record: two Important Cultural Properties, thirteen Bijutsuhin, twelve and forty-seven , so that fifty-nine blades occupy the and tiers. Thirty blades carry recorded provenance, and the names trace his patronage. Honda Hida no Kami Narishige, the castellan and his great patron, left possession inscriptions on a number of his best pieces; the Tokuju Shishi Sadamune copy keeps its original Honda-crested . The with the go Furaijin (風雷神), carried by Matsudaira Tadamasa at the Summer Siege of Osaka, was long transmitted in the Matsudaira house; other blades passed through the Owari Tokugawa Reimeikai Foundation, Mitsui Takakimi and Enomoto Takeaki. He has no blade in the National Treasure class and his Important Cultural Properties are few, so what a collector meets is the signed and body of and , which comes to the market from time to time; the named- copies, the Sunshu-uchi and the pieces bearing the Honda possession inscriptions surface only rarely, each an event for the field when it does.

Kantei

the NBTHK's own biographical frame, repeated nearly verbatim across the corpus: the early Higo no Daijo Shimosaka work before the grant, then the prime under the granted crest with its alternate-year system written into the mei (Echizen-uchi signed 越前住, Edo-uchi signed 於武州江戸, the rare Sunshu-uchi forged at Sunpu), and across both periods the orthogonal register of meibutsu copies and re-temperings born of the Osaka castle fire

The first Yasutsugu, born in Shimosaka village of Sakata district in Omi and called Shimosaka Ichizaemon, moved to and was retained by Yuki Hideyasu, signing at first no Daijo Shimosaka. Summoned to between Keicho 10 and 11 (1605 to 1606), he forged before the shoguns Ieyasu and Hidetada and was rewarded with the character and the right to carve the Tokugawa hollyhock crest on his , becoming the shogunal house smith the world calls -Shimosaka and Go- Yasutsugu; he died in Genna 7 (1621). His tells: the blackish with , a shallow or with small running linked, frequent, the sinking with coarse that clumps in patches, a -style pointed with , the declaration of nanban steel in the , and the -copy program, Sadamune above all, in which his own manner always shows through.

Diagnostic discriminators

75% of his works

36% of his works · 13.1× vs Horikawa Kunihiro, the contemporaneous Keicho Soshu-revival master

unique vs Sadamune, the model of his copy program

18% of his works · 26.2× vs Horikawa Kunihiro

Observation by phase

The Higo no Daijo Shimosaka period, before the grant (to Keicho 10/11)

the Higo no Daijo Shimosaka signatures of the Echizen service years, on katana and one sasaho spear; the texts note these blades are few, that the signature family is easily confused with the fellow Echizen Higo no Daijo smiths Sadakuni and Kanenori, and that attribution within it rests on the mei style

The rare early group. The texts state that extant no Daijo Shimosaka blades number only a handful and that nearly all show the manner: a calm, well-ordered workmanship, a tone with shallow and small , on a of with standing already showing the blackish color of the later work, the wide Keicho build with extended point. The reads them outright as his early work, the manner gentler than the granted-crest prime.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文

The granted-crest prime, shogunal service (Keicho 10/11 to Genna 7, 1605 to 1621)

the mei system itself: the hollyhock crest above the signature, the declaration 以南蛮鉄 (made with nanban steel, a material statement he alone then cut), and the alternate-year service written into the inscription, 越前住 on home-province work (18 texts) against 於武州江戸 on Edo work (59 texts); Keicho dates and cutting-test attestations beside it

The full Yasutsugu manner. is the Keicho- build: wide with little taper, thick , shallow , the point extended, the wide and . The is with standing out, thick, frequent, the steel color blackish, the texts naming it the peculiarity. The is a shallow or base with small running linked in series, entering constantly, mixed in, thick with rough standing in uneven clumps, and running, and appearing, and the characteristically sinking. The undulates in, the point tending to sharpen in the manner with and a long return. are frequent and skilled, , , and , many from the carvers of the Kinai line.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
The Sunshu-uchi, the Sunpu forgings (rare and prized)— the 於駿州 and 於駿府 signatures, cut on visits to the retired Ieyasu at Sunpu; only a handful survive (7 texts), katana mostly long and grand, and the NBTHK divides their manner in two, one with refined jigane and calm gunome or gunome-choji, the other with rougher jigane and a flamboyant midare

The meibutsu copies and re-temperings (the utsushi register)

the kana side-inscriptions naming the model, しし貞宗のうつし, あたきさたむねのうつし, なんばんかね; the order pieces of his patron Honda Hida no Kami Shigeshige of Toyohara, whose possession signatures mark many of the best; the copies concentrate in hira-zukuri wakizashi and tanto

After the fall of Osaka castle he re-tempered many of the burned Taiko meibutsu, and from that work grew the copy program the texts call his forte, Sadamune above all: the Sadamune, Ataki Sadamune, Umetake Sadamune and Shishi Sadamune copies, beside the Wakae Masamune, the Ebina Kokaji of Munechika, the Namazuo Toshiro and the Oyako Toshiro of Yoshimitsu, and a piece read as a Hasebe copy. The judges the copying creative rather than slavish: in and his own manner shows, he does not merely imitate, and where the original is lost the copy itself carries the record. The of these pieces, faithfully reproduced, are read as the hands of the carvers Kinai and Kinai Tomoaki.

Hamon 刃文
Scholarship

The biography is the NBTHK's constant formula, nearly verbatim in most texts: Omi origin, the move to Echizen in the service of Yuki Hideyasu, the early Higo no Daijo Shimosaka signature, the summons to Edo between Keicho 10 and 11, the forging before Ieyasu and Hidetada, and the grant of the character Yasu and the hollyhock crest.

The alternate-year service is read straight off the mei: home-province work signed 越前住, Edo work signed 於武州江戸, the texts repeating the rule in so many words.

The Sunshu-uchi class is singled out and prized: works signed at Sunpu before the retired Ieyasu are few, long and grand in the katana, and divide into a refined-jigane calm manner and a rough-jigane flamboyant one.

The konotegashiwa, radically different workmanship on the two faces, occurs now and then in Echizen shinto generally, and the texts hold his examples to be the very model of the type.

Within the early Higo no Daijo signature family the texts place him beside the fellow Echizen smiths Sadakuni and Kanenori, the three signing so alike that early pieces are adjudicated by mei style.

The carving question is recorded twice over: the named Echizen carvers Kinai and Kinai Tomoaki sign or are read in many works, while Homma notes that whether the blade carvings are the smith's own hand or the province's Kinai carvers has no settled answer.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai2
Jūyō Bijutsuhin13
Gyobutsu—
Tokubetsu Jūyō12
Jūyō Tōken47

Elite Standing

0.79 across 74 designated works

Top 3% among smiths

Provenance

39 documented provenances across certified works by Yasutsugu

Provenance Standing

4 works held in elite collections across 39 documented provenances

Top 10% among smiths

Raw score: 2.50 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 74 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 74 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

Yasutsugu
Students (8)
  1. 1.Yasutsugu康繼1 for sale27designated
  2. 2.Sadakuni貞國11designated
  3. 3.Yasutsugu康繼3 for sale8designated
  4. 4.Shigetaka重高3 for sale6designated
  5. 5.Sadakuni貞國2designated
  6. 6.Tsuguhira繼平2designated
  7. 7.Yasutsugu康繼7 for sale2designated
  8. 8.Yasutsugu康繼1designated

Shimosaka School

Other artisans of the Shimosaka school

  1. 1.Yasutsugu康繼1 for sale27designated
  2. 2.Yasutsugu康繼3 for sale8designated
  3. 3.Sadakuni貞國11designated
  4. 4.Shigetaka重高3 for sale6designated
  5. 5.Sadatsugu貞次1 for sale5designated
  6. 6.Kunitsugu國次1designated
  7. 7.Kunitsugu國次1 for sale1designated
  8. 8.Sadakuni貞國2designated
  9. 9.Tsuguhira繼平2designated
  10. 10.Yasutsugu康繼1designated
  11. 11.Kunikiyo國清1designated
  12. 12.Shimosaka Hachirozaemon下坂八郎左衛門1designated