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  2. Nobukuni
  3. Nobukuni

Nobukuni

信國

Tokujū
Vol. 6, No. 9 · Tachi

Nobukuni

信國

33 ranked works

ProvinceYamashiroEraShitoku (1384–1387)PeriodNanbokuchōSchoolNobukuniTraditionYamashiro-denGeneration3rdTeacherNobukuniToko Taikan800(top 14%)TypeSwordsmithCodeNOB307
1Jūyō Bijutsuhin
1Gyobutsu
2Tokubetsu Jūyō29Jūyō Tōken

Overview

is the Yamashiro master at the head of his school, a Kyoto smith of the Ryōkai line who worked through the period and, by tradition, carried the inheritance into the age of . The published sources record his descent in one sentence and then complicate it: he was a smith of the Ryōkai line who, they say, "is also said to have studied under Sadamune of " (相州貞宗にも学んだと伝えている). From those two roots, the Yamashiro tradition and the study under Sadamune, the whole shape of his work follows. The earliest reliably dated pieces fall in the Enbun, Kōan and Jōji years; the 's older Kenmu date is set aside because nothing survives to support it. This is the , the together with the late- successor who carried the name on after him, and the published commentary is careful to hold both apart from the early- Ōei , Saemon-no-jō and Shikibu-no-jō, who came later.

His hand is most surely read in the carving. The school's , a devotional program of , , and , banner-and-halberd reliefs, and the invocation "Namu " cut into the blade, recurs across the corpus and is the hereditary specialty the published sources single out, calling it work "of a hereditary art, executed with notable skill" (御家芸とも言うべき彫物は流石に上手). It appears on roughly half his surviving blades, against the plain of the rest, and on the finest pieces a long flame-framed and a on a lotus pedestal are layered together in . Few smiths of his time are so consistently identified by what they carved.

The steel beneath carries the descent plainly. Over an that stands and flows toward , the takes a thick with entering frequently, and on the finer-forged blades a pale, streak-like stands in the . The published sources read the thickly laid and frequent as the visible influence of the tradition, the trace of the study under Sadamune. The is laid in whatever its pattern, with and running through it, the bright, and the most often with , or running straight into a .

The published sources divide his work into three manners, and the division is the key to the smith. The first is "a showing the Kyō tradition," the refined straight temper of with fine and a faint , carried on the , and ; a dated piece they call an elegant work that "faithfully inherited the manner of the antecedents" (先祖の来の風をよく継承した). The second is "a temper that inherits the Sadamune manner" (京物の伝統を示した直刃と貞宗風を受け継いだ, the two modes named together), a mixed with , well laid in with conspicuous , the most frequently met of his styles. The third belongs to the successor generation, which first produces and adds, beyond the two inherited modes, a lively -based . Its tell is named again and again: pairs of set side by side and "linked across the valleys by a low, small " (互の目が二箇宛連れたものを腰の低い小のたれの刃で繋ぐ), taking on a , arrow-notch, profile. On the most animated late blades , , and enter as well.

What sets him apart is held within his own work rather than borrowed from a comparison. The -derived keeps him in the Kyō tradition; the -rich , thick with , marks the Sadamune study; and the paired- of the late hand is the feature by which the daigawari is recognized. The published sources distinguish that late mode from the Ōei who follow, noting that in the late- hand the disorder is "broken down in a more cursive manner than in the Ōei ," a point used to keep the generations separate. They are equally candid that the name was shared: "there appear to have been several smiths of the signature in the period" (南北朝時代にも同銘数工あったと見られる), and a Meitoku-3 signed Genzaemon-no-jō is by a different hand than the two-character of the year.

For the collector he is a name encountered with patience rather than at will. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties on record; his standing rests instead on two and twenty-nine blades, thirty-one in the and tiers together, with a prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin among them and Kōchū attached to several. Signed, dated, of the are uncommon, since the 's signed work is confined to and , so the dated late- and are prized above all as reference material. Of recorded whereabouts, his blades are held in long-standing collections and institutions, one of the preserved in the Samurai Art Museum in Berlin, with documented provenance to the Hisamatsu Matsudaira family, the Ōta collection and, in one instance, the Imperial Family. None of these is locked away as designated patrimony, so a signed example does, from time to time, pass into private hands; it comes to the serious collector only seldom, and a dated, carved by the is a landmark when it does.

Kantei

the Nanbokuchō Nobukuni read across the three modes the published sources draw for the line: a Rai-derived suguha and a Sadamune-derived notare carried from the shodai, plus the gunome-based midare with paired-gunome yahazu that the daigawari successor adds on tachi, all over a Sōshū-tinged itame with thick ji-nie and chikei and a hereditary horimono program

is the Yamashiro master at the head of the line, a Ryōkai-descended Kyō smith said also to have studied under Sadamune, and the published sources treat this code as the as a whole: the , whose surviving signed work runs to dated Enbun, Kōan and Jōji and in two manners, a refined continuing the tradition and a inheriting Sadamune, together with the daigawari successor of the Eitoku, Shitoku and Meitoku years, in whose hand the line first turns out and adds a third register, a -based . Across all of it the is an , often standing and flowing into , with abundant and betraying the descent. The is laid in with and throughout, its temple-carving program, , , , and the invocation , is the school's hereditary specialty and one of its surest tells, and the signal late tell is paired linked by a low with a profile. The published sources distinguish him sharply from the early- Ōei , Saemon-no-jō and Shikibu-no-jō, who carry the name forward.

Diagnostic discriminators

unique vs his suguha and notare registers

Observation by phase

Suguha register, the Rai/Kyō inheritance

The first of the two modes the published sources assign to the is a refined that continues the tradition of Yamashiro. It is most at home on the , and , several of them and dated to Shitoku and Meitoku: a of , the tight and brightly clear, with fine , a faint , and and running quietly through it, the straight into a . Over it the is a tightly forged with flowing grain, fine densely set, and a pale, streak-like standing in the . The published sources call the dated an elegant work faithfully inheriting the manner of the antecedents, and read the resulting as showing the Kyō tradition.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Notare register, the Sadamune inheritance

The second of the 's two manners, and the one most often met across the corpus, is a -dominant temper inheriting Sadamune. The published sources describe it as a mixed with , well laid with , applied repeatedly and conspicuous entering, with throughout, the running into a or sweeping toward . Over it the is an , in places flowing into and standing a little, with abundant and . It is in this register that the sources read the descent most plainly: the thickly laid and frequent allow one, they write, to discern the influence of the tradition.

Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子

Gunome-midare, the late-Nanbokuchō successor's added mode (on tachi)

Beyond the two inherited manners, the daigawari successor of the late adds a third the did not work: a lively with predominant, and it is on this generation that the line first produces . The temper mixes , small , and -like elements; its defining tell, named again and again in the published sources, is paired , two consecutive peaks, linked by a low and taking on a , arrow-notch, profile. Over a standing, flowing with and the adheres strongly, with and , the bright, and at its most animated , , and enter; the runs with . The published sources tie this paired- manner specifically to of the late through Ōei and call it a major point of appreciation.

Sugata 姿
Jigane 地鉄
Hamon 刃文
Bōshi 帽子
Scholarship

The published sources hold that more than one smith signed Nobukuni even within the Nanbokuchō: a Meitoku-3 tachi exists signed Genzaemon-no-jō Nobukuni by a different hand than the two-character Nobukuni of the same year, and the same name continues through several generations into the Muromachi. They reject the Meikan's Kenmu date for the shodai, since no Kenmu-dated work survives, and take the Enbun and Jōji pieces as the earliest reliable benchmark.

On the gunome-based late mode the published sources describe a tempering conception in which pairs of gunome are linked by a low, small notare, and note that in the late-Nanbokuchō Nobukuni the disorder is broken down in a more cursive manner than in the Ōei Nobukuni, a point used to separate the two generations.

Designations

Kokuhō—
Jūyō Bunkazai—
Jūyō Bijutsuhin1
Gyobutsu1
Tokubetsu Jūyō2
Jūyō Tōken29

Elite Standing

0.22 across 33 designated works

Top 11% among smiths

Provenance

3 documented provenances across certified works by Nobukuni

Provenance Standing

1 works held in elite collections across 3 documented provenances

Top 78% among smiths

Raw score: 1.86 / 10

Blade Forms

Distribution across 33 ranked works

Signatures

Signature types across 33 ranked works

Currently Available

Lineage

TeacherNobukuni
Nobukuni
Students (7)
  1. 1.Nobukuni信國2 for sale33designated
  2. 2.Masanobu正信4designated
  3. 3.Nobukuni信國
  4. 4.Nobukuni信國
  5. 5.Sadamitsu定光
  6. 6.Nobukuni信國
  7. 7.Masanobu正信

Nobukuni School

Other artisans of the Nobukuni school

  1. 1.Nobukuni信國1 for sale69designated
  2. 2.Nobukuni信國1 for sale44designated
  3. 3.Yoshikane吉包2 for sale7designated
  4. 4.Shigekane重包1 for sale4designated
  5. 5.Masanobu正信4designated
  6. 6.Masakane正包1designated
  7. 7.Nobukuni信國1 for sale2designated
  8. 8.Shigekuni重國1designated
  9. 9.Yoshimasa吉政2 for sale2designated
  10. 10.Nobusada信貞2designated
  11. 11.Nobukuni信國2designated